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Kaladi Inscription
Kaladi inscription is a series of Javanese inscriptions engraved on copper plates dated from the year 831 Saka or 909 CE originated from the Kingdom of Mataram period. It was written in the form of prose in standard Kawi script with some variations, and using the Old Javanese language. This inscription was carved on copperplate (''tamra praśasti'') totaling 10 plates, however two plates are missing; the plate numbers 3 and 5. Today the 8 plates of Kaladi inscriptions are stored in the National Museum of Indonesia in Jakarta with inventory number E71. The Kaladi inscription was found in the area of Mount Penanggungan, East Java. The Kaladi inscription dated from early 10th century, during the reign of King Śrī Maharāja Rakai Watukura Dyah Balitung Śrī Dharmmodaya Mahāsambhu of Mataram Kingdom. King Balitung was the successor of Rakai Kayuwangi. This inscription is important and interesting, because it refers to banditry in ancient Java. The inscription also mentioned about f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Java
Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's List of islands by population, most populous island, home to approximately 56% of the Demographics of Indonesia, Indonesian population. Indonesia's capital city, Jakarta, is on Java's northwestern coast. Many of the best known events in Indonesian history took place on Java. It was the centre of powerful Hindu-Buddhist empires, the Islamic sultanates, and the core of the colonial Dutch East Indies. Java was also the center of the History of Indonesia, Indonesian struggle for independence during the 1930s and 1940s. Java dominates Indonesia politically, economically and culturally. Four of Indonesia's eight UNESCO world heritage sites are located in Java: Ujung Kulon National Park, Borobudur Temple, Prambanan Temple, and Sangiran Early Man Site. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Champa
Champa (Cham: ꨌꩌꨛꨩ; km, ចាម្ប៉ា; vi, Chiêm Thành or ) were a collection of independent Cham polities that extended across the coast of what is contemporary central and southern Vietnam from approximately the 2nd century AD until 1832, when it was annexed by the Vietnamese Empire under its emperor Minh Mạng. The kingdom was known variously as ''Nagaracampa'' ( sa, नगरचम्पः), ''Champa'' (ꨌꩌꨛꨩ) in modern Cham, and ''Châmpa'' () in the Khmer inscriptions, ''Chiêm Thành'' in Vietnamese and ''Zhànchéng'' (Mandarin: 占城) in Chinese records. The Kingdoms of Champa and the Chams contribute profound and direct impacts to the history of Vietnam, Southeast Asia, as well as their present day. Early Champa, evolved from local seafaring Austronesian Chamic Sa Huỳnh culture off the coast of modern-day Vietnam. The emergence of Champa at the late 2nd century AD shows testimony of early Southeast Asian statecrafting and crucial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Universitas Indonesia
The University of Indonesia ( id, Universitas Indonesia, abbreviated as UI) is a public university in Depok, West Java and Salemba, Jakarta, Indonesia. It is one of the oldest tertiary-level educational institutions in Indonesia (known as the Dutch East Indies when UI was established), and is generally considered one of the most prestigious universities in Indonesia, along with the Gadjah Mada University and Bandung Institute of Technology. In the 2019 QS World Universities Ranking, UI is ranked 1st in Indonesia, 57th in Asia and 292nd in the world. History The roots of UI date back to 1851. At that time, the colonial government of the Dutch East Indies established a school to train medical assistants. Training lasted for two years, and the graduates were certified to provide basic medical treatments. The degree conferred was Javanese Doctor, as the graduates were certified only to open their practice in the Dutch East Indies, especially Java. The program became more comprehe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mantyasih Inscription
The Mantyasih inscription (also known as Balitung charter and Kedu inscription) is an important inscription found and kept by Li Djok Ban in Ngadireja Parakan Temanggung, then the inscription was brought by one of the princes of Surakarta to be brought to Surakarta and is now stored in the Radyapustaka Museum, Central Java, Indonesia. It is dated to 907 and was created by King Balitung from the Sanjaya dynasty, of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom. This inscription contains a genealogy of the kings of Mataram before King Balitung. The inscription mentions that Mantyasih village was awarded by King Balitung as ''sima'' (tax free) land. In Mateseh village today a stone mortar believed to be used during ''sima'' ceremony can still be found. Two mountains are also mentioned: Mount Susundara and Wukir Sumbing (today Mount Sundoro and Sumbing).Selayang Pandang: Sejarah', Situs Resmi Pemerintah Kota Magelang, Dinas Perhubungan, Komunikasi dan Informatika Kota Magelang, © 2009. Retrieved 23 De ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shivagrha Inscription
The Shivagrha inscription is an inscription from the Mataram Kingdom of Central Java, dated in ''chandrasengkala'' (chronogram) ''”Wwalung Gunung sang wiku”'', that is, the year 856 CE (or 778 in the native Saka Calendar). The inscription was inscribed by order of Dyah Lokapala (Rakai Kayuwangi) right after the end of Rakai Pikatan's reign, and gave a detailed description of a grand temple compound dedicated to Shiva called ''Shivagrha'' ("the House of Shiva"), corresponding to the Prambanan temple compound. A public water project to change the course of a river near Shivagrha Temple is also mentioned in this inscription. The river, identified as the Opak River, now runs north to south on the western side of the Prambanan temple compound. Historians suggest that originally the river was curved further to east and was deemed too near to the main temple. The project was done by cutting the river along a north to south axis along the outer wall of the Shivagrha Temple compound. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tri Tepusan Inscription
The Tri Tepusan inscription is an inscription discovered in Kedu Plain, Temanggung Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, dated from 842 CE. This inscription is linked with the Borobudur Buddhist monument. Contents The inscription mentioned about the ''sima'' (tax-free) lands in Tri Tepusan village awarded by Çrī Kahulunnan (Pramodhawardhani) to ensure the funding and maintenance of a ''Kamūlān'' called ''Bhūmisambhāra''. ''Kamūlān'' itself from the word ''mula'' which means 'the place of origin', a sacred building to honor the ancestors, probably the ancestors of the Sailendras. Casparis suggested that ''Bhūmi Sambhāra Bhudhāra'' which in Sanskrit means "The mountain of combined virtues of the ten stages of Boddhisattvahood", was the original name of Borobudur. See also *Canggal inscription (732) *Kalasan inscription (778) *Kelurak inscription (782) *Karangtengah inscription (824) *Mantyasih inscription (907) *Laguna Copperplate Inscription (900) *Shivagrha inscription (856) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karangtengah Inscription
Karangtengah inscription (also known as Kayumwungan inscription) is the inscriptions written on five pieces of stones dated 746 Saka or 824 CE, discovered in Karangtengah hamlet, Temanggung Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The inscription was written in ancient Javanese script in two languages; Old Javanese and Sanskrit. The lines 1-24 was written in Sanskrit, the rest of the lines was written in old Javanese. The inscription is linked with the temple Borobudur and Mendut Contents The parts written in Sanskrit mentioned about a king named Samaratungga. His daughter named Pramodhawardhani has inaugurated a ''Jinalaya'' (Sanskrit meaning:Jain temple and the realm of those have conquer worldly desire and reach enlightenment called jina which is also a common epithet of the Buddha which is most likely the intended meaning here ), a sacred Jina sanctuary. The inscription also mentioned a sacred buddhist building called ''Venuvana'' (Sankirt: bamboo forest) to place the cremated ashes of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kelurak Inscription
The Kelurak inscription is an inscription dated 704 Saka (782 CE), written in Sanskrit with Pranagari script, discovered near Lumbung temple in Kelurak village, Central Java, Indonesia. Lumbung temple is a bit north of Prambanan temple in Yogyakarta. The writings on the inscription were discovered in poor condition with several parts being unclear and unreadable, as a result historians could only translate the main information of the inscription. Contents The inscription mentioned the construction of a sacred buddhist building to house the ''Manjusri'' statue that contains the wisdom of Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha; the same trinity as Brahma, Vishnu and Maheshvara. The construction of this sacred building was ordered by King Indra, revered in his official name ''Sri Sanggramadhananjaya''. The reference to Hindu gods in this Buddhist temple signify the Tantrayana—Vajrayana buddhism influence. The temple dedicated to Manjusri is identified as Sewu temple, located not far north ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalasan Inscription
The Kalasan inscription is an inscription dated 700 Saka (778 CE), discovered in Kalasan village, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The inscription was written in Sanskrit with Pranagari script (Northern India). This is the first inscription discovered in Indonesia that mentioned the dynastic name of Sailendra as ''Sailendravamça''. Contents The inscription mentioned about ''Guru Sang Raja Sailendravamçatilaka'' (Teacher of the King, the Jewel of Sailendra family) that succeed to persuade Maharaja Tejapurnapana Panangkaran (in other part of the inscription also called as Kariyana Panangkaran) to construct a holy building for (Bodhisattvadevi) Tara and also build a Vihara (monastery) for Buddhist monks from Sailendra family's realm. Panangkaran donated the ''Kalaça'' village to Sangha (Buddhist monastic community).Soetarno, Drs. R. second edition (2002). "Aneka Candi Kuno di Indonesia" (Ancient Temples in Indonesia), pp. 41. Dahara Prize. Semarang. . The temple dedicat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canggal Inscription
The Canggal inscription is a Sanskrit inscription dated to 732, discovered in the Gunung Wukir temple complex in Kadiluwih village, Salam, Magelang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The inscription is written in the Pallava alphabet. The inscription documents an edict of Sri Sanjaya, Sanjaya, in which he declared himself the universal ruler of Medang Kingdom, Medang. Content The inscription describes the erection of a ''lingam'' (the symbol of Shiva) on the country of Kunjarakunja, by Sanjaya's order. The ''lingam'' is sited on the noble island of Yava (Java), which the inscription describes as "rich in grain and gold mines". Yawadwipa ("Java island"), and had long been under the rule of the wise and virtuous Sanna (king), king Sanna, but fell into disunity after his death. Amid a period of confusion Sri Sanjaya, Sanjaya, son of Sannaha (the sister of Sanna) ascended to the throne. Sanjaya mastered holy scriptures, martial arts, and displayed military prowess. After the conquest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mon Kingdoms
Mon kingdoms were polities established by the Mon-speaking people in parts of present-day Myanmar and Thailand. The polities ranged from Dvaravati and Haripuñjaya in present-day northern Thailand to Thaton, Hanthawaddy (1287–1539), and the Restored Hanthawaddy (1740–1757) in southern Myanmar. Early states The first recorded kingdom attributed to the Mon people is Dvaravati,Coedès 1968: 63, 76–77 which prospered until around 1000 CE when their capital was sacked by the Khmer Empire and a significant portion of the inhabitants fled west to present-day Lower Burma and eventually founded new polities. Another Mon-speaking state Haripuñjaya also existed in northern Thailand down to the late 13th century.Coedès 1968: 208 Thaton (9th century?–1057?) According to the colonial period scholarship, the Mon established small polities (or large city-states) in Lower Burma in the 9th century. Both the city of Thaton and Pegu (Bago) are believed to have been established in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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