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Kushnarenkovo Culture
The Kushnarenkovo culture is an archaeological culture of the Iron Age in the Southern Ural. First described V. F. Gening on the basis of excavations carried out in 1955–1959 years in the cemetery in Kushnarenkovo (Bashkortostan). Localization in 6th-8th centuries on the territory of Belaya River (Kama), Zakamye, in the basins of Belaya River (Kama), White, Kama River, Kama and Ik River, Ik rivers. It is assumed that the culture came in the middle of VI. forest-steppe regions of the Trans-Urals and Western Siberia. In the 8th century to the west of the Ural (region), Ural from other groups arose Karayakupovo culture. Archaeologists have found that the studied tribes at an early stage (in 6th-8th centuries) were buried under mounds, the heads to north. Skull buried - with signs of artificial deformation. Later, the head to the dead already oriented to the west. The burials of the remains of weapons, horse gear, a variety of jewelry and ceramics. A significant amount of pottery fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iron Age
The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three-age division of the prehistory and protohistory of humanity. It was preceded by the Stone Age (Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic) and the Bronze Age (Chalcolithic). The concept has been mostly applied to Iron Age Europe and the Ancient Near East, but also, by analogy, to other parts of the Old World. The duration of the Iron Age varies depending on the region under consideration. It is defined by archaeological convention. The "Iron Age" begins locally when the production of iron or steel has advanced to the point where iron tools and weapons replace their bronze equivalents in common use. In the Ancient Near East, this transition took place in the wake of the Bronze Age collapse, in the 12th century BC. The technology soon spread throughout the Mediterranean Basin region and to South Asia (Iron Age in India) between the 12th and 11th century BC. Its further spread to Central Asia, Eastern Europe, and Central Europe is somewhat dela ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ural (region)
Ural (russian: Урал) is a geographical region located around the Ural Mountains, between the East European and West Siberian plains. It is considered a part of Eurasian Steppe, extending approximately from the North to the South; from the Arctic Ocean to the end of the Ural River near Orsk city. The border between Europe and Asia runs along the Eastern side of the Ural Mountains. Ural mostly lies within Russia but also includes a small part of Northwestern Kazakhstan. This is a historical, not an official entity, with borders overlapping its Western Volga and Eastern Siberia neighboring regions. At some point in the past, parts of the currently existing Ural region were considered a gateway to Siberia, or even Siberia itself, and were combined with the Volga administrative the divisions. Today, there are two official namesake entities: the Ural Federal District and the Ural economic region. While the latter follows the historical borders, the former is a political product; t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ugric Peoples
Historically, the Ugrians or Ugors were the ancestors of the Hungarians of Central Europe, and the Khanty and Mansi people of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug of Russia. The name is sometimes also used in a modern context as a cover term for these two peoples, formerly called "Ugrian Finns".''The Encyclopaedia Britannica'', 9th edition, 1894, vol. IX p. 194. Modern languages Although the Khanty and Mansi are closely related ethnographically, their languages are not particularly close. It is commonly posited that their languages are related to each other (as the Ob-Ugric languages) and also to the language of the Magyars of Hungary (together forming the Ugric language family). While all three of these languages are clearly members of the greater Uralic language family, the linguistic reconstruction work needed to prove that they are closer to each other than to other Uralic languages has never been adequately done, and in recent decades a more agnostic position has been taken by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iron Age Cultures
Iron () is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from la, ferrum) and atomic number 26. It is a metal that belongs to the first transition series and group 8 of the periodic table. It is, by mass, the most common element on Earth, right in front of oxygen (32.1% and 30.1%, respectively), forming much of Earth's outer and inner core. It is the fourth most common element in the Earth's crust. In its metallic state, iron is rare in the Earth's crust, limited mainly to deposition by meteorites. Iron ores, by contrast, are among the most abundant in the Earth's crust, although extracting usable metal from them requires kilns or furnaces capable of reaching or higher, about higher than that required to smelt copper. Humans started to master that process in Eurasia during the 2nd millennium BCE and the use of iron tools and weapons began to displace copper alloys, in some regions, only around 1200 BCE. That event is considered the transition from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age. In th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bashkirs
, native_name_lang = bak , flag = File:Bashkirs of Baymak rayon.jpg , flag_caption = Bashkirs of Baymak in traditional dress , image = , caption = , population = approx. 2 million , popplace = 1,584,554 1,172,287 , region2 = , pop2 = 41,000 , ref2 = , region3 = , pop3 = 58,500 , ref3 = , region4 = , pop4 = 4,253 , ref4 = , region5 = , pop5 = 1,200 , ref5 = , region6 = , pop6 = 8,000 , ref6 = , region7 = , pop7 = 610 , ref7 = , region8 = , pop8 = 300 , ref8 = , region9 = , pop9 = 400 , ref9 = , region10 = , pop10 = 112 , ref10 = , region11 = , pop11 = 1,111 , ref11 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hungarians
Hungarians, also known as Magyars ( ; hu, magyarok ), are a nation and ethnic group native to Hungary () and historical Hungarian lands who share a common culture, history, ancestry, and language. The Hungarian language belongs to the Uralic language family. There are an estimated 15 million ethnic Hungarians and their descendants worldwide, of whom 9.6 million live in today's Hungary. About 2–3 million Hungarians live in areas that were part of the Kingdom of Hungary before the Treaty of Trianon in 1920 and are now parts of Hungary's seven neighbouring countries, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, and Austria. Significant groups of people with Hungarian ancestry live in various other parts of the world, most of them in the United States, Canada, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Chile, Brazil, Australia, and Argentina. Hungarians can be divided into several subgroups according to local linguistic and cultural characteristics; subgroups with distinc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magyars
Hungarians, also known as Magyars ( ; hu, magyarok ), are a nation and ethnic group native to Hungary () and historical Hungarian lands who share a common culture, history, ancestry, and language. The Hungarian language belongs to the Uralic language family. There are an estimated 15 million ethnic Hungarians and their descendants worldwide, of whom 9.6 million live in today's Hungary. About 2–3 million Hungarians live in areas that were part of the Kingdom of Hungary before the Treaty of Trianon in 1920 and are now parts of Hungary's seven neighbouring countries, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, and Austria. Significant groups of people with Hungarian ancestry live in various other parts of the world, most of them in the United States, Canada, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Chile, Brazil, Australia, and Argentina. Hungarians can be divided into several subgroups according to local linguistic and cultural characteristics; subgroups with distinct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karayakupovo Culture
Karayakupovo culture was an archaeological culture in the Southern Ural. The researchers of Karayakupovo culture together with Kushnarenkovo archaeological culture think these the Ugrians, the ancestors of the Hungarians or ancient Bashkirs.Мажитов Н.А. Южный Урал в VII-XIV вв. М., 1977. Karayakupovo culture fits into the edge of the historic Bashkortostan 9th-10th centuries. Sometimes it is called the culture of early Bashkirs. The cultural dwellings Karayakupovskoe, Old Kalmashevskoe, Chatrinskoe, Taptykovskoe, Kushnarenkovskoe, Chukraklinskoe, Duvaneyskoe, Sasykulskoe, Davlekanovskiy etc. settlements. Area of the dwellings of 1 000 square meters. They are located on high ground, were reinforced by one or two low walls and moats. Ritual cremation The culture is also represented by earthen mounds with a diameter of 8–10 m and a height of 40–60 cm over the graves. Near the graves and within them there are traces of ritual burial horse (skins, hea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Western Siberia
Western Siberia or West Siberia (russian: Западная Сибирь, Zapadnaya Sibir'; kk, Батыс Сібір) is a part of the larger region of Siberia that is mostly located in the Russian Federation. It lies between the Ural region and the Yenisei River, which conventionally divides Siberia into two halves. Western Siberia covers an area of , nearly 80% of which is located within the West Siberian Plain. The largest rivers of the region are the Irtysh and the Ob. The West Siberian petroleum basin is the largest hydrocarbon (petroleum and natural gas) basin in the world covering an area of about 2.2 million km2, and is also the largest oil and gas producing region in Russia. In medieval times, the region was part of the Golden Horde. After its gradual decline during the 15th century, the Khanate of Sibir, centered on Tyumen, was formed within the area. In the late 16th century, most of Western Siberia was conquered by the Russian Empire, while its southern region be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southern Ural
Southern Ural - the south, the widest part of the Ural Mountains, stretches from the river Ufa (near the village of Lower Ufaley) to the Ural River. From the west and east the Southern Ural is limited to the East European, West Siberian Plain and the steppes near Aral Sea and Caspian sea. Geography The relief of the Southern Urals is complex, with numerous valleys and parallel ridges directed south-west and meridionally. The range includes the Ilmensky Mountains separated from the main ridges by the Miass River. The maximum height is (Mount Yamantau) and the width reaches . Other notable peaks lie along the Iremel mountain ridge (Bolshoy Iremel and Maly Iremel), the Nurgush, highest point , and the Nakas, highest point . The Southern Urals extend some up to the sharp westward bend of the Ural River and terminate in the wide Mugodzhar Hills. The foothills of the Southern Urals extend up to with an average width between and . The Southern Urals include lakes such as Zyuratkul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trans-Urals
The Ural Mountains ( ; rus, Ура́льские го́ры, r=Uralskiye gory, p=ʊˈralʲskʲɪjə ˈɡorɨ; ba, Урал тауҙары) or simply the Urals, are a mountain range that runs approximately from north to south through western Russia, from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the river Ural and northwestern Kazakhstan.Ural Mountains Encyclopædia Britannica on-line The mountain range forms part of the conventional boundary between the regions of and |
Ik River
The Ik (; tt-Cyrl, Ык, ''Iq''; , ''Iq'') is a river in Russia that flows north to the Kama. It flows through the Republics of Bashkortostan and Tatarstan and through Orenburg Oblast. The left tributaries are Mellya, Menzelya, Dymka, and the right tributary is Usen. It is long, and its drainage basin covers .«Река Ик (Большой Ик)» Russian State Water Registry The time difference between in Tatarstan and Oktyabrsky in Bashkortostan is two hours (Tatarstan uses |
