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Kronstadt Fortress
The Kronstadt Fortress is an architectural and historical monument of the 18th–19th centuries in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Only the Northern Wall of the fortress, located in the center of Kronstadt along Vosstaniya Street, which was built in the 19th century along the already existing, but not long before, rebuilt fortress, has survived in good condition. History Wooden Fortress In November 1703, the first foreign ship of the Dutch skipper Vybes came to Saint Petersburg, delivering salt and wine. The skipper received the prize announced by Peter I – 500 gold. And on 22 June 1715, Peter I solemnly met 45 Dutch and English merchant ships at once. The need for the construction of spacious and convenient harbors for anchorage and unloading of ships became obvious. To speed up the matter, Peter I appointed the governors personally responsible for carrying out work in the areas allocated to them, for which he summoned them to Kronstadt. In March 1719, the construction of the Merch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kronstadt
Kronstadt (russian: Кроншта́дт, Kronshtadt ), also spelled Kronshtadt, Cronstadt or Kronštádt (from german: link=no, Krone for "crown" and ''Stadt'' for "city") is a Russian port city in Kronshtadtsky District of the federal city of Saint Petersburg, located on Kotlin Island, west of Saint Petersburg, near the head of the Gulf of Finland. It is linked to the former Russian capital by a combination levee-causeway-seagate, the St Petersburg Dam, part of the city's flood defences, which also acts as road access to Kotlin island from the mainland. Founded in the early 18th century by Peter the Great, it became an important international centre of commerce whose trade role was later eclipsed by its strategic significance as the primary maritime defence outpost of the former Russian capital. Kaplan, 1995 The main base of the Russian Baltic Fleet was located in Kronstadt, guarding the approaches to Saint Petersburg. In March 1921, the island city was the site of the Krons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
College Of War
The College of War (sometimes War Collegium, or similar, but not to be confused with other institutions of the same name) was a Russian executive body (or Collegium (ministry), collegium), created in the Government reform of Peter I, government reform of 1717. It was the only one of the six original and three later colleges to survive the decentralising reforms of Catherine II of Russia. Under Paul I of Russia, Paul I, it became the model for a newly centralised government. The College of War contained several functional departments which operated independently, but under the overall supervision of the college and its President; after 1798 there were to be seven sections. In 1802 it became the Ministry of War (Russia), Ministry of Land Forces, although this resulted in no fundamental change to the nature of the institution. History Peter the Great has established it by the decree, in 1719, was announced it establishing, following the example of foreign powers to control Imperial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cultural Heritage Monuments Of Federal Significance In Saint Petersburg
Culture () is an umbrella term which encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups.Tylor, Edward. (1871). Primitive Culture. Vol 1. New York: J.P. Putnam's Son Culture is often originated from or attributed to a specific region or location. Humans acquire culture through the learning processes of enculturation and socialization, which is shown by the diversity of cultures across societies. A cultural norm codifies acceptable conduct in society; it serves as a guideline for behavior, dress, language, and demeanor in a situation, which serves as a template for expectations in a social group. Accepting only a monoculture in a social group can bear risks, just as a single species can wither in the face of environmental change, for lack of functional responses to the change. Thus in military culture, valor is counted a typical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1839 Establishments In The Russian Empire
Events January–March * January 2 – The first photograph of the Moon is taken, by French photographer Louis Daguerre. * January 6 – Night of the Big Wind: Ireland is struck by the most damaging cyclone in 300 years. * January 9 – The French Academy of Sciences announces the daguerreotype photography process. * January 19 – British forces capture Aden. * January 20 – Battle of Yungay: Chile defeats the Peru–Bolivian Confederation, leading to the restoration of an independent Peru. * January – The first parallax measurement of the distance to Alpha Centauri is published by Thomas Henderson. * February 11 – The University of Missouri is established, becoming the first public university west of the Mississippi River. * February 24 – William Otis receives a patent for the steam shovel. * March 5 – Longwood University is founded in Farmville, Virginia. * March 7 – Baltimore City College, the third public high school in the United States, is established in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kotlin Island
Kotlin (russian: Ко́тлин) ( sv, Reitskär) is a Russian island, located near the head of the Gulf of Finland, west of Saint Petersburg in the Baltic Sea. Kotlin separates the Neva Bay from the rest of the gulf. The fortified city of Kronstadt is located on the island and forms part of a World Heritage Site that is ''Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments''. The island serves as a gateway to Saint Petersburg and as such has been the site of several military engagements. The Kotlin programming language is named for the island, much as the Java programming language shares its name with an Indonesian island. History The city of Kronstadt was founded on Kotlin island by Peter the Great, who took it from the Swedes in 1703. In March 1921, Kotlin was the site of the Kronstadt rebellion, which resulted in over 11,000 casualties. Geography In general outline, the island forms an elongated triangle; long by about broad, with its base towards St Petersburg. The easter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Container Port
A container port or container terminal is a facility where cargo containers are transshipped between different transport vehicles, for onward transportation. The transshipment may be between container ships and land vehicles, for example trains or trucks, in which case the terminal is described as a ''maritime container port''. Alternatively, the transshipment may be between land vehicles, typically between train and truck, in which case the terminal is described as an ''inland container port''. In November 1932, the first inland container port in the world was opened by the Pennsylvania Railroad company in Enola, Pennsylvania. Port Newark-Elizabeth on the Newark Bay in the Port of New York and New Jersey is considered the world's first maritime container port. On April 26, 1956, the Ideal X was rigged for an experiment to use standardized cargo containers that were stacked and then unloaded to a compatible truck chassis at Port Newark. The concept had been developed by the M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lunette (fortification)
In fortification, a ''lunette'' was originally an outwork of half-moon shape; later it became a redan with short flanks, in trace somewhat resembling a bastion standing by itself without curtains on either side. The gorge was generally open. One noted historical example of a lunette was the one used at the Battle of the Alamo in San Antonio, Texas, in March 1836. Another were the Bagration flèches The Bagration flèches (russian: багратионовы флеши) are three historic military earthworks named after General Pyotr Bagration, who ordered their construction. They served as the pivotal strongholds on the Russian left flank ..., at the Battle of Borodino, in 1812. See also * List of established military terms References {{fortifications Fortification (architectural elements) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mole (architecture)
A mole is a massive structure, usually of stone, used as a pier, breakwater, or a causeway separating two bodies of water. The word comes from Middle French ''mole'', ultimately from Latin ''mōlēs'', meaning a large mass, especially of rock; it has the same root as molecule and mole, the chemical unit of measurement. A mole may have a wooden structure built on top of it that resembles a wooden pier. The defining feature of a mole, however, is that water cannot freely flow underneath it, unlike a true pier. The oldest known mole is at Wadi al-Jarf, an ancient Egyptian harbor complex on the Red Sea, constructed ca. 2500 BCE. San Francisco Bay Area In the San Francisco Bay Area in California, there were several moles, combined causeways and wooden piers or trestles extending from the eastern shore and utilized by various railroads, such as the Key System, Southern Pacific Railroad (two), and Western Pacific Railroad: the Alameda Mole, the Oakland Mole, and the Western Pacif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Pieter Van Suchtelen
Jan Pieter van Suchtelen, Count of Liikkala, ''Pyotr Kornilovich Suhtelen'' (2 August 1751, Grave – 6 January 1836, Stockholm), was born in the Netherlands, and was a general in the Russian army during the Russo-Swedish War (1808–1809). In 1812 Suchtelen was the plenipotentiary for Russian Emperor Alexander I in Örebro where he negotiated and signed the Treaty of Örebro which brought to an end the Anglo–Russian War (1807–1812). In that treaty his titles included "general of engineers, quarter-master general, ndmember of the council of state". He was active as military engineer. He established a preliminary project of the Modlin fortress, near Warsaw, when Russia captured this area after the third partition of Poland. Since 1783 he actively worked in Russia. For his project of Staro-Kalinkin Bridge in St Petersburg he was promoted to the rank of colonel. Created count, enrolled to the nobility of Finland where his main estate was located. Charlotte Disbrowe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Кронштадт - крепостная стена у Петербургских ворот
Kronstadt (russian: Кроншта́дт, Kronshtadt ), also spelled Kronshtadt, Cronstadt or Kronštádt (from german: link=no, Krone for "crown" and ''Stadt'' for "city") is a Russian port city in Kronshtadtsky District of the federal city of Saint Petersburg, located on Kotlin Island, west of Saint Petersburg, near the head of the Gulf of Finland. It is linked to the former Russian capital by a combination levee-causeway-seagate, the St Petersburg Dam, part of the city's flood defences, which also acts as road access to Kotlin island from the mainland. Founded in the early 18th century by Peter the Great, it became an important international centre of commerce whose trade role was later eclipsed by its strategic significance as the primary maritime defence outpost of the former Russian capital. Kaplan, 1995 The main base of the Russian Baltic Fleet was located in Kronstadt, guarding the approaches to Saint Petersburg. In March 1921, the island city was the site of the Kronsta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
