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List Of Date Palm Diseases
This article is a list of diseases of date palms (''Phoenix dactylifera''). Fungal diseases Nematodes, parasitic Insect pests Bacteria References {{reflist External links Common Names of Diseases The American Phytopathological Society Lists of plant diseases, Date palm Palm diseases Date palm, Disease Fruit diseases, Date ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Date Palm
''Phoenix dactylifera'', commonly known as date or date palm, is a flowering plant species in the palm family, Arecaceae, cultivated for its edible sweet fruit called dates. The species is widely cultivated across northern Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia, and is naturalized in many tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. ''P. dactylifera'' is the type species of genus ''Phoenix'', which contains 12–19 species of wild date palms. Date trees reach up to in height, growing singly or forming a clump with several stems from a single root system. Slow-growing, they can reach over 100 years of age when maintained properly. Date fruits (dates) are oval-cylindrical, long, and about in diameter, with colour ranging from dark brown to bright red or yellow, depending on variety. Containing 61–68 percent sugar by mass when dried, dates are very sweet and are enjoyed as desserts on their own or within confections. Dates have been cultivated in the Middle East and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pratylenchus Penetrans
''Pratylenchus penetrans'' is a species of nematode in the genus ''Pratylenchus'', the lesion nematodes. It occurs in temperate regions worldwide, regions between the subtropics and the polar circles. It is an animal that inhabits the roots of a wide variety of plants and results in necrotic lesions on the roots. Symptoms of ''P. penetrans'' make it hard to distinguish from other plant pathogens; only an assay of soil can conclusively diagnose a nematode problem in the field. ''P. penetrans'' is physically very similar to other nematode species, but is characterized by its highly distinctive mouthpiece. ''P. penetrans'' uses its highly modified mouth organs to rupture the outer surface of subterranean plant root structures. It will then enter into the root interior and feed on the plant tissue inside. ''P. penetrans'' is considered to be a crop parasite and farmers will often treat their soil with various pesticides in an attempt to eliminate the damage caused by an infestation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meloidogyne Javanica
''Meloidogyne javanica'' is a species of plant-pathogenic nematodes. It is one of the tropical root-knot nematodes and a major agricultural pest in many countries. It has many hosts. ''Meloidogyne javanica'' reproduces by obligatory mitotic parthenogenesis (apomixis). Hosts ''Meloidogyne javanica'' is a nematode pathogen that affects over 770 species of plants (Cabi 2018). The hosts of this pathogen include both weeds and crops of economic importance. Those of economic importance include tea, grapevine, vegetables, fruit trees, cereals, and ornamentals (Cabi 2018). ''Meloidogyne javanica'' is considered an agricultural pest, as it is extremely abundant and damaging (Alford 2012). Symptoms Because there are so many different hosts for this pathogen, the symptoms are very variable. Common symptoms include abnormal leaf color, abnormal leaf form, wilting leaves, galls, swollen roots, reduced root system, dwarfing and senescence (Cabi 2018). This pathogen does the most damage w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meloidogyne Incognita
''Meloidogyne incognita'' (root-knot nematode - RKN), also known as the "southern root-nematode" or "cotton root-knot nematode" is a plant-parasitic roundworm in the family Heteroderidae. This nematode is one of the four most common species worldwide and has numerous hosts. It typically incites large, usually irregular galls on roots as a result of parasitism. ''Meloidogyne incognita'' can move along shallower temperature gradients (0.001C/cm) than any other known organism, an example of thermotaxis. The response is complicated and thought to allow the nematodes to move toward an appropriate level in soil, while they search for chemical cues that can guide them to specific roots.Diez and Dusenbery. 1989. Repellent of root-knot nematodes from the exudate of host roots. J. Chem. Ecol. 15:2445-2455. Distribution ''Meloidogyne incognita'' is widely spread around the globe and found in many different soil types. Host ''Meloidogyne incognita'' is probably the most economically ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meloidogyne Hapla
Northern root-knot nematode (''Meloidogyne hapla'') is a species of vegetable pathogens which produces tiny galls on around 550 crop and weed species. They invade root tissue after birth. Females are able to lay up to 1,000 eggs at a time in a large egg mass. By surviving harsh winters, they can survive in cold climates (hence, the name, Northern). Hosts and symptoms ''Meloidogyne hapla'' (Northern root-knot nematode) has a wide host range. It is polyphagous and affects over 550 crops and weeds. It feeds on many agricultural and horticultural plants (vegetables, fruits, ornamentals), but few grasses or cereals. A list of known hosts can be found at the bottom of this page. Symptoms can be seen in the roots, leaves, and the overall growth of the infected plant. In roots, there may be stunting, wilting, and the formation of abnormal growths called galls. Galls are usually small and spherical and are situated near many small roots. They are formed when the nematode enters the roo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meloidogyne Arenaria
''Meloidogyne arenaria'' is a species of plant pathogenic nematodes. This nematode is also known as the ''peanut root knot nematode''. The word "''Meloidogyne''" is derived from two Greek words that mean "apple-shaped" and "female".Howard Ferris 1999 to 2011 http://plpnemweb.ucdavis.edu/nemaplex/taxadata/G076S1.htm. The peanut root knot nematode, ''M. arenaria'' is one of the "major" ''Meloidogyne'' species because of its worldwide economic importance.Chitwood, 1949 (Neal, 1889) Meloidogyne arenaria. http://nematode.unl.edu/wormaren.htm ''M. arenaria'' is a predominant nematode species in the United States attacking peanut in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and Texas.J. L. Starr and E. R. Morgan, Management of the Peanut Root-knot Nematode, Meloidogyne arenaria, with Host Resistance. Department of Plant Pathology, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A&M University, TAMU 2132, College Station http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/php/management/rootknot/ The most damagin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fusarium Moniliforme
''Fusarium verticillioides'' is the most commonly reported fungal species infecting maize (''Zea mays''). ''Fusarium verticillioides'' is the accepted name of the species, which was also known as ''Fusarium moniliforme''. The species has also been described as mating population A of the ''Fusarium fujikuroi'' species complex (formally known as ''Gibberella fujikuroi'' species complex). ''F. verticllioides'' produces the mutagenic chemical compound fusarin C. ''F. verticillioides'' produces a group of disease-causing mycotoxins—fumonisins—on infected kernels. Control The growth of all strains of ''F. verticillioides'' is significantly inhibited by an iodine-containing fungistatic Fungistatics are anti-fungal agents that inhibit the growth of fungus (without killing the fungus). The term ''fungistatic'' may be used as both a noun and an adjective. Fungistatics have applications in agriculture, the food industry, the paint ind ... (AJ1629-34EC) at concentrations that do not har ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladosporium Herbarum
''Cladosporium herbarum'' is a common fungus found worldwide in organic and inorganic matter. It is efficiently distributed in the air, where it exists as the most frequently occurring fungal species. It can grow over a wide range of temperatures including very cold environments, giving it the ability to grow on refrigerated meat and form "black spots". Its high prevalence in the air and production of allergens makes ''C. herbarum'' an important exacerbant of asthma and hay fever. Prevalence ''Cladosporium herbarum'' is the type species of the genus ''Cladosporium''. Its spores are highly prevalent in the air; the genus ''Cladosporium'' is the dominant genus of spores found in the air, with the ''C. herbarum'' species contributing the highest percentage to this group. These airborne spores are more common during the summer and fall seasons; in the summer there can be as many as 15,000 spores per m3 air of ''C. herbarum''. ''Cladosporium herbarum'' is also found all over the worl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycosphaerella Tassiana
''Davidiella tassiana'' is a fungal plant pathogen infecting several hosts, including '' Iris barnumiae subsp. demawendica'' in Iran. Infected plant species ''Davidiella tassiana'' has a wide range of host species. These include:Helgi Hallgrímsson & Guðríður Gyða Eyjólfsdóttir (2004)''Íslenskt sveppatal I - smásveppir'' [Checklist of Icelandic Fungi I - Microfungi Fjölrit Náttúrufræðistofnunar. Náttúrufræðistofnun Íslands [Icelandic Institute of Natural History]. ISSN 1027-832X *''Agrostis canina'' *''Agrostis stolonifera'' *''Anthoxanthum odoratum'' *''Arabis petraea'' *''Bistorta vivipara'' *''Carex bigelowii'' *''Carex capitata'' *''Draba incana'' *'' Draba nivalis'' *'' Deschampsia caespitosa'' *''Epilobium latifolium'' *'' Galium normanii'' *''Gentianella amarella'' ssp. ''septentrionalis'' *''Hierochloe odorata'' *'' Juncus alpinus'' *''Juncus articulatus'' *''Juncus triglumis'' *'' Luzula arcuata'' *''Poa alpina'' *'' Poa glauca'' *''Poa nemoralis'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pestalotia Palmarum
''Pestalotiopsis palmarum'' is the causative agent of a fungal disease of bananas, coconut and Date palms . The fungus causes leaf spots, petiole/ rachis blights and sometimes bud rot of palms. Unlike other leaf spot and blight diseases, ''Pestalotiopsis palmarun'' attacks all parts of the leaf from the base to the tip. Whereas most diseases only infect the leaf blade or the leaf petiole. Host The fungus has been isolated from a wide variety of palm tissue. The fungus is not host specific so the disease could be present in many more types of palm, but further research needs to be done. The fungus has also been known to infect pygmy date palm ('' Phoenix roebelenii'') and has been a big problem in Florida during the winter months. Some varieties of bananas have also shown symptoms of the disease, but it is unclear if it is in fact ''Pestalotiopsis palmarum''. Symptoms It has been shown that the fungus usually requires wounds to infect the plant and necessary for the fungus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pestalotiopsis Palmarum
''Pestalotiopsis palmarum'' is the causative agent of a fungal disease of bananas, coconut and Date palms . The fungus causes leaf spots, petiole/rachis blights and sometimes bud rot of palms. Unlike other leaf spot and blight diseases, ''Pestalotiopsis palmarun'' attacks all parts of the leaf from the base to the tip. Whereas most diseases only infect the leaf blade or the leaf petiole. Host The fungus has been isolated from a wide variety of palm tissue. The fungus is not host specific so the disease could be present in many more types of palm, but further research needs to be done. The fungus has also been known to infect pygmy date palm (''Phoenix roebelenii'') and has been a big problem in Florida during the winter months. Some varieties of bananas have also shown symptoms of the disease, but it is unclear if it is in fact ''Pestalotiopsis palmarum''. Symptoms It has been shown that the fungus usually requires wounds to infect the plant and necessary for the fungus to d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
