The College of War (sometimes War Collegium, or similar, but not to be confused with other institutions of the same name) was a Russian executive body (or
collegium), created in the
government reform of 1717. It was the only one of the six original and three later colleges to survive the decentralising reforms of
Catherine II of Russia
, en, Catherine Alexeievna Romanova, link=yes
, house =
, father = Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst
, mother = Joanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp
, birth_date =
, birth_name = Princess Sophie of Anhal ...
. Under
Paul I Paul I may refer to:
*Paul of Samosata (200–275), Bishop of Antioch
*Paul I of Constantinople (died c. 350), Archbishop of Constantinople
*Pope Paul I (700–767)
*Paul I Šubić of Bribir (c. 1245–1312), Ban of Croatia and Lord of Bosnia
*Paul ...
, it became the model for a newly centralised government.
The College of War contained several functional departments which operated independently, but under the overall supervision of the college and its President; after 1798 there were to be seven sections. In 1802 it became the
Ministry of Land Forces, although this resulted in no fundamental change to the nature of the institution.
History
Peter the Great
Peter I ( – ), most commonly known as Peter the Great,) or Pyotr Alekséyevich ( rus, Пётр Алексе́евич, p=ˈpʲɵtr ɐlʲɪˈksʲejɪvʲɪtɕ, , group=pron was a Russian monarch who ruled the Tsardom of Russia from t ...
has established it by the decree, in 1719, was announced it establishing, following the example of foreign powers to control
military and ground forces, from January 1, 1720, it began to operate.
It had a
president
President most commonly refers to:
*President (corporate title)
*President (education), a leader of a college or university
*President (government title)
President may also refer to:
Automobiles
* Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...
, a
vice president
A vice president, also director in British English, is an officer in government or business who is below the president (chief executive officer) in rank. It can also refer to executive vice presidents, signifying that the vice president is on t ...
, 4 advisers (in the ranks of the
generals) and 4
assessors (in the
regimental
A regiment is a military unit. Its role and size varies markedly, depending on the country, service and/or a specialisation.
In Medieval Europe, the term "regiment" denoted any large body of front-line soldiers, recruited or conscripted ...
ranks). The ''Military Board'' had the
Chancellery divided into expeditions for the management of
cavalry
Historically, cavalry (from the French word ''cavalerie'', itself derived from "cheval" meaning "horse") are soldiers or warriors who fight mounted on horseback. Cavalry were the most mobile of the combat arms, operating as light cavalry ...
and
infantry
Infantry is a military specialization which engages in ground combat on foot. Infantry generally consists of light infantry, mountain infantry, motorized infantry & mechanized infantry, airborne infantry, air assault infantry, and marine i ...
, for garrison affairs, fortification and
artillery
Artillery is a class of heavy military ranged weapons that launch munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry firearms. Early artillery development focused on the ability to breach defensive walls and fortifications during siege ...
management, for keeping logs of incoming and outgoing papers. The procedure for the proceedings in cases was determined by the General Regulation of February 28 (March 10) of 1720. In 1720, in the ''Military Collegium'' there were 13
class officials, 47 clerics and 8 other servants, and 454
soldier
A soldier is a person who is a member of an army. A soldier can be a conscripted or volunteer enlisted person, a non-commissioned officer, or an officer.
Etymology
The word ''soldier'' derives from the Middle English word , from Old French ...
s and
non-commissioned officer
A non-commissioned officer (NCO) is a military officer who has not pursued a commission. Non-commissioned officers usually earn their position of authority by promotion through the enlisted ranks. (Non-officers, which includes most or all enli ...
s attached to the college. In 1720, three foreigners served in the Military Collegium, but 82 full-time members of the ''college'' were still vacant due to the lack of qualified specialists
he source is not specified 594 days
He or HE may refer to:
Language
* He (pronoun), an English pronoun
* He (kana), the romanization of the Japanese kana へ
* He (letter), the fifth letter of many Semitic alphabets
* He (Cyrillic), a letter of the Cyrillic script called ''He'' in ...
The military board was divided into three expeditions:
* army;
* garrison;
* artillery and
fortification
A fortification is a military construction or building designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is also used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Latin ''fortis'' ("strong") and ''facere'' ...
.
Moreover, it had the general-auditor, the general-fiscal and the
chief auditor. The prosecutor followed the legality of the decision-making process carried out by the Military Board. The
prosecutor
A prosecutor is a legal representative of the prosecution in states with either the common law adversarial system or the Civil law (legal system), civil law inquisitorial system. The prosecution is the legal party responsible for presenting the ...
was directly subordinate to the
prosecutor-general.
Subsequently, with the increase in the number of troops, the duties of the higher military administration were to increase too, thus, the new expeditions were established under the military board. In 1798, it was divided into army, garrison, foreign,
recruitment
Recruitment is the overall process of identifying, sourcing, screening, shortlisting, and interviewing candidates for jobs (either permanent or temporary) within an organization. Recruitment also is the processes involved in choosing individual ...
, repair and training expeditions; in addition, it has military, counting, inspecting, commissariat, food and artillery, general auditorium, drawing with the archive and Moscow artillery depot expeditions.
A few decades later (September 7, 1802) under
Alexander I Alexander I may refer to:
* Alexander I of Macedon, king of Macedon 495–454 BC
* Alexander I of Epirus (370–331 BC), king of Epirus
* Pope Alexander I (died 115), early bishop of Rome
* Pope Alexander I of Alexandria (died 320s), patriarch of ...
, the military board was transformed into a
military ministry.
Presidents
The highest official in the management body was the president (of the year).
* Prince
Alexander Menshikov Alexander Menshikov may refer to:
* Alexander Danilovich Menshikov (1673–1729), Russian statesman
* Alexander Sergeyevich Menshikov
Prince Alexander Sergeyevich Menshikov (russian: Князь Алекса́ндр Серге́евич Ме́н ...
(1717–24)
* Prince
Anikita Repnin
Prince Anikita Ivanovich Repnin (russian: Аники́та Ива́нович Репни́н, tr. ; 1668 – 3 July 1726, in Riga) was a prominent Russian general during the Great Northern War who superintended the taking of Riga in 1710 and se ...
(1724–26)
* Prince
Mikhail Golitsin
Prince Mikhail Mikhailovich Golitsyn or Galitzin (russian: Михаи́л Миха́йлович Голи́цын, Romanization of Russian, tr. ; 1 November 1675 in Moscow – 10 December 1730) was a Russian Imperial field marshal (1725) and a ...
(1728–30)
* Prince
Vasily Vladimirovich Dolgorukov
Prince Vasily Vladimirovich Dolgorukov (russian: Князь Василий Владимирович Долгоруков; c. January 1667 – 11 February 1746, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian commander and politician, promoted to Field Marshal ('' ...
(1730–31)
* Count
Burkhard Christoph von Munnich (1732–41)
* Prince
Nikita Trubetskoy (1760–63)
* Count
Zakhar Chernyshev (1763–74)
* Prince
Grigory Potemkin
Prince Grigory Aleksandrovich Potemkin-Tauricheski (, also , ;, rus, Князь Григо́рий Алекса́ндрович Потёмкин-Таври́ческий, Knjaz' Grigórij Aleksándrovich Potjómkin-Tavrícheskij, ɡrʲɪˈɡ ...
(1774–91)
* Count
Nikolay Saltykov (1791–1802)
Vice presidents
The vice-president (of the year) was the deputy top executive in the management body:
*
Herman Jensen Bohn
Herman may refer to:
People
* Herman (name), list of people with this name
* Saint Herman (disambiguation)
* Peter Noone (born 1947), known by the mononym Herman
Places in the United States
* Herman, Arkansas
* Herman, Michigan
* Herman, Minnes ...
(1727—1731)
*
Burkhard Christoph von Münnich
Burkhard Christoph Graf von Münnich (, tr. ; – ) was a German-born army officer who became a field marshal and political figure in the Russian Empire. He carried out major reforms in the Russian Army and founded several elite militar ...
(1731—1732)
*
Stepan Fyodorovich Apraksin (1742—?)
*
Zakhar Chernyshev (1762—?)
*
Nikolai Saltykov (1773—74)
*
Grigory Potemkin
Prince Grigory Aleksandrovich Potemkin-Tauricheski (, also , ;, rus, Князь Григо́рий Алекса́ндрович Потёмкин-Таври́ческий, Knjaz' Grigórij Aleksándrovich Potjómkin-Tavrícheskij, ɡrʲɪˈɡ ...
(1774—1784)
*
Valentin Platonovich Musin-Pushkin (1786—?)
See also
*
List of heads of the military of Imperial Russia
This article presents the heads of the military departments of the Russian Empire.
College of War
The Russian College of War (or ''War Collegium'') was created in the course of Government reform of Peter the Great 11 December 1717.
Presidents
* ...
References
*
*
{{Government of Russian Empire
Collegia of the Russian Empire
1717 establishments in Russia
1802 disestablishments in the Russian Empire