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Limi Language
Limi (autonym: ') is a Loloish language spoken in Yongde, Fengqing, and Yun counties of western Yunnan province, China. Distribution Limi is spoken in the following locations. *Yongde County (Wumulong 乌木龙彝族乡 and Yalian 亚练乡 Townships) *Southern Guodazhai Township 郭大寨彝族白族乡, Fengqing County (pop. 4,000) *Southeastern Yingpan Township 营盘镇, Fengqing County * Yun County (pop. 1,000) Yang (2017) reports that Limi is spoken by about 20,000 people in Yongde, Fengqing, and Yun counties. Limi speakers make up 70% of the 26,000 people living in Wumulong Township (乌木龙乡), Yongde County, Yunnan. About 2,600 members of a nearby ethnic group called "Luo" (倮族) (likely Lolopo) also live in and around Wumulong. Classification Limi is likely most closely related to Lolopo, but also has many Lalo loanwords. History Limi speakers likely migrated from Jingdong County during the early 1300s, first arriving in Bangmai Village (邦卖/班卖), Fengqi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yunnan
Yunnan , () is a landlocked Provinces of China, province in Southwest China, the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 48.3 million (as of 2018). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the Chinese provinces of Guizhou, Sichuan, autonomous regions of Guangxi, and Tibet Autonomous Region, Tibet as well as Southeast Asian countries: Vietnam, Laos, and Myanmar. Yunnan is China's fourth least developed province based on disposable income per capita in 2014. Yunnan is situated in a mountainous area, with high elevations in the northwest and low elevations in the southeast. Most of the population lives in the eastern part of the province. In the west, the altitude can vary from the mountain peaks to river valleys by as much as . Yunnan is rich in natural resources and has the largest diversity of plant life in China. Of the approximately 30,000 species of Vascular plant, higher plants in China, Yu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tibeto-Burman Languages
The Tibeto-Burman languages are the non-Sinitic members of the Sino-Tibetan language family, over 400 of which are spoken throughout the Southeast Asian Massif ("Zomia") as well as parts of East Asia and South Asia. Around 60 million people speak Tibeto-Burman languages. The name derives from the most widely spoken of these languages, Burmese and the Tibetic languages, which also have extensive literary traditions, dating from the 12th and 7th centuries respectively. Most of the other languages are spoken by much smaller communities, and many of them have not been described in detail. Though the division of Sino-Tibetan into Sinitic and Tibeto-Burman branches (e.g. Benedict, Matisoff) is widely used, some historical linguists criticize this classification, as the non-Sinitic Sino-Tibetan languages lack any shared innovations in phonology or morphology to show that they comprise a clade of the phylogenetic tree. History During the 18th century, several scholars noticed parallels ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lolo–Burmese Languages
The Lolo-Burmese languages (also Burmic languages) of Burma and Southern China form a coherent branch of the Sino-Tibetan family. Names Until ca. 1950, the endonym ''Lolo'' was written with derogatory characters in Chinese, and for this reason has sometimes been avoided. Shafer (1966–1974) used the term "Burmic" for the Lolo-Burmese languages. The Chinese term is ''Mian–Yi'', after the Chinese name for Burmese and one of several words for Tai, reassigned to replace ''Lolo'' by the Chinese government after 1950. Possible languages The position of Naxi (Moso) within the family is unclear, and it is often left as a third branch besides Loloish and Burmish. Lama (2012) considers it to be a branch of Loloish, while Guillaume Jacques has suggested that it is a Qiangic language. The Pyu language that preceded Burmese in Burma is sometimes linked to the Lolo-Burmese family, but there is no good evidence for any particular classification, and it is best left unclassified withi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loloish Languages
The Loloish languages, also known as Yi in China and occasionally Ngwi or Nisoic, are a family of fifty to a hundred Sino-Tibetan languages spoken primarily in the Yunnan province of China. They are most closely related to Burmese and its relatives. Both the Loloish and Burmish branches are well defined, as is their superior node, Lolo-Burmese. However, subclassification is more contentious. SIL Ethnologue (2013 edition) estimated a total number of 9 million native speakers of Ngwi languages, the largest group being the speakers of Nuosu (Northern Yi) at 2 million speakers (2000 PRC census). Names ''Loloish'' is the traditional name for the family. Some publications avoid the term under the misapprehension that ''Lolo'' is pejorative, but it is the Chinese rendition of the autonym of the Yi people and is pejorative only when it is written with a particular Chinese character (one that uses a beast, rather than a human, radical), a practice that was prohibited by the Chinese g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lisoish Languages
The Lisoish languages are a branch of the Loloish languages proposed by Ziwo Lama (2012) that includes Lisu and several of the Yi languages. David Bradley (1997) considers Lisoish languages to be part of the Central Loloish branch. Languages and classifications Lama (2012) David Bradley (2007)Bradley, David. 2007. East and Southeast Asia. In Moseley, Christopher (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages'', 349-424. London & New York: Routledge. considers Lisu, Lipo, and Lamu to form a ''Lisoid'' subgroup. Other Lisoish languages are: * Miqie (Micha) * Lamu *Limi *''Lalo languages'': Lalo, Yangliu, Eka, Mangdi, Xuzhang *''Taloid languages'': Talu, Lavu, Lang'e, Tagu, Popei, Naruo, Kua-nsi, Kuamasi, Laizisi, Zibusi, Sonaga, Gomotage The following two of the six Yi languages (''fangyan'' 方言) officially recognized by the Chinese government belong to Lama's Lisoish clade. (The remaining four are Nisoish.) *Western Yi ( Lalo 腊罗) *Central Yi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exonym And Endonym
An endonym (from Greek: , 'inner' + , 'name'; also known as autonym) is a common, ''native'' name for a geographical place, group of people, individual person, language or dialect, meaning that it is used inside that particular place, group, or linguistic community in question; it is their self-designated name for themselves, their homeland, or their language. An exonym (from Greek: , 'outer' + , 'name'; also known as xenonym) is an established, ''non-native'' name for a geographical place, group of people, individual person, language or dialect, meaning that it is used only outside that particular place, group, or linguistic community. Exonyms exist not only for historico-geographical reasons but also in consideration of difficulties when pronouncing foreign words. For instance, is the endonym for the country that is also known by the exonym ''Germany'' in English, in Spanish and in French. Naming and etymology The terms ''autonym'', ''endonym'', ''exonym'' and '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yongde County
Yongde County () is a county in the west of Yunnan province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Lincang. Administrative divisions Yongde County has 3 towns, 5 townships and 2 ethnic townships. ;3 towns * Dedang () * Xiaomengtong () * Yongkang () ;5 townships ;2 ethnic townships * Wumulong Yi ( * Daxueshan Yi Lahu and Dai ( Ethnic groups The ''Yongde County Gazetteer'' (1994:115) lists the following ethnic groups. *Limi Limi Valley is a high-altitude valley that forms the northernmost part of the Humla District of north-western Nepal. To its north, the Limi valley borders the Purang County of Tibet, China. Administrative Limi is a ward council of the Namkha ru ... 利米 (Lami branch 腊米支系) *Luoren 倮人 (Gaisu branch 改苏支系) *Xiangtang 香堂 (Lalu branch 腊鲁支系) *Menghua Turen 蒙化土人 (Laluo branch 腊罗支系) *Samadu 撒马堵人 (Samo branch 洒摩支系) *Pengzi 棚子 *Suan 蒜人 Climate Reference ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fengqing County
Fengqing County () is located in Lincang City, Yunnan province, China. During the Ming Dynasty The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last ort ... it was a frontier known as Shunning Prefecture (). Administrative divisions Fengqing County has 8 towns, 2 townships and 3 ethnic townships. ;8 towns ;2 townships * Shili () * Dasi () ;3 ethnic townships * Xinhua Yi and Miao () * Yaojie Yi () * Guodazhai Yi and Bai () Ethnic groups The ''Fengqing County Gazetteer'' (1993) lists the following ethnic groups. *Miao: 3,501 persons (1990) **Green Miao 青苗 / Mengsa 蒙撒 / Mengzhua 蒙爪 **White Miao 白苗 / Mengdou 蒙豆 / Mengchu 蒙处 / Baijia 白家 **Flowery Miao 花苗 / Mengzai 蒙栽 *Bulang 1,276 persons (1990); autonyms: Benren 本人, Laobenren 老本人 **Dalise 大 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yun County, Yunnan
Yun County or Yunxian () is a county in the west of Yunnan province, China. It is the easternmost county-level division of the prefecture-level city of Lincang. Administrative divisions Yun County has 7 towns, 2 townships and 3 ethnic townships. ;7 towns ;2 townships * Xiaojie () * Chafang () ;3 ethnic townships * Manghuai Yi and Bulang () * Lishu Yi and Dai () * Houqing Yi () Ethnic groups According to the ''Yun County Gazetteer'' (2006:527), the Limi (), a Yi subgroup, and Dai, both located in Xingfu Township (), preserve both their traditional clothing and language. However, the following peoples preserve their language, but not their traditional clothing. *Xiangtang 香堂: Xinmin 新民, Dazhai Township 大寨镇 *Tuli 土里: Shaojie 哨街 and Houshan 后山 of Maolan Township 茂兰镇 *Luoluo 倮倮: Hewai 河外, Aihua Township 爱华镇 Transportation *China National Highway 214 China National Highway 214 (G214) runs from Xining, Qinghai to Jinghong, Yunna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lolopo Language
Lolopo (autonyms: ', '; ; Central Yi) is a Loloish language spoken by half a million Yi people of China. Chinese linguists call it "Central Yi" as well, which is one of the six Yi languages recognized by the government of China. Names Lolo speakers are referred to by a variety of exonyms. Below is a list of exonyms followed by their respective autonyms and demographics.Yang, Cathryn. 2011. ''Assessment of the Lolo languages: Current understanding and recommended next steps''. m.s. * Mili: ' (spoken by about 12,000 people in Jingdong County). Also called ''Alie''. *Enipu 厄尼蒲 (' 'water buffalo people', an offensive exonym used by Lalo speakers): ' (spoken in Nanjian County). Spoken by nearly 20,000 people in Weishan County (Qinghua Township) and Nanjian County (in Wuliang, Xiaowandong, and Langcang townships) *Tu 土 (Tuzu 土族): ' (spoken by nearly 10,000 people in southern Xiangyun County) *Qiangyi 羌夷: ' (spoken by nearly 15,000 people in northern and central Xiang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lalo Language
Lalo (; Western Yi) is a Loloish language cluster spoken in western Yunnan, China by 300,000 speakers. Speakers are officially part of the Yi nationality, and Chinese linguists refer to it as "Western Yi" due to its distribution in western Yunnan. Lalo speakers are mostly located in southern Dali Prefecture, especially Weishan County, considered the traditional homeland of the Lalo.Yang, Cathryn. 2009. ''Regional variation in Lalo: Beyond east and west''. La Trobe Papers in Linguistics, 12. http://arrow.latrobe.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.9/146522. Historically, this area is the home of the Meng clan, who ruled the Nanzhao Kingdom (737–902 CE). Many speakers of Core Lalo dialects claim to be descendants of the Meng clan. Names Many Lalo are referred to by the exonym ''Menghua'' (蒙化), a name used during the Yuan Dynasty to refer to an area comprising modern-day Weishan County and Nanjian County (Yang 2010:12). They are also referred to as ''Tujia'' ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jingdong County
Jingdong Yi Autonomous County () is an autonomous county in the west-central part of Yunnan Province, China. It is the northernmost county-level division of the prefecture-level city of Pu'er. Administrative divisions In the present, Jingdong Yi Autonomous County has 10 towns and 3 townships. ;10 towns ;3 townships * Mandeng () * Longjie () * Linjie () Ethnic groups The Hani of Jingdong (autonym: Kaduo 卡多) numbered 10,861 individuals as of 1990 and live primarily in Wenjing , Zhehou , and Huashan townships. The ''Jingdong County Ethnic Gazetteer'' (2012:209) reports that are about 200 ethnic Bulang in Manbeng Village , Dachaoshandong Town . According to the ''Jingdong County Gazetteer'' (1994:519), ethnic Yao numbered 3,889 individuals in 1990, and lived mainly in Chaqing and Dasongshu of Taizhong . Yao language speakers, known as the Lewu Yao , were found in Puya Village , Chaqing Township (''Jingdong County Ethnic Gazetteer'' 2012:144). The ''Jingdong County Eth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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