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Ahmed Bin Qutlugh
Ahmad ibn Kutlug (died 1403), was the third bey of the Aq Qoyunlu confederation (1389-1403). Biography Ahmad was the eldest of the four sons of Fakhr ud-Din Qutlug-Bey and Despina Khatun. In 1379, he was sent by his father to Erzincan to fend off an Eretnid attack by the sultan Ala al-Din Ali. The alliance was later sealed with a marriage between Ahmed's daughter and the Bey of Erzincan, Mutahhartan. Following this, Ahmad attacked Sivas killing a general of the Eretnid Qadi Burhaneddin. Unable to capture the city, he had to withdraw. In 1388, Ahmad pledged his loyalty to Burhaneddin, leaving his brother Kara Usman in Sivas as a hostage. Ahmad had assumed the military leadership of the Aq Qoyunlu about ten years before his father, Qutlug-Bey's death. After the death of his father in 1389, Mutahhartan, with the backing of the Kara Koyunlu, broke their treaty. After losing a number of military encounters, Ahmed was forced to seek protection with Burhaneddin in Sivas. In alliance w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Rulers Of Aq Qoyunlu
The Bayandurids or the Tur-'Alids ruled over the Aq Qoyunlu confederation, that was founded by Tur Ali bin Pehlwan (1340-1360 C.E.), and was followed by his son Qutlugh bin Tur Ali (1360-1378/79 C.E.) and his grandson Uthman Beg respectively, the founder of Aq Qoyunlu state. The dynasty originated around Diyarbakır and ruled the territory now part of present-day Turkey, Iraq and Iran. Their capital was the city of Tabriz after 1471-1472. They gained international significance under Uzun Hasan who became their greatest leader. He conquered the Qara Qoyunlu and defeated the Timurid Empire, thus adding significant portions of Iran to his kingdom. He eventually lost to the Ottoman Empire, weakening his kingdom. The kingdom was eventually absorbed into Safavid Iran. Aq Qoyunlu rulers *In letters from the Ottoman Sultans, when addressing the kings of Aq Qoyunlu, such titles as ar, ملك الملوك الأيرانية "Iranian King of Kings", ar, سلطان السلاطين الإي ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kadi Burhan Al-Din
Qāżi Aḥmad Borhān al-Din ( tr, Kadı Burhâneddin, 8 January 1345 – 1398; az, Qazi Bürhanəddin) was an Oghuz Turkic vizier to the Eretnid rulers of Anatolia. In 1381 he took over Eretnid lands and claimed the title of sultan for himself. He is most often referred to by the title Qadi, a name for Islamic judges, which was his first occupation. Origin and early career He was born on 8 January 1345 in Kayseri. His father, Muhammad Shams al-Din, like his grandfather and great-grandfather, was a '' kadi'', descended from the Oghuz Turkic tribe of Salur. His father gave him his first education, which he furthered in Egypt, Damascus, and Aleppo. When he returned to his hometown in 1364/65, one year after his father's death, the local ruler, the Eretnid Giyath al-Din Muhammad, so esteemed his education and character that he gave the young man not only the post of ''kadi'', but also the hand of his daughter. Despite this unusual favour, Burhan al-Din secretly participated in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1403 Deaths
Fourteen or 14 may refer to: * 14 (number), the natural number following 13 and preceding 15 * one of the years 14 BC, AD 14, 1914, 2014 Music * 14th (band), a British electronic music duo * ''14'' (David Garrett album), 2013 *''14'', an unreleased album by Charli XCX * "14" (song), 2007, from ''Courage'' by Paula Cole Other uses * ''Fourteen'' (film), a 2019 American film directed by Dan Sallitt * ''Fourteen'' (play), a 1919 play by Alice Gerstenberg * ''Fourteen'' (manga), a 1990 manga series by Kazuo Umezu * ''14'' (novel), a 2013 science fiction novel by Peter Clines * ''The 14'', a 1973 British drama film directed by David Hemmings * Fourteen, West Virginia, United States, an unincorporated community * Lot Fourteen, redevelopment site in Adelaide, South Australia, previously occupied by the Royal Adelaide Hospital * "The Fourteen", a nickname for NASA Astronaut Group 3 * Fourteen Words, a phrase used by white supremacists and Nazis See also * 1/4 (other) * Fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oghuz Turks
The Oghuz or Ghuzz Turks (Middle Turkic languages, Middle Turkic: ٱغُز, ''Oγuz'', ota, اوغوز, Oġuz) were a western Turkic people that spoke the Oghuz languages, Oghuz branch of the Turkic languages, Turkic language family. In the 8th century, they formed a Turkic tribal confederation, tribal confederation conventionally named the Oghuz Yabgu State in Central Asia. The name ''Oghuz'' is a Common Turkic word for "tribe". Byzantine Empire, Byzantine sources call the Oghuz the Uzes (Οὐ̑ζοι, ''Ouzoi''). By the 10th century, Islamic sources were calling them Muslim Turkmens, as opposed to Tengrist or Buddhist. By the 12th century, this term had passed into Byzantine usage and the Oghuzes were overwhelmingly Muslim. The term "Oghuz" was gradually supplanted among the Turks themselves by the terms ''Turkmen'' and ''Turkoman (ethnonym), Turcoman'', ( ota, تركمن, Türkmen or ''Türkmân'') from the mid-10th century on, a process which was completed by the beginn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aq Qoyunlu Rulers
AQ, Aq, aQ, or aq may refer to: Businesses and organizations * 9 Air (IATA code AQ) * AQ Interactive, Japanese video game developer * Acquity Group stock symbol (NYSE: AQ) * Alliance Quebec, a Canadian lobbyist group for English-speaking Quebecers * Aloha Airlines, a defunct airline (former IATA code AQ) * Al-Qaeda, a terrorist group * Al-Qatala, a video games Call of Duty: Modern Warfare (2019) and (2022) * Automatic Qualifying conference, an NCAA athletic conference Places * .aq, the country code Top Level Domain for Antarctica * Ak, Buin Zahra, also spelled Aq, a village in Iran * American Samoa (DAFIF 0413 / DIA 65-18 / FIPS PUB 10-4) * Antarctica (ISO 3166-1 country code) * L'Aquila, a province of Italy Science and technology * .aq, the country code Top Level Domain for Antarctica * Adaptive quantization, a quantization process that provides efficient compression * Oracle Advanced Queuing, a message provider used in the software products of the Oracle Corporation * Advers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timur
Timur ; chg, ''Aqsaq Temür'', 'Timur the Lame') or as ''Sahib-i-Qiran'' ( 'Lord of the Auspicious Conjunction'), his epithet. ( chg, ''Temür'', 'Iron'; 9 April 133617–19 February 1405), later Timūr Gurkānī ( chg, ''Temür Küregen''), was a Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire in and around modern-day Afghanistan, Iran, and Central Asia, becoming the first ruler of the Timurid dynasty. An undefeated commander, he is widely regarded as one of the greatest military leaders and tacticians in history, as well as one of the most brutal. Timur is also considered a great patron of art and architecture as he interacted with intellectuals such as Ibn Khaldun, Hafez, and Hafiz-i Abru and his reign introduced the Timurid Renaissance. Born into the Barlas confederation in Transoxiana (in modern-day Uzbekistan) on 9 April 1336, Timur gained control of the western Chagatai Khanate by 1370. From that base, he led military campaigns across Western, South, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bayburt Province
Bayburt Province ( tr, ) is a province of Turkey. Located in the Northeast Anatolia region of the country, the capital city is Bayburt, and with a population of 74,412 is the least-populous province in Turkey. Geography Bayburt is traversed by the northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude. Districts Bayburt province is divided into 3 districts (capital district in bold): * Aydıntepe * Bayburt * Demirözü Historical places The most important places in Bayburt Province are: * Bayburt Tower * Saruhan Tower * Aydıntepe underground city * Mausoleum of Dede Korkut * Mausoleum of Şehit Osman * Traditional Bayburt houses * Ulu Mosque * Pulur (Gökçedere) Ferahşat Bey Mosque * Sünür (Çayıryolu) Kutlu Bey Mosque * Yukarı Hınzeverek (Çatalçeşme) Mosque * Bedesten (covered bazaar) * Varzahan Armenian Church Cities and towns *Bayburt City 32,141 inh. *Aydıntepe City 2,663 inh. * Gökçedere Town 2,389 inh. *Demirözü City 2,137 inh. *Arpalı Town 1,934 inh. * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kara Koyunlu
The Qara Qoyunlu or Kara Koyunlu ( az, Qaraqoyunlular , fa, قره قویونلو), also known as the Black Sheep Turkomans, were a culturally Persianate, Muslim Turkoman "Kara Koyunlu, also spelled Qara Qoyunlu, Turkish Karakoyunlular, English Black Sheep, Turkmen tribal federation that ruled Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Iraq from about 1375 to 1468." "Better known as Turkomans... the interim Ak-Koyunlu and Karakoyunlu dynasties..." monarchy that ruled over the territory comprising present-day Azerbaijan, Georgia, Armenia, northwestern Iran, eastern Turkey, and northeastern Iraq from about 1374 to 1468. History Etymology The name Qara Qoyunlu literally means " hose withblack sheep". It has been suggested that this name refers to old totemic symbols, but according to Rashid al-Din Hamadani, the Turks were forbidden to eat the flesh of their totem-animals, and so this is unlikely given the importance of mutton in the diet of pastoral nomads. Another hypothesis is that the nam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sivas
Sivas (Latin and Greek: ''Sebastia'', ''Sebastea'', Σεβάστεια, Σεβαστή, ) is a city in central Turkey and the seat of Sivas Province. The city, which lies at an elevation of in the broad valley of the Kızılırmak river, is a moderately-sized trade centre and industrial city, although the economy has traditionally been based on agriculture. Rail repair shops and a thriving manufacturing industry of rugs, bricks, cement, and cotton and woolen textiles form the mainstays of the city's economy. The surrounding region is a cereal-producing area with large deposits of iron ore which are worked at Divriği. Sivas is also a communications hub for the north–south and east–west trade routes to Iraq and Iran, respectively. With the development of railways, the city gained new economic importance as junction of important rail lines linking the cities of Ankara, Kayseri, Samsun, and Erzurum. The city is linked by air to Istanbul. The popular name Sebastian derives f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qutlugh Bin Tur Ali
Fakhr al-Din Qutlugh-bey (died 1389) was the second Aq Qoyunlu bey, ruling from 1362-1389. His full name was ''Haji Fakhr al-Din Kutlug ibn Tur Ali-bey''. Biography Qutlugh was the son and successor of Bey Tur-Ali and grandson of Pehlavan bey Bayandur. In his youth he spent time at the court of Muhammad Giyas al-Din, Bey of Eretna (1352-1366). In 1352, Qutlugh married Maria Komnene (''Despina Khatun''), sister of the Emperor of Trebizond, Alexios III, as part of the peace agreement between the Aq Qoyunlu and Trebizond. Around 1363, after the death of his father, Qutlugh became the new Bey of the Aq Qoyunlu. Under Qutlugh, the Aq Qoyunlu expanded south of Erzincan. He attempted to maintain good relations with Trebizond, visiting there with his wife in 1365. In 1379, he sent his oldest son, Ahmad, to Erzincan to assist Mutahhartan against the military incursions of the Eretnids under sultan Ala al-Din Ali. Following the death of Ala al-Din Ali in 1381, Qutlugh supported the sem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beylik Of Erzincan
Beylik of Erzincan was a principality ( tr, beylik) in East Anatolia, Turkey in the fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries. Background After the battle of Kösedağ in 1243, Ilkhanid Mongols became the de facto rulers of Anatolia. However, after Ilkhanids disintegrated in the fourteenth century, former generals and bureaucrats of Ilkhanids as well as tribes under Ilkhanid yoke declared independence. The beylik of Erzincan was one of them. Emergence of the beylik Erzincan was an east frontier town of the beylik of Eretna. Pir Hüseyin, the governor of the city died in 1379 and a certain Mutaharten (also known as Trata or Tahirten) replaced him. His origin is obscure. But probably he was of Uyghur origin and a relative of the bey of Eretnids. (Uyghurs served as bureaucrats in Mongol states.) After the interregnum in Eretnids in 1380, he declared independence.Prof.Yaşar Yücel-Prof Ali Sevim:''Türkiye tarihi I'', AKDTYKTTK Yayınları, 1991, pp 260-310 However, after ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eretnids
The Eretnids ( tr, Eretna Beyliği) were an Anatolian beylik that succeeded the Ilkhanid governors in Anatolia and that ruled in a large region extending between Caesarea (Kayseri), Sebastea (Sivas) and Amaseia (Amasya) in Central Anatolia between 1328 and 1381. The dynasty was founded by Eretna, an officer of Uyghur origin in the service of Ilkhanid governors of Anatolia. Although short-lived, the Beylik of Eretna left important works of architecture. The name of Eretna may be derived from Sanskrit word ''Ratna'' "Jewel" or Tuvan (Turkic) "Ertine" (эртине) "treasure, jewel, value, esteem, appreciate, dignify, treasure, cherish". The dynasty's founder, Eretna, was a Mongol officer of Uyghur origin in the service of Timurtash, the Ilkhanid governor of Anatolia. After his master unsuccessfully revolted in 1327 to ally with the Mamluks in response to the fate of his father Chupan, Ilkhan Abu Said appointed Eretna a governor of Anatolia. Eretna, who established his own beyli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
