|
List Of Opioids
This is a list of opioids, opioid antagonists and inverse agonists. Opium and poppy straw derivatives Crude opiate extracts whole opium products * B&O Supprettes * Diascordium *Dover's powder *Kendal Black Drop *Laudanum *Mithridate *Opium *Polish heroin (Compote, Kompot) *Paregoric *Poppy straw concentrate *Poppy tea * Smoking opium *Theriac Natural opiates Opium alkaloids *Codeine *Morphine *Oripavine *Pseudomorphine *Thebaine Alkaloid salts mixtures *Pantopon *Papaveretum (Omnopon) * Tetrapon Semisynthetics including Bentley compounds Morphine family * 14-Hydroxymorphine * 2,4-Dinitrophenylmorphine * 6-Methyldihydromorphine *6-Methylenedihydrodesoxymorphine * 6-Acetyldihydromorphine * Azidomorphine *Chlornaltrexamine *Chloroxymorphamine *Desomorphine (dihydrodesoxymorphine) *Dihydromorphine * Ethyldihydromorphine [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papaver April 2010-13 Crop
''Papaver'' is a genus of 70–100 species of frost-tolerant annual plant, annuals, biennial plant, biennials, and perennial plant, perennials native plant, native to temperateness, temperate and cold regions of Eurasia, Africa and North America. It is the type genus of the poppy family (biology), family, Papaveraceae. Description The flowers have two sepals that fall off as the bud opens, and four (or up to six) petals in red, pink, orange, yellow, or lilac. There are many stamens in several whorls around a compound gynoecium, pistil, which results from the fusion of carpels. The stigma (botany), stigmas are visible on top of the capsule, and the number of stigmas corresponds to the number of fused carpels. The ovary (plants), ovary later develops into a dehiscence (botany), dehiscing capsule (fruit), capsule, capped by the dried stigmas. The opened capsule scatters its numerous, tiny seeds as air movement shakes it, due to the long stem. The typical ''Papaver'' gynoecium is s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smoking
Smoking is a practice in which a substance is burned and the resulting smoke is typically breathed in to be tasted and absorbed into the bloodstream. Most commonly, the substance used is the dried leaves of the tobacco plant, which have been rolled into a small rectangle of rolling paper to create a small, round cylinder called a cigarette. Smoking is primarily practised as a route of administration for recreational drug use because the combustion of the dried plant leaves vaporizes and delivers active substances into the lungs where they are rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream and reach bodily tissue. In the case of cigarette smoking, these substances are contained in a mixture of aerosol particles and gases and include the pharmacologically active alkaloid nicotine; the vaporization creates heated aerosol and gas into a form that allows inhalation and deep penetration into the lungs where absorption into the bloodstream of the active substances occurs. In some cultures, s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papaveretum
Papaveretum (BAN) is a preparation containing a mixture of hydrochloride salts of opium alkaloids. Since 1993, papaveretum has been defined in the British Pharmacopoeia (BP) as a mixture of 253 parts morphine hydrochloride, 23 parts papaverine hydrochloride, and 20 parts codeine hydrochloride. It is commonly marketed to medical agencies under the trade name Omnopon. Although the use of papaveretum is now relatively uncommon following the wide availability of single-component opiates and synthetic opioids (e.g. pethidine), it is still used to relieve moderate to severe pain and for pre-operative sedation. In clinical settings, papaveretum is usually administered to patients via subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous routes. Additionally, the morphine syrettes found in combat medical kits issued to military personnel actually contain Omnopon. Prior to 1993, papaveretum also contained noscapine, though this component was removed from the BP formulation due to the genotoxic G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pantopon
Pantopon, also known as Opium Alkaloids Hydrochlorides, is a preparation of opiates made up of all of the alkaloids present in opium in their natural proportions as hydrochlorides salts. It can sometimes be tolerated by people who are allergic to morphine. Pantopon is prepared by treating standardized medicinal opium with hydrochloric acid or, more commonly, mixing 20 parts morphine HCl, 5 parts codeine, 6 parts thebaine, 8 parts noscapine, 2 parts narcotine, 6 parts miscellaneous alkaloids hydrochlorides. Pantopon is, in other words, opium with all of the tar and other insolubles removed in an injectable form which, by weight, is nearly as potent as morphine. It was invented in 1909 by the Hoffmann-La Roche pharmaceutical company. Other drugs of the same type have included in the opium alkaloid hydrobromides, sulfates, phosphates, and valerates. "Opium in a syringe " and "Injectable Whole Opium" were common advertising slogans for the product from Roche. An example of simila ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thebaine Skeletal
Thebaine (paramorphine), also known as codeine methyl enol ether, is an opiate alkaloid, its name coming from the Greek Θῆβαι, '' Thēbai'' (Thebes), an ancient city in Upper Egypt. A minor constituent of opium, thebaine is chemically similar to both morphine and codeine, but has stimulatory rather than depressant effects. At high doses, it causes convulsions similar to strychnine poisoning. The synthetic enantiomer (+)-thebaine does show analgesic effects apparently mediated through opioid receptors, unlike the inactive natural enantiomer (−)-thebaine. While thebaine is not used therapeutically, it is the main alkaloid extracted from ''Papaver bracteatum'' (Iranian opium / Persian poppy) and can be converted industrially into a variety of compounds, including hydrocodone, hydromorphone, oxycodone, oxymorphone, nalbuphine, naloxone, naltrexone, buprenorphine, butorphanol and etorphine. Thebaine is controlled under international law, is listed as a Class A drug under th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudomorphine Skeletal
Pseudomorphine (also known as oxydimorphine or dehydromorphine) is an inactive, natural dimerisation product of the morphine molecule in tandem and thus a common impurity in morphine concentrations. It was first described by Pelletier in 1835. This compound may be synthesized by the oxidative coupling of morphine by potassium ferricyanide. Pseudomorphine contributes very little to morphine's effects. It produces no effects in the central nervous or gastrointestinal systems, but it might have some effects on the circulatory system. See also *Thebaine (paramorphine) *Morphine-N-oxide *Morphine-3-glucuronide *Morphine-6-glucuronide Morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) is a major active metabolite of morphine. M6G is formed from morphine by the enzyme UGT2B7. It has analgesic effects more potent than morphine. M6G can accumulate to toxic levels in kidney failure. History of disco ... References 4,5-Epoxymorphinans {{analgesic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morphin - Morphine
Morphin may refer to the following: * Morphing, a graphics effect where one image seamlessly transitions into another * Morphine, a potent opiate analgesic and psychoactive drug * Morphin, the name of transformation sequence in the ''Power Rangers'' franchise ** ''Mighty Morphin Power Rangers'' See also * Morph (other) {{Disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codein - Codeine
Codeine is an opiate and prodrug of morphine mainly used to treat pain, coughing, and diarrhea. It is also commonly used as a recreational drug. It is found naturally in the sap of the opium poppy, ''Papaver somniferum''. It is typically used to treat mild to moderate degrees of pain. Greater benefit may occur when combined with paracetamol (acetaminophen) or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) such as aspirin or ibuprofen. Evidence does not support its use for acute cough suppression in children or adults. In Europe, it is not recommended as a cough medicine in those under 12 years of age. It is generally taken by mouth. It typically starts working after half an hour, with maximum effect at two hours. Its effects last for about four to six hours. Codeine exhibits abuse potential similar to other opioid medications. Common side effects include vomiting, constipation, itchiness, lightheadedness, and drowsiness. Serious side effects may include breathing difficultie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thebaine
Thebaine (paramorphine), also known as codeine methyl enol ether, is an opiate alkaloid, its name coming from the Greek Θῆβαι, '' Thēbai'' (Thebes), an ancient city in Upper Egypt. A minor constituent of opium, thebaine is chemically similar to both morphine and codeine, but has stimulatory rather than depressant effects. At high doses, it causes convulsions similar to strychnine poisoning. The synthetic enantiomer (+)-thebaine does show analgesic effects apparently mediated through opioid receptors, unlike the inactive natural enantiomer (−)-thebaine. While thebaine is not used therapeutically, it is the main alkaloid extracted from ''Papaver bracteatum'' (Iranian opium / Persian poppy) and can be converted industrially into a variety of compounds, including hydrocodone, hydromorphone, oxycodone, oxymorphone, nalbuphine, naloxone, naltrexone, buprenorphine, butorphanol and etorphine. Thebaine is controlled under international law, is listed as a Class A drug under the Mis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudomorphine
Pseudomorphine (also known as oxydimorphine or dehydromorphine) is an inactive, natural dimerisation product of the morphine molecule in tandem and thus a common impurity in morphine concentrations. It was first described by Pelletier in 1835. This compound may be synthesized by the oxidative coupling of morphine by potassium ferricyanide. Pseudomorphine contributes very little to morphine's effects. It produces no effects in the central nervous or gastrointestinal systems, but it might have some effects on the circulatory system. See also *Thebaine (paramorphine) *Morphine-N-oxide *Morphine-3-glucuronide *Morphine-6-glucuronide Morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) is a major active metabolite of morphine. M6G is formed from morphine by the enzyme UGT2B7. It has analgesic effects more potent than morphine. M6G can accumulate to toxic levels in kidney failure. History of disco ... References 4,5-Epoxymorphinans {{analgesic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oripavine
Oripavine is an opioid and the major metabolite of thebaine. It is the parent compound from which a series of semi-synthetic opioids are derived, which includes the compounds etorphine and buprenorphine. Although its analgesic potency is comparable to morphine, it is not used clinically due to its severe toxicity and low therapeutic index. Due to its use in manufacture of strong opioids, oripavine is a controlled substance in some jurisdictions. Pharmacological properties Oripavine possesses an analgesic potency comparable to morphine; however, it is not clinically useful due to severe toxicity and low therapeutic index. In both mice and rats, toxic doses caused tonic-clonic seizures followed by death, similar to thebaine. Oripavine has a potential for dependence which is significantly greater than that of thebaine but slightly less than that of morphine. Bridged derivatives Of much greater relevance are the properties of the orvinols, a large family of semi-synthetic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Smoking")
