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Laure-Therese Cros
Laure-Therese Cros (December 22, 1856, Paris, France – May 12, 1916, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France) was a pretender to the throne of Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia. Early life Born December 22, 1856, in Paris, France, to Antoine-Hippolyte Cros and Leonilda Mendès e Texeira. She married Louis Marie Bernard on November 14, 1877, and was the mother to three sons: Etienne Bernard, Jacques Antoine Bernard who succeeded her as the sovereign of Araucania, and Andre Bernard. Laure-Therese was the niece of Charles Cros poet and inventor, and Henry Cros ( :fr: Henry Cros), the French poet, painter and sculptor. Her Uncle Henry created a medallion showing the young Laure-Therese. She died February 12, 1916, in Issy-les-Moulineaux, France. Pretender to the throne of Araucanía and Patagonia On August 28, 1873, the Criminal Court of Paris ruled that Antoine de Tounens, first "king of Araucania and Patagonia" did not justify his status of the sovereign. Since the death of An ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the world's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, fashion, gastronomy, and science. For its leading role in the arts and sciences, as well as its very early system of street lighting, in the 19th century it became known as "the City of Light". Like London, prior to the Second World War, it was also sometimes called the capital of the world. The City of Paris is the centre of the Île-de-France region, or Paris Region, with an estimated population of 12,262,544 in 2019, or about 19% of the population of France, making the region France's primate city. The Paris Region had a GDP of €739 billion ($743 billion) in 2019, which is the highest in Europe. According to the Economist Intelli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its Metropolitan France, metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea; overseas territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean. Due to its several coastal territories, France has the largest exclusive economic zone in the world. France borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Monaco, Italy, Andorra, and Spain in continental Europe, as well as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Netherlands, Suriname, and Brazil in the Americas via its overseas territories in French Guiana and Saint Martin (island), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Araucanía And Patagonia
The Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia ( es, Reino de la Araucanía y de la Patagonia; french: Royaume d'Araucanie et de Patagonie, sometimes referred to as ''New France'') was an unrecognized state declared by two ordinances on November 17, 1860 and November 20, 1860 from Antoine de Tounens, a French lawyer and adventurer, who claimed that the regions of Araucanía and eastern Patagonia did not depend of any other states and proclaimed himself king of Araucanía and Patagonia. He had the support of some Mapuche lonkos around a small area in Araucanía, who thought they could help maintain independence from the Chilean and Argentinian governments. Arrested on January 5, 1862 by the Chilean authorities, Antoine de Tounens was imprisoned and declared insane on September 2, 1862 by the court of Santiago and expelled to France on October 28, 1862. He later tried three times to return to Araucania to reclaim his "kingdom" without success. History In 1858, Antoine de Tounens, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antoine-Hippolyte Cros
Antoine-Hippolyte Cros (10 May 1833 – 1 November 1903) was a French surgeon and pretender to the throne of the defunct Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia. Personal Antoine-Hippolyte Cros was born in Lagrasse, France, on 10 May 1833, to the philosopher Simon Charles Henry Cros (1803–1876) and Josephine Thor. He was the grandson of grammarian Antoine Cros (1769–1844). He was also the brother of the poet and inventor of the phonograph, Charles Cros (1842–1888) and the painter and sculptor Henry Cros (1840–1907) ( :fr: Henry Cros). Antoine-Hippolyte was married in Paris on 5 March 1856 to Leonilda Méndez de Texeira, an aristocratic lady of Portuguese origin. The couple had two children, Laure-Therese Cros (22 December 1856 – 12 February 1916), who succeeded him as Queen of Araucania and Patagonia, and Juliette Cros (20 November 1868 – 27 April 1945). Pretender to the throne of Araucanía and Patagonia On 28 August 1873 the Criminal Court of Paris ruled that Ant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques Antoine Bernard
Jacques Antoine Bernard was a French writer and editor of the Mercure de France, an important literary journal. He was also a pretender to the throne of the defunct Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia. Personal Born Jacques Alexandre Antoine Bernard, on April 11, 1888 in Paris, France, he was the son of Laure-Theresa Cros-Bernard, fourth sovereign of the Kingdom of Araucania and Patagonia. His father was Louis Marie Bernard. He was married three times: in 1907 to Andree Emilie Coquelin, in 1915 to Suzanne Anna Eugenie Legat and in 1931 to Ingrid Moller. His union with Ingrid Moller produced one daughter, N. N. Bernard. Jacques Antoine Bernard died in Paris on October 26, 1952. Professional Bernard was a writer and editor working for ''Mercure de France''. In 1938, he was named editor, a position he held until 1945. After the war, Bernard was convicted of collaboration with the Nazis. Pretender to the throne of Araucanía and Patagonia On August 28, 1873 the Criminal C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pretender
A pretender is someone who claims to be the rightful ruler of a country although not recognized as such by the current government. The term is often used to suggest that a claim is not legitimate.Curley Jr., Walter J. P. ''Monarchs-in-Waiting''. New York, 1973, pp. 4, 10. . The word may refer to a former monarch or a descendant of a deposed monarchy, although this type of claimant is also referred to as a head of a house. The word was popularized by Queen Anne, who used it to refer to her Roman Catholic half-brother James Francis Edward Stuart, the Jacobite heir, in an address to Parliament in 1708: "The French fleet sailed from Dunkirk ... with the Pretender on board." In 1807 the French Emperor Napoleon complained that the ''Almanach de Gotha'' continued to list German princes whom he had deposed. This episode established that publication as the pre-eminent authority on the titles of deposed monarchs and nobility, many of which were restored in 1815 after the end of Napole ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Cros
Charles Cros or Émile-Hortensius-Charles Cros (October 1, 1842 – August 9, 1888) was a French poet and inventor. He was born in Fabrezan, Aude. Cros was a well-regarded poet and humorous writer. As an inventor, he was interested in the fields of transmitting graphics by telegraph and making photographs in color, but he is perhaps best known for being the first person to conceive a method for reproducing recorded sound, an invention he named the Paleophone. Charles Cros died in Paris at the age of 45. Early life and education Cros was born to the philosopher Simon Charles Henry Cros (1803–1876) and Josephine Thor. He was the grandson of grammarian Antoine Cros (1769–1844). Cros was the brother of and the painter and sculptor Henry Cros ( :fr: Henry Cros) (1840–1907) and of Antoine-Hippolyte Cros (1833-1903), a surgeon who was also pretender to the throne of the defunct Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia from March 6, 1902 until November 1, 1903, and the uncle of L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orélie-Antoine De Tounens
Orélie-Antoine de Tounens (born Antoine Tounens) (12 May 1825 – 17 September 1878) was a French lawyer and adventurer who proclaimed by two decrees on November 17, 1860 and November 20, 1860 that Araucanía and Patagonia did not depend of any other states and that he himself was King of Araucanía and Patagonia. On January 5, 1862, he was arrested by the Chilean army and imprisoned. He was declared insane by the court of Santiago on September 2, 1862, and expelled to France on 28 October 28, 1862. He tried three further times to come back to Araucanía to regain his "kingdom", but without success, and he died in poverty on 17 September, 1878, in Tourtoirac, France. Biography In 1858, Antoine de Tounens, a former lawyer in Périgueux (France) had read the book of Alonso de Ercilla, ''La Araucana'', and decided to go to Araucania, inspired by the book to become the King of Araucania. He landed at the port of Coquimbo in Chile and spent two years in Valparaíso and Santi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philippe Boiry
Philippe Paul Alexandre Henri Boiry (February 19, 1927 – January 5, 2014) was a journalist and a pretender to the throne of the Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia from October 26, 1952 to January 5, 2014. Personal life Philippe Paul Alexandre Henri Boiry was the son of Ferdinand Boiry and Jeanne Reynaud. In 1950 he married Jacqueline Marquain (1927-1978) and in 1996 he married Élisabeth Jeanne de Chavigny (1939-2006). He had no children from his two marriages. In 1980, he founded a school of communication in Levallois-Perret ( France). Pretender to the throne of Araucanía and Patagonia On August 28, 1873 the Criminal Court of Paris ruled that Antoine de Tounens, first "king of Araucania and Patagonia" did not justify his status of sovereign. Since the death of Antoine de Tounens, some French citizens without familial relations declared themselves to be pretenders to the throne of Araucania and Patagonia. Whether the Mapuche themselves accept this, or are even aware o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pretenders
{{disambiguation ...
Pretenders may refer to: * The Pretenders, a rock band ** ''Pretenders'' (album), the 1980 debut album by the group * ''Pretenders'' (TV series), a 1972 British television series * ''The Pretenders'' (play) (Norwegian: ''Kongs-Emnerne''), an 1863 play by Henrik Ibsen * ''The Pretenders'' (novel), a 1962 novel by F. Sionil José. * Pretenders, aspiring gods in the strategy game '' Dominions: Priests, Prophets and Pretenders'' and sequels * ''The Pretenders'' (2018 film), an American drama film * ''The Pretenders'' (1981 film), a Dutch film * ''The Pretenders'' (1916 film), a lost American silent film See also * Pretender (other) A pretender is a claimant to an abolished throne or to a throne already occupied by somebody else. Pretender or The Pretender may also refer to: Film and television * ''The Pretender'' (film), a 1947 American crime film * ''The Pretender'' ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
