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Kennebec (potato)
Kennebec is a medium- to late-maturing white potato. It was bred by the USDA and selected by Presque Isle Station, Maine, in 1941. Kennebec is not under plant variety protection. This fast-growing variety has high yields. It maintains good quality in storageAkeley, R. V.; Stevenson, F. J.; Schultz, E. S. (1948)."Kennebec: A new potato variety resistant to late blight, mild mosaic, and net necrosis". ''American Potato Journal'' 25:351-361 and is grown for both fresh market use and for potato chip manufacturing. Botanical characteristics * The Kennebec plant is non-pigmented, large and erect, with thick stems that are prominently angled. * Sprouts are grayish green with a slightly purple bottom. * The leaves are broad, long and dark green with slightly pubescent midribs. * Primarily the leaflets are ovate, large and grow in pairs of four. Secondary leaflets occur in a medium number. Tertiary leaflets occur very seldom, if at all. Terminally, the leaflets stay ovate and have acut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potato
The potato is a starchy food, a tuber of the plant ''Solanum tuberosum'' and is a root vegetable native to the Americas. The plant is a perennial in the nightshade family Solanaceae. Wild potato species can be found from the southern United States to southern Chile. The potato was originally believed to have been domesticated by Native Americans independently in multiple locations,University of Wisconsin-Madison, ''Finding rewrites the evolutionary history of the origin of potatoes'' (2005/ref> but later genetic studies traced a single origin, in the area of present-day southern Peru and extreme northwestern Bolivia. Potatoes were domesticated there approximately 7,000–10,000 years ago, from a species in the ''Solanum brevicaule'' complex. Lay summary: In the Andes region of South America, where the species is indigenous, some close relatives of the potato are cultivated. Potatoes were introduced to Europe from the Americas by the Spanish in the second half of the 16 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pectobacterium Carotovorum
''Pectobacterium carotovorum'' is a bacterium of the family Pectobacteriaceae; it used to be a member of the genus ''Erwinia''. The species is a plant pathogen with a diverse host range, including many agriculturally and scientifically important plant species. It produces pectolytic enzymes that hydrolyze pectin between individual plant cells. This causes the cells to separate, a disease plant pathologists term bacterial soft rot. Specifically, it causes beet vascular necrosis and blackleg of potato and other vegetables (hence the name ''carotovora'' – "carrot-eater"), as well as slime flux on many different tree species. Currently, there are four described subspecies of ''P. carotovorum'' (''carotovorum, brasiliense, odoriferum'', and ''actinidiae''). This bacterium is a ubiquitous plant pathogen with a wide host range (carrot, potato, tomato, leafy greens, squash and other cucurbits, onion, green peppers, African violets, etc.), able to cause disease in almost any plant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhizoctonia
''Rhizoctonia'' is a genus of fungi in the order Cantharellales. Species form thin, effused, corticioid basidiocarps (fruit bodies), but are most frequently found in their sterile, anamorphic state. ''Rhizoctonia'' species are saprotrophic, but some are also facultative plant pathogens, causing commercially important crop diseases. Some are also endomycorrhizal associates of orchids. The genus name was formerly used to accommodate many superficially similar, but unrelated fungi. Taxonomy History Anamorphs ''Rhizoctonia'' was introduced in 1815 by French mycologist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle for anamorphic plant pathogenic fungi that produce both hyphae and sclerotia. The name is derived from Ancient Greek, ῥίζα (''rhiza'', "root") + κτόνος (''ktonos'', "murder"), and de Candolle's original species, ''Rhizoctonia crocorum'' (teleomorph ''Helicobasidium purpureum''), is the causal agent of violet root rot of carrots and other root vegetables. Subsequent authors added ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Common Scab
Common scab is a plant disease of root and tuber crops caused by a small number of '' Streptomyces'' species, specifically '' S. scabies'', '' S. acidiscabies'', '' S. turgidiscabies'' and others. Common scab mainly affects potato (''Solanum tuberosum''), but can also cause disease on radish (''Raphanus sativus''), parsnip (''Pastinaca sativa''), beet (''Beta vulgaris''), and carrot (''Daucus carota''). This plant disease is found wherever these vegetables are grown. Common scab symptoms are variable and can range from surface russeting to deep pits in root and tuber vegetables. This disease does not usually affect yields, but it can greatly reduce quality of the harvested vegetables and make them unsuitable for sale. Root and tuber vegetables are susceptible to infection by ''Streptomyces'' species as soon as the root or tuber forms, but, because this disease only affects root and tubers, the symptoms are not usually noted until harvest. Dry soils increase disease ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potato Virus S
Potato virus S (PVS) is a plant pathogenic virus. It was first reported in Netherlands. PVS causes mild or no symptoms in most potato varieties. It is common in potatoes in many regions and does not cause significant yield losses. Field-grown potatoes are not routinely screened for this virus because it is not considered economically important. However, PVS often present in mixed infections with other potato viruses, which may accentuate symptom severity. Genome and Phylogeny The single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome of PVS is approximately 8.5 kb in length and enclosed in its filamentous particle. This genome consists of a 5′ cap structure and an open reading frame (ORF) encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), the triple gene-block proteins (TGBp1-3) involved in virus cell-to-cell movement, a NABP (cysteine-rich nucleic-acid-binding protein), and 34 kDa coat protein (CP). Phylogenetic analysis using non-recombinant sequences of the (i) 95 CP; and (ii) 130 compl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synchytrium Endobioticum
''Synchytrium endobioticum'' is a chytrid fungus that causes the potato wart disease, or black scab. It also infects some other plants of the genus ''Solanum'', though potato is the only cultivated host. Systematics Traditionally, ''Synchytrium endobioticum'' has been placed to the subgenus ''Mesochytrium'', but it has been suggested that on the basis of the mode of germination it should be transferred to the subgenus ''Microsynchytrium''. It was first identified and studied by Vera Charles. The New Zealand scientist Kathleen Maisey Curtis also studied ''Synchytrium endobioticum'' for her doctoral thesis that, in 1919, resulted in her being recognised as producing groundbreaking research on the organism's pathology. At least 18 pathotypes of the fungus exist, most of them with quite limited ranges in Central Europe. The most widely distributed is the pathotype 1. Morphology Like some other Chytridiales, ''Synchytrium endobioticum'' develops no mycelium. The fungus produces a t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phoma
''Phoma'' is a genus of common coelomycetous soil fungi. It contains many plant pathogenic species. Description Spores are colorless and unicellular. The pycnidia are black and depressed in the tissues of the host. ''Phoma'' is arbitrarily limited to those species in which the spores are less than 15 µm as the larger spored forms have been placed in the genus ''Macrophoma''. The most important species include ''Phoma beta'' which is the cause of the heart rot and blight of beets, ''Phoma batata'' that produces a dry rot of sweet potato, and ''Phoma solani''. Taxonomy About 140 ''Phoma'' taxa have been defined and recognized which may be divided into two large groups: (i) plurivorous fungi, generally saprobic or weakly parasitic, mainly from temperate regions in Eurasia, but occasionally also found in other parts of the world (including areas with cool or warm climates); and (ii) specific pathogens of cultivated plants. However other estimates place the number of taxa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dry Rot
Dry rot is wood decay caused by one of several species of fungi that digest parts of the wood which give the wood strength and stiffness. It was previously used to describe any decay of cured wood in ships and buildings by a fungus which resulted in a darkly colored deteriorated and cracked condition. The life-cycle of dry rot can be broken down into four main stages. Dry rot begins as a microscopic spore which, in high enough concentrations, can resemble a fine orange dust. If the spores are subjected to sufficient moisture, they will germinate and begin to grow fine white strands known as hyphae. As the hyphae grow they will eventually form a large mass known as mycelium. The final stage is a fruiting body which pumps new spores out into the surrounding air. In other fields, the term has been applied to the decay of crop plants by fungi. In health and safety, the term is used to describe the deterioration of rubber, for example the cracking of rubber hoses. Discussion '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fusarium
''Fusarium'' is a large genus of filamentous fungi, part of a group often referred to as hyphomycetes, widely distributed in soil and associated with plants. Most species are harmless saprobes, and are relatively abundant members of the soil microbial community. Some species produce mycotoxins in cereal crops that can affect human and animal health if they enter the food chain. The main toxins produced by these ''Fusarium'' species are fumonisins and trichothecenes. Despite most species apparently being harmless (some existing on the skin as commensal members of the skin flora), some ''Fusarium'' species and subspecific groups are among the most important fungal pathogens of plants and animals. The name of ''Fusarium'' comes from Latin ''fusus'', meaning a spindle. Taxonomy The taxonomy of the genus is complex. A number of different schemes have been used, and up to 1,000 species have been identified at times, with approaches varying between wide and narrow concepts of speci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Blight
''Phytophthora infestans'' is an oomycete or water mold, a fungus-like microorganism that causes the serious potato and tomato disease known as late blight or potato blight. Early blight, caused by ''Alternaria solani'', is also often called "potato blight". Late blight was a major culprit in the 1840s European, the 1845–1852 Irish, and the 1846 Highland potato famines. The organism can also infect some other members of the Solanaceae. The pathogen is favored by moist, cool environments: sporulation is optimal at in water-saturated or nearly saturated environments, and zoospore production is favored at temperatures below . Lesion growth rates are typically optimal at a slightly warmer temperature range of . Etymology The genus name ''Phytophthora'' comes from the Greek –(), meaning : "plant" – plus the Greek (), meaning : "decay, ruin, perish". The species name ''infestans'' is the present participle of the Latin verb , meaning : "attacking, destroying", from which we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solanum
''Solanum'' is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants, which include three food crops of high economic importance: the potato, the tomato and the eggplant (aubergine, brinjal). It is the largest genus in the nightshade family Solanaceae, comprising around 1,500 species. It also contains the so-called horse nettles (unrelated to the genus of true nettles, ''Urtica''), as well as numerous plants cultivated for their ornamental flowers and fruit. ''Solanum'' species show a wide range of growth habits, such as annuals and perennials, vines, subshrubs, shrubs, and small trees. Many formerly independent genera like '' Lycopersicon'' (the tomatoes) and ''Cyphomandra'' are now included in ''Solanum'' as subgenera or sections. Thus, the genus today contains roughly 1,500–2,000 species. Name The generic name was first used by Pliny the Elder (AD 23–79) for a plant also known as , most likely ''S. nigrum''. Its derivation is uncertain, possibly stemming from the Latin word ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potato Leafroll Virus
Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) is a member of the genus ''Polerovirus'' and family ''Solemoviridae''. The phloem limited positive sense RNA virus infects potatoes and other members of the family Solanaceae. PLRV was first described by Quanjer ''et al.'' in 1916. PLRV is transmitted by aphids, primarily the green peach aphid, ''Myzus persicae''. PLRV is one of the most important potato viruses worldwide but particularly devastating in countries with limited resources and management. It can be responsible for individual plant yield losses of over 50%. One estimate suggests that PLRV is responsible for an annual global yield loss of 20 million tons. Symptoms include chlorosis, necrosis and leaf curling. Hosts and symptoms PLRV infects members of the family Solanaceae. The most economically important host is the Potato, ''Solanum tuberosum'' spp. In potato, symptoms of primary infection, infection in the growing season, occurs in the youngest leaves. Leaf margins become necrotic, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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