Jalal ad-Din Ali ibn Qara Yoluq Osman ( fa, علی بن قرا یولک عثمان‬), or Ali Beg ( az, Əli bəy/علی بیگ) was the sixth ''

bey Bey ( ota, بك, beğ, script=Arab, tr, bey, az, bəy, tk, beg, uz, бек, kz, би/бек, tt-Cyrl, бәк, translit=bäk, cjs, пий/пек, sq, beu/bej, sh, beg, fa, بیگ, beyg/, tg, бек, ar, بك, bak, gr, μπέης) is ...

'' of the Turkoman

tribal The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to conflic ...

federation A federation (also known as a federal state) is a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a central federal government ( federalism). In a federation, the self-govern ...

of the Aq Qoyunlu from 1435 to 1438.

Life

Jalal ad-Din Ali ibn Qara Yoluq Osman was born into the Bayandur tribe of the Aq Qoyunlu confederation. He was the third son of

Uthman Beg Uthman Beg or Osman Beg ( az, Qara Yuluq Osman Bəy; tr, Kara Yülük Osman Bey; 1356 – 1435) was a late 14th and early 15th-century leader of the Turkoman tribal federation of Aq Qoyunlu in what is now eastern Turkey, Iran, Azerbaijan and Ir ...

(1350–1435), the leader of the Aq Qoyunlu. He married his cousin, Sara Khatun. They had seven sons and one daughter, including

Uzun Hasan Uzun Hasan or Uzun Hassan ( اوزون حسن; fa, اوزون حسن; 1423 – January 6, 1478; where ''uzun'' means "tall" in Oghuz Turkic) was a ruler of the Turkoman Aq Qoyunlu state and is generally considered to be its strongest ruler. ...

and Jahangir Mirza, as well as Khadija Begum, who later married

Shaykh Junayd Sheikh Junayd (died 1460) ( ''Shaikh Junaid'') was the son of Shaykh Ibrahim, father of Shaykh Haydar and grandfather of the founder of Safavid dynasty, Shah Ismail I. After the death of his father, he assumed the leadership of the Safaviyya from ...

of the Safavid dynasty. In 1435, after the death of his father in the Battle of Erzurum, Ali became the new ruler of Aq Qoyunlu, since his two older brothers had already died at that time. The

Timurid Timurid refers to those descended from Timur (Tamerlane), a 14th-century conqueror: * Timurid dynasty, a dynasty of Turco-Mongol lineage descended from Timur who established empires in Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent ** Timurid Empire of C ...

crown prince

Muhammad Juki Muhammad Juki Mirza (1402 – 1445) was a Timurid prince and a son of the Central Asian ruler Shah Rukh. He served as one of his father's military commanders and may have been favoured as his preferred successor. However, he died of illness ...

had recognized Ali Beg the ruler of Âmid (modern-day

Diyarbakır Diyarbakır (; ; ; ) is the largest Kurdish-majority city in Turkey. It is the administrative center of Diyarbakır Province. Situated around a high plateau by the banks of the Tigris river on which stands the historic Diyarbakır Fortress, ...

) and as the ''

'' of the Aq Qoyunlu. However, Ali encountered the opposition of his brothers, uncles, and cousins. His cousin Kilij Arslan Bayandur, who ruled

Palu Palu, which is officially known as the City of Palu ( Indonesian: ''Kota Palu''), is the capital and largest city of Central Sulawesi. Palu is located on the northwestern coast of Sulawesi and borders Donggala Regency to the north and west, Par ...

in modern-day

Elazığ Elazığ () is a city in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey, and the administrative centre of Elazığ Province and Elazığ District. It is located in the uppermost Euphrates valley. The plain on which the city extends has an altitude of . ...

, wanted to take over the ''beylik'' with the help of

Qara Iskander Qara Iskandar ( az, قارا اسکندر, italic=no; ) ruled the Qara Qoyunlu or Black Sheep Turcoman tribe from 1420 to 1436. His struggles with the Timurid ruler Shah Rukh show that he was a brave leader, but he was not able to continue deve ...

of the

Kara Koyunlu The Qara Qoyunlu or Kara Koyunlu ( az, Qaraqoyunlular , fa, قره قویونلو), also known as the Black Sheep Turkomans, were a culturally Persianate, Muslim Turkoman "Kara Koyunlu, also spelled Qara Qoyunlu, Turkish Karakoyunlular, En ...

, but he could not succeed. On the other hand, when his brother Sultan Hamza, who was controlling Mardin and was supported by his others brothers, Mehmet and Mahmut, and his mother, Seljuk Hatun, captured Âmid, he was recognized as "great bey" by several Aq Qoyunlu princes. Ali Beg, now pushed out of the capital, went to his brother Yakub, who was the ruler of

Erzincan Erzincan (; ku, Erzîngan), historically Yerznka ( hy, Երզնկա), is the capital of Erzincan Province in Eastern Turkey. Nearby cities include Erzurum, Sivas, Tunceli, Bingöl, Elazığ, Malatya, Gümüşhane, Bayburt, and Giresun. The ...

and Karahisar. Ali's sons Husein, Jahangir and

also joined their father's ranks. However, since nothing could be done against Hamza, Ali had to take shelter in the Ottoman Sultan

Murad II Murad II ( ota, مراد ثانى, Murād-ı sānī, tr, II. Murad, 16 June 1404 – 3 February 1451) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1421 to 1444 and again from 1446 to 1451. Murad II's reign was a period of important economic deve ...

. Murad II gave him

İskilip İskilip is a district of Çorum Province, Turkey, on the left bank of the River Kızılırmak, located at 56 km from the city of Çorum, 100 miles (160 km) northeast of Ankara and 60 miles (100 km) southeast of Kastamonu. It covers an area of 1, ...

as ''dirlik'', but he did not stay there long and went to his sons in Erzincan. Ali abdicated and went into voluntary exile in Aleppo in January 1439, and remained there until his death. Ḥamza was then the most powerful Aq Qoyunlu chief, but he died in 1444. The struggle for leadership resumed between Shaikh Hasan, and Jahangir.

Family

By Sara Khatun he had seven sons and a daughter: * Jahangir Mirza Beg * Uzun Hasan Beg * Hussein Beg * Jahanshah Beg * Iskander Beg * Ibrahim Beg * Uveysh Beg * Khadija Beyim Khatun. She married

of Safavid dynasty between 1456 and 1459. Their son, Haydar Safavi, married his cousin Alamshah Halima Khatun, daughter of Uzun Hassan and Teodora Despina Khatun, and was father of

Ismail I Ismail I ( fa, اسماعیل, Esmāʿīl, ; July 17, 1487 – May 23, 1524), also known as Shah Ismail (), was the founder of the Safavid dynasty of Safavid Iran, Iran, ruling as its King of Kings (''Shahanshah'') from 1501 to 1524. His re ...

and grandfather of

Tahmasp I Tahmasp I ( fa, طهماسب, translit=Ṭahmāsb or ; 22 February 1514 – 14 May 1576) was the second shah of Safavid Iran from 1524 to 1576. He was the eldest son of Ismail I and his principal consort, Tajlu Khanum. Ascending the throne after ...

References

Sources

* * * * *

Life

Family

References

Sources

Further reading