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Käşşaf Tärcemani
Käşşaf Tärcemani ( tt-Cyrl, Кәшшаф Тәрҗемани, , , ) or Käşşafetdin Tärcemanof ( tt-Cyrl, Кәшшафетдин Тәрҗеманов, , , russian: Тарджиманов Кашафутдин Киямутдинович; 1877–1943) was a Muslim religious figure. Biography Käşşaf Tärcemani was born in 1877 in a mullah family. He received his primary education from his father, then he studied at Qazan Märcaniä madrasah. In 1904 he became an imam in Qazan's White Mosque, which was located in city's area; at the same time he was a teacher in his alma mater and a mudarris in the White Mosque's madrasah. In 1906 he participated in the third All-Russian Muslim Congress; in 1917–1918 he was a member of Millät Mäclese and Milli İdärä. In 1917 he relocated to Ufa, where he began to serve as a qadi in the . At the same time he was a teacher in Ufa's madrasah (1920–1930) and a chief editor of ' (''Islamic Journal'') journal (1924–1928). In 192 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mullah
Mullah (; ) is an honorific title for Shia and Sunni Muslim clergy or a Muslim mosque leader. The term is also sometimes used for a person who has higher education in Islamic theology and sharia law. The title has also been used in some Mizrahi and Sephardic Jewish communities to refer to the community's leadership, especially religious leadership. Etymology The word ''mullah'' is derived from the Arabic word ''mawlā'' ( ar, مَوْلَى), meaning "vicar", "master" and "guardian". Usage Historical usage The term has also been used among Persian Jews, Bukharan Jews, Afghan Jews, and other Central Asian Jews to refer to the community's religious and/or secular leadership. In Kaifeng, China, the historic Chinese Jews who managed the synagogue were called "mullahs". Modern usage It is the term commonly used for village or neighborhood mosque leaders, who may not have high levels of religious education, in large parts of the Muslim world, particularly Iran, Turkey, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qazan, Tatarstan
Kazan ( ; rus, Казань, p=kɐˈzanʲ; tt-Cyrl, Казан, ''Qazan'', IPA: ɑzan is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Tatarstan in Russia. The city lies at the confluence of the Volga and the Kazanka rivers, covering an area of , with a population of over 1.2 million residents, up to roughly 1.6 million residents in the urban agglomeration. Kazan is the fifth-largest city in Russia, and the most populous city on the Volga, as well as the Volga Federal District. Kazan became the capital of the Khanate of Kazan and was conquered by Ivan the Terrible in the 16th century, becoming a part of Russia. The city was seized and largely destroyed during Pugachev's Rebellion of 1773–1775, but was later rebuilt during the reign of Catherine the Great. In the following centuries, Kazan grew to become a major industrial, cultural and religious centre of Russia. In 1920, after the Russian SFSR became a part of the Soviet Union, Kazan became the capital of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Märcaniä
Märcaniä ( tt-Cyrl, Мәрҗания, , ) was a madrasa in Kazan attached to the Märcani Mosque. Brief history It was created around 1770 and had many (often coexisting) names, including ''The First Cathedral Mosque's madrasa'' and ''Yunısof's madrasa''. Later, it acquired the name ''Märcaniä'', in honour of Şihabetdin Märcani, who was madrasa's mudarris between 1850 and 1889, during whose leadership the madrasa became a major center of Muslim education in the area; apart from religious subjects, mathematics, astronomy and history and other non-religious subjects were taught. In 1918, the madrasah was officially closed, but Märcani Mosque's imam Safiulla Abdullin continued to secretly teach shakirds until 1923. Famous students Märcaniä was an alma mater for Xösäyen Yamaşef, Salix Säydäş, Xösäyen Fäyezxanof, Ğäbdelğälläm Fäyezxanof, Ğabdraxman Ğömäri, Sitdıyq Aydarof, Käşşaf Tärcemani Käşşaf Tärcemani ( tt-Cyrl, Кәшшаф Т ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Millät Mäclese
Millät Mäclese (National Assembly, tt-Cyrl, Милләт Мәҗлесе, , , ) was a national assembly of Muslim Turko-Tatars of Inner Russia and Siberia that was created by the decision of Second All-Russian Muslim Congress and worked in Ufa (Öfä) city from November 20, 1917 to January 11, 1918. Sadri Mäqsudi was elected Millät Mäclese's Chairman; İbneämin Äxtämef and Ğabdraxman Fäxretdinef were elected as Deputy Chairman and Secretary respectively. Millät Mäclese did not recognize Soviet authority and decided to establish the Idel-Ural State. In order to achieve this goal, the Commission for Implementation of the Idel-Ural State was established in January 1918. In the same month, the executive board of the future autonomy, '' Milli İdärä'' (National Board), was established. There were several commissions that worked under the Parliament: legislative assumptions commission, mandate commission, education commission, financial commission, religious comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Milli İdärä
Milli İdärä ( tt-Cyrl, Милли Идарә, , ) was the national government of Muslim Turko-Tatars of Inner Russia and Siberia that was elected by the delegates of Millät Mäclese and located in Ufa (Öfä) from January 11, 1918, to April 21, 1918. Its Chairman was Sadri Mäqsudi, with being deputy chairman. Its official press organ was "''Möxtäriät''" (''Autonomy'') journal. Three ministries (departments) were created within Milli İdärä: * Finance Ministry (''Maliä Näzäräte'', Chairman – , members – , , , Ğärif Kärimi, Ğäli Qormayıf, Latıyf Yawşef, Märdelğälim Mäxmütef); * Education Ministry (''Mäğärif Näzäräte'', Chairman – Näcip Qorbanğälief, members – , Ğäli Yänekäyef, , İsmäğil Ütämeşef, , Ğömär Tereğulof); * Ministry of Religious Affairs (''Diniä Näzäräte'', Chairman – ( mufti), members ( qadis) – Riza'etdin Fäxretdin, Salixcan Urmanof, Käşşaf Tärcemani Käşşaf Tärcemani ( tt-Cyrl, Кәшшаф ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qadi
A qāḍī ( ar, قاضي, Qāḍī; otherwise transliterated as qazi, cadi, kadi, or kazi) is the magistrate or judge of a '' sharīʿa'' court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and minors, and supervision and auditing of public works. History The term ''qāḍī'' was in use from the time of Muhammad during the early history of Islam, and remained the term used for judges throughout Islamic history and the period of the caliphates. While the '' muftī'' and '' fuqaha'' played the role in elucidation of the principles of Islamic jurisprudence (''Uṣūl al-Fiqh'') and the Islamic law (''sharīʿa''), the ''qāḍī'' remained the key person ensuring the establishment of justice on the basis of these very laws and rules. Thus, the ''qāḍī'' was chosen from amongst those who had mastered the sciences of jurisprudence and law. The Abbasid caliphs created the office of "chief ''qāḍī''" (''qāḍī al-quḍāh''), who ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Muslim Congress
The World Muslim Congress (''Motamar al-Alam al-Islami'') (Arabic: مؤتمر العالم الإسلامي) is an Islamic organization based in Karachi. Its co-founder and Secretary-General for over four decades was Inamullah Khan. It was the recipient of the 1987 Niwano Peace Prize, and Khan was the recipient of the 1988 Templeton Prize.''New York Times'', 19 April 1988Anti-Semitism Charges Lead To Delay on Religion Prize/ref> It has general consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council. The Congress was founded at the 1949 World Muslim Conference in Karachi, following the creation of Pakistan in 1947. Mohammad Amin al-Husayni, the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, who presided over the Conference, was elected President of the Congress.Husain Haqqani (2005), May 19, 2005The Ideologies of South Asian Jihadi Groups ''Current Trends in Islamist Ideology'', vol. 1 Its cofounder and Secretary-General for over four decades was Inamullah Khan. Although formally f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rizaetdin Fäxretdin
Rizaeddin bin Fakhreddin (Kichuchat, Samara, 12 January 1858 1936) was a Bashkir and Tatar scholar and publicist who lived in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. His numerous works on religious, political and pedagogical subjects were a part of the Jadidist movement, and the journal '' Shura'', which he created and published, was an important way of political discussion for Muslims in the late Empire. Life Rizaeddin bin Fakhreddin was born as son of a Mullah in the village of Kichuchat in the gouvernement Samara. He studied at the Maktab in his village, which his father led, and then at the Madrasa in the near village of Chelsheli. At the age of 30, he became Mullah and leader of the Madrasa in the village of Ilbek. In 1891, he was elected Qadi, meaning he became a member of the Russian religious administration for Muslims (''Sobranie''); he therefore moved to its seat in Ufa, where he administrated the extensive archive of the agency.Mahmud Tahir: ''Rizaeddin Fahr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mufti
A Mufti (; ar, مفتي) is an Islamic jurist qualified to issue a nonbinding opinion ('' fatwa'') on a point of Islamic law (''sharia''). The act of issuing fatwas is called ''iftāʾ''. Muftis and their ''fatwas'' played an important role throughout Islamic history, taking on new roles in the modern era. Tracing its origins to the Quran and early Islamic communities, the practice of ''ifta'' crystallized with the emergence of the traditional legal theory and schools of Islamic jurisprudence (''madhahib''). In the classical legal system, fatwas issued by muftis in response to private queries served to inform Muslim populations about Islam, advise courts on difficult points of Islamic law, and elaborate substantive law. In later times, muftis also issued public and political fatwas that took a stand on doctrinal controversies, legitimized government policies or articulated grievances of the population. Traditionally, a mufti was seen as a scholar of upright character wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Purge
The Great Purge or the Great Terror (russian: Большой террор), also known as the Year of '37 (russian: 37-й год, translit=Tridtsat sedmoi god, label=none) and the Yezhovshchina ('period of Nikolay Yezhov, Yezhov'), was General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Soviet General Secretary Joseph Stalin's campaign to solidify his power over the party and the state; the Purge, purges were also designed to remove the remaining influence of Leon Trotsky as well as other prominent political rivals within the party. It occurred from August 1936 to March 1938. Following the Death and state funeral of Vladimir Lenin, death of Vladimir Lenin in 1924 a power vacuum opened in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Communist Party. Various established figures in Lenin's government attempted to succeed him. Joseph Stalin, the party's General Secretary, outmaneuvered political opponents and ultimately gained control of the Communist Party by 1928. Initially ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rehabilitation (Soviet)
Rehabilitation (russian: реабилитация, transliterated in English as ''reabilitatsiya'' or academically rendered as ''reabilitacija'') was a term used in the context of the former Soviet Union and the post-Soviet states. Beginning after the death of Stalin in 1953, the government undertook the political and social restoration, or political rehabilitation, of persons who had been repressed and criminally prosecuted without due basis. It restored the person to the state of acquittal. In many cases, rehabilitation was posthumous, as thousands of victims had been executed or died in labor camps. The government also rehabilitated several minority populations which it had relocated under Stalin, and allowed them to return to their former territories and in some cases restored their autonomy in those regions. Post-Stalinism epoch The government started mass amnesty of the victims of Soviet repressions after the death of Joseph Stalin. In 1953, this did not entail any form ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muslims From The Russian Empire
Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abraham (or ''Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the main Islamic prophet. The majority of Muslims also follow the teachings and practices of Muhammad (''sunnah'') as recorded in traditional accounts (''hadith''). With an estimated population of almost 1.9 billion followers as of 2020 year estimation, Muslims comprise more than 24.9% of the world's total population. In descending order, the percentage of people who identify as Muslims on each continental landmass stands at: 45% of Africa, 25% of Asia and Oceania (collectively), 6% of Europe, and 1% of the Americas. Additionally, in subdivided geographical regions, the figure stands at: 91% of the Middle East–North Africa, 90% of Central Asia, 65% of the Caucasus, 42% of Southeast Asia, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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