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Ku Language
:''"Ku" is also the ISO 639-1 Language Code for the Kurdish language.'' Ku (autonym: ') is a Loloish language cluster of southeastern Yunnan, China. Varieties There are three different varieties of Ku. Speakers of each consider themselves to be separate ethnic groups. However, they are officially classified by the Chinese government as ethnic Yi.Qiubei County Gazetteer 丘北县志 (1999) *Ku (autonym: ''ku55'') is spoken in Bainitang 白泥塘, Shede Township 舍得彝族乡, Qiubei County, Yunnan Province. They are also locally known as the Bo (), and continue to build hanging coffins. The Ku of Bainitang claim that their ancestors had migrated from Yibin, Sichuan. *Another variety of Ku (autonym: ''ku55'') in Wujiazhai 五家寨, Shede Township 舍得彝族乡, Qiubei County, Yunnan Province is unintelligible with Ku of Bainitang 白泥塘. *Ku of Shidongmen 石洞门, Xijide Village 西基得村, Zhulin Township 珠琳镇, Guangnan County, Yunnan Yunnan , () is a l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurdish Language
Kurdish (, ) is a language or a group of languages spoken by Kurds in the geo-cultural region of Kurdistan and the Kurdish diaspora. Kurdish constitutes a dialect continuum, belonging to Western Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family. The main three dialects or languages of Kurdish are Northern Kurdish (), Central Kurdish (), and Southern Kurdish (). A separate group of non-Kurdish Northwestern Iranian languages, the Zaza–Gorani languages, are also spoken by several million ethnic Kurds.Kaya, Mehmet. The Zaza Kurds of Turkey: A Middle Eastern Minority in a Globalised Society. The majority of the Kurds speak Kurmanji, and most Kurdish texts are written in Kurmanji and Sorani. Kurmanji is written in the Hawar alphabet, a derivation of the Latin script, and Sorani is written in the Sorani alphabet, a derivation of Arabic script. The classification of Laki as a dialect of Southern Kurdish or as a fourth language under Kurdish is a matter of debate, but the diff ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nasu Language
Nasu (Naisu, Eastern Yi), or Nasu proper, is a Loloish language spoken by a quarter million Yi people of China. Nasu proper and Wusa Nasu are two of six Yi languages recognized by the government of China. Unlike most written Yi languages, Nasu proper uses the Pollard (Miao) script. A distinct form of the Yi script was traditionally used for Wusa, though few can still read it. Names According to the ''Guizhou Ethnic Gazetteer'' (2002),Guizhou Province Gazetteer: Ethnic Gazetteer 州省志. 民族志(2002). Guiyang: Guizhou Ethnic Publishing House 州民族出版社 Yi autonyms include Nasu 哪苏, Tusu 兔苏, Lagou 腊勾, Guo 果, and so forth. Most of Yi people of the Luquan area do not have the autonym Luoluo and Nasu (transliterated into Chinese as 纳苏) means "black", hence the Black Yi (黑彝 Hei Yi), though Black Yi is an aristocratic caste distinction among the Yi People, and Black Yi Script (Heiyiwen) was a Latin script for Yi introduced by missionaries. Clas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yibin
Yibin (; Sichuanese Pinyin: nyi2bin1; Sichuanese Mandarin, Sichuanese pronunciation: ) is a prefecture-level city in the southeastern part of Sichuan province, China, located at the junction of the Min River (Sichuan), Min and Yangtze Rivers. Its population was 4,588,804 inhabitants, according to the 2020 census, of whom 2,158,312 lived in the built-up area comprising three urban districts. History Human habitation of Yibin dates back at least 4,000 years. Yibin was established as a county in the Han dynasty (206 BC − AD 220). Under the Ming dynasty, Ming and Qing dynasty, Qing, the town and its hinterland was known as Xuzhou fu (administrative subdivision), Commandery pinyin, p''Xùzhōufǔ''), which was variously romanized as Suifu, Suifoo, and Suchow. Its population around 1907 was estimated at 50,000. Geography and climate Yibin is located in the southeast portion of Sichuan at the southern end of the Sichuan Basin, bordering Zhaotong (Yunnan) to the south, Luzhou to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanging Coffins
Hanging coffins are coffins which have been placed on cliffs. They are practiced by various cultures in China, Indonesia, and the Philippines. China Hanging coffins in China are known in Mandarin as ''xuanguan'' () which also means "hanging coffin". They are an ancient funeral custom of some ethnic minorities. The most famous hanging coffins are those which were made by the Bo people (now extinct) of Sichuan and Yunnan. Coffins of various shapes were mostly carved from one whole piece of wood. Hanging coffins either lie on beams projecting outward from vertical faces such as mountains, are placed in caves in the face of cliffs, or sit on natural rock projections on mountain faces. The Bo people were one of the non-Han peoples native to southern China prior to Qin-Han conquests southward. The sparse descriptions of them in Chinese records describe them as being a prosperous farming culture who were also accomplished horsemen. They became victims of genocide by the Ming Dynas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qiubei County
Qiubei County () is under the administration of the Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, in southeast Yunnan province, China. Administrative divisions In the present, Qiubei County has 3 towns, 4 townships and 5 ethnic townships. ;3 towns * Jinping () * Yuezhe () * Shuanglongying () ;4 townships ;5 ethnic townships Ethnic groups The ''Qiubei County Gazetteer'' 丘北县志 (1999) lists the following ethnic subgroups. *Han * Zhuang *Miao **Green Miao 青苗 (autonym: Mengshi 蒙史) **White Miao 白苗 (autonym: Mengdou 蒙斗) **Flowery Miao 花苗 (autonym: Mengzhua 蒙爪) * Yao **Landian Yao 蓝靛瑶 **Daban Yao 大板瑶 **Guoshan Yao 过山瑶 * Yi **Naisoupo 乃叟泼 (Black Yi 黑彝) **Guopo 锅泼 or Boren 僰人 (White Yi 白彝) **Sanipo 撒尼泼 (Sani 撒尼): in Badaoshao 八道哨, Shuanglongying 双龙营, and Yuezhe 曰者 (''Wenshan Prefecture Ethnic Gazetteer'' 2005:352) **Poulongpo 剖笼泼 (Pula 仆拉) **Boren 僰人: in Shede 舍得 (in Ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yunnan
Yunnan , () is a landlocked Provinces of China, province in Southwest China, the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 48.3 million (as of 2018). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the Chinese provinces of Guizhou, Sichuan, autonomous regions of Guangxi, and Tibet Autonomous Region, Tibet as well as Southeast Asian countries: Vietnam, Laos, and Myanmar. Yunnan is China's fourth least developed province based on disposable income per capita in 2014. Yunnan is situated in a mountainous area, with high elevations in the northwest and low elevations in the southeast. Most of the population lives in the eastern part of the province. In the west, the altitude can vary from the mountain peaks to river valleys by as much as . Yunnan is rich in natural resources and has the largest diversity of plant life in China. Of the approximately 30,000 species of Vascular plant, higher plants in China, Yu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Language Cluster
A dialect continuum or dialect chain is a series of language varieties spoken across some geographical area such that neighboring varieties are mutually intelligible, but the differences accumulate over distance so that widely separated varieties may not be. This is a typical occurrence with widely spread languages and language families around the world, when these languages did not spread recently. Some prominent examples include the Indo-Aryan languages across large parts of India, varieties of Arabic across north Africa and southwest Asia, the Turkic languages, the Chinese languages or dialects, and subgroups of the Romance, Germanic and Slavic families in Europe. Leonard Bloomfield used the name dialect area. Charles F. Hockett used the term L-complex. Dialect continua typically occur in long-settled agrarian populations, as innovations spread from their various points of origin as waves. In this situation, hierarchical classifications of varieties are impractical. Inst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autonym
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Autonym may refer to: * Autonym, the name used by a person to refer to themselves or their language; see Exonym and endonym * Autonym (botany), an automatically created infrageneric or infraspecific name See also * Nominotypical subspecies, in zoology, a similar concept to autonym in botany * Xenonym * -onym *Autonomy In developmental psychology and moral, political, and bioethical philosophy, autonomy, from , ''autonomos'', from αὐτο- ''auto-'' "self" and νόμος ''nomos'', "law", hence when combined understood to mean "one who gives oneself one's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northern Loloish Languages
The Northern Loloish languages, also known as Northern Ngwi, are a branch of the Loloish languages that includes the literary standard of the Yi people. In Lama's (2012) classification, it is called ''Nisoid'' (''Nisu–Lope''), which forms the Nisoish languages, Nisoish branch together with the ''Axi-Puoid'' (Southeastern Loloish) languages. Languages Two of the six Yi people, Yi languages (''fangyan'' 方言) officially recognized by the Chinese government belong to the Northern Loloish branch. *Northern Yi (Nuosu language, Nuosu 诺苏) *Eastern Yi (Nasu language, Nasu 纳苏) Another officially recognized Yi language (''fangyan''), Southern Yi (Nisu language, Nisu 尼苏), may or may not be a Northern Loloish language, as Pelkey (2011) classifies it as a Southeastern Loloish language based on phonological innovations shared with Southeastern instead of Northern Loloish languages. Other Northern Loloish languages are listed below. *Aluo language, Aluo is close to Nasu. *Chesu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bo People (China)
The Bo people () are an ancient extinct people from the Yunnan and Sichuan provinces of Southern China. They are famous for their hanging coffins. They were one of the various now extinct peoples from Southern China known collectively in Chinese records as the Baipu. History The Bo people were native to southeastern Sichuan. By the Zhou dynasty, they were called Pu (濮) (Old Chinese ( B-S): *''pˤok'') and mentioned among allies of Zhou against Shang. The Pu or Hundred Pu (百濮) was a designation of different peoples living in the upper Yangtze river area, similar to the Hundred Yue of south Yangtze. The Hundred Pu was eventually conquered by the Ba state. The Qin dynasty invaded the Ba state in 316 BC and absorbed into its empire. The Bo fortress of Lingxiao (凌霄城) on Bowangshan Mountain in Xingwen County were the last hold out in China against the Mongol conquest. It fell to the Mongols in 1288, more than 11 years after the end of the Song dynasty. In 1573, Lingxiao and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nisoish Languages
The Nisoish or Yi languages, which contains both the Northern Loloish (Northern Ngwi) and Southeastern Loloish (Southeastern Ngwi) branches, are a branch of the Loloish languages proposed by Lama (2012). Northern Loloish and Southeastern Loloish were established by Bradley (1997), while the Nisoish group combining Bradley's two branches was proposed by Ziwo Lama (2012). Lama (2012) refers to Northern Loloish as ''Nisoid'' or ''Nisu–Lope'', and Southeastern Loloish as ''Axi–Puoid''. Classification history In the past, Southeastern Loloish languages had variously been classified as Northern Loloish or Central Loloish, but were later recognized as forming a separate branch of Loloish by Bradley (2002). Jamin Pelkey (2011:368-371) also noted that Southeastern Loloish and Northern Loloish branches are likely to be sister branches with each other. Shortly later, Ziwo Lama's (2012) computational phylogenetic analysis of the Lolo-Burmese languages gave further support to Pelkey's hypo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loloish Languages
The Loloish languages, also known as Yi in China and occasionally Ngwi or Nisoic, are a family of fifty to a hundred Sino-Tibetan languages spoken primarily in the Yunnan province of China. They are most closely related to Burmese and its relatives. Both the Loloish and Burmish branches are well defined, as is their superior node, Lolo-Burmese. However, subclassification is more contentious. SIL Ethnologue (2013 edition) estimated a total number of 9 million native speakers of Ngwi languages, the largest group being the speakers of Nuosu (Northern Yi) at 2 million speakers (2000 PRC census). Names ''Loloish'' is the traditional name for the family. Some publications avoid the term under the misapprehension that ''Lolo'' is pejorative, but it is the Chinese rendition of the autonym of the Yi people and is pejorative only when it is written with a particular Chinese character (one that uses a beast, rather than a human, radical), a practice that was prohibited by the Chinese g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
