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Karosa LC 956
Karosa LC 956 is a long-distance coach produced by bus manufacturer Karosa from the Czech Republic, in the years 2002 to 2006. In 2003 was introduced modernised version LC 956 E. Construction features Karosa LC 956 is model of Karosa 900 series. LC 956 is unified with city bus models such as B 952 and B 961. Body was assembled to the skeleton, which has undergone a dip stage, sheets were galvanized and painted and then to have it installed additional components. Body is semi-self-supporting with frame and engine with manual gearbox is placed in the rear part. Only rear axle is propulsed. Front and rear axles are solid. All axles are mounted on air suspension. On the right side are two doors. Inside are used cloth seats. Drivers cab is not separated from the rest of the vehicle. Production and operation In 2002 started serial production, which continued until 2006. Since 2003 were buses produced only modernised version LC 956 E. Historical vehicles Any historical vehicle w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prague
Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a temperate oceanic climate, with relatively warm summers and chilly winters. Prague is a political, cultural, and economic hub of central Europe, with a rich history and Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque architectures. It was the capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia and residence of several Holy Roman Emperors, most notably Charles IV (r. 1346–1378). It was an important city to the Habsburg monarchy and Austro-Hungarian Empire. The city played major roles in the Bohemian and the Protestant Reformations, the Thirty Years' War and in 20th-century history as the capital of Czechoslovakia between the World Wars and the post-war Communist era. Prague is home to a number of well-known cultural attractions, many of which survived the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The Czech Republic has a hilly landscape that covers an area of with a mostly temperate continental and oceanic climate. The capital and largest city is Prague; other major cities and urban areas include Brno, Ostrava, Plzeň and Liberec. The Duchy of Bohemia was founded in the late 9th century under Great Moravia. It was formally recognized as an Imperial State of the Holy Roman Empire in 1002 and became a kingdom in 1198. Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526, the whole Crown of Bohemia was gradually integrated into the Habsburg monarchy. The Protestant Bohemian Revolt led to the Thirty Years' War. After the Battle of White Mountain, the Habsburgs consolidated their rule. With the dissolution of the Holy Empire in 1806, the Cro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karosa
Karosa ( cs, Továrna na Kočáry, Automobily, Rotory, Obráběcí stroje, Sekací stroje a Autobusy, en, Factory for carriages, cars, rotors, machine tools, cutting machines and buses) was a bus manufacturer in Vysoké Mýto in the Czech Republic. It was the biggest manufacturer of buses in Czechoslovakia. In 2007 its name was changed to Iveco, Iveco Czech Republic, and now the company produces buses under the name Iveco Bus. Since 2014, the Czech Republic produced more buses per million inhabitants than any other country in the world. The Iveco Bus factory in Vysoké Mýto produces around 3,100 buses annually and is the largest manufacturer of buses in Europe. Production of car bodies In 1896 Josef Sodomka founded a manufacturing plant for coaches - '' First East Bohemian manufacture of carriages Josef Sodomka'' in Vysoké Mýto. In 1925, the Sodomka company started producing automobile bodywork of its own design, designed to be mounted on automobile chassis produced by Praga a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karosa LC 936
Karosa LC 936 is a long-distance coach produced by bus manufacturer Karosa from the Czech Republic, in the years 1996 to 2002. In 1999 was introduced modernised version LC 936 E and LC 936 XE. It was succeeded by Karosa LC 956 in 2002. Construction features Karosa LC 936 is model of Karosa 900 series. LC 936 is unified with intercity bus models such as C 934 and B 932. Body is semi-self-supporting with frame and engine with manual gearbox is placed in the rear part. Only rear axle is propulsed. Front axle is independent, rear axle is solid. All axles are mounted on air suspension. On the right side are two doors. Inside are used high padded seats. Drivers cab is not separated from the rest of the vehicle. Production and operation In the year 1996 started serial production, which continued until 2002. Since 1999 were buses produced only in modernised version LC 936 E and LC 936 XE. Currently, number of Karosa LC 936 buses is decreasing, due to high age of buses. Historical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
High-floor
High-floor describes the interior flooring of commuter vehicles primarily used in public transport such as trains, light rail cars and other rail vehicles, along with buses and trolleybuses. Interior floor height is generally measured above the street surface or above the top of the rail. High-floor designs usually result from packaging requirements: mechanical items such as axles, motors, crankshafts, and/or transmissions, or luggage storage spaces are traditionally placed under the interior floor of these vehicles. The term is used in contrast with low-floor designs, which offer a decreased floor and entry height above the street surface. Since low-floor designs generally were developed after high-floor vehicles, the older high-floor design is sometimes also known as conventional or the “traditional” design. Rail Heavy rail A rail vehicle of conventional or high-floor design usually has a flat floor ranging between above the top of the railhead (ATOR). To enhance acces ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vehicle Frame
A vehicle frame, also historically known as its ''chassis'', is the main supporting structure of a motor vehicle to which all other components are attached, comparable to the skeleton of an organism. Until the 1930s, virtually every car had a structural frame separate from its body. This construction design is known as ''body-on-frame''. By the 1960s, unibody construction in passenger cars had become common, and the trend to unibody for passenger cars continued over the ensuing decades. Nearly all trucks, buses, and most pickups continue to use a separate frame as their chassis. Functions The main functions of a frame in a motor vehicle are: # To support the vehicle's mechanical components and body # To deal with static and dynamic loads, without undue deflection or distortion. :These include: ::*Weight of the body, passengers, and cargo loads. ::*Vertical and torsional twisting transmitted by going over uneven surfaces. ::*Transverse lateral forces caused by road conditi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ZF Friedrichshafen
ZF Friedrichshafen AG, also known as ZF Group, originally ''Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen'', and commonly abbreviated to ZF (ZF = "Zahnradfabrik" = "Cogwheel Factory"), is a German car parts maker headquartered in Friedrichshafen, in the south-west German state of Baden-Württemberg. Specialising in engineering, it is primarily known for its design, research and development, and manufacturing activities in the automotive industry. It is a worldwide supplier of driveline and chassis technology for cars and commercial vehicles, along with specialist plant equipment such as construction equipment. It is also involved in rail, marine, defense and aviation industries, as well as general industrial applications. ZF has 241 production locations in 41 countries with approximately 148,000 (2019) employees. ZF Friedrichshafen is more than 90% owned by the Zeppelin Foundation, which is largely controlled by the town of Friedrichshafen. History The company was founded in 1915 in Friedri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manual Transmission
A manual transmission (MT), also known as manual gearbox, standard transmission (in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States), or stick shift (in the United States), is a multi-speed motor vehicle transmission (mechanics), transmission system, where gear changes require the driver to manually select the gears by operating a gear stick and clutch (which is usually a foot pedal for cars or a hand lever for motorcycles). Early automobiles used ''sliding-mesh'' manual transmissions with up to three forward gear ratios. Since the 1950s, ''constant-mesh'' manual transmissions have become increasingly commonplace and the number of forward ratios has increased to 5-speed and 6-speed manual transmissions for current vehicles. The alternative to a manual transmission is an automatic transmission; common types of automatic transmissions are the Automatic transmission#Hydraulic automatic transmissions, hydraulic automatic transmission (AT), and the continuously variable transmissio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karosa 900 Series
Karosa 900 series is a collective term for several modifications of a bus which was produced by Czech company Karosa in the town Vysoké Mýto from 1994 to 2007. The basic models of this series are intercity bus Karosa C 934 and later produced C 954. History After completion of the project 800 Series in the early 1990s and several radically modified prototype vehicles of 700 series Karosa decided to "only" modernize range of 700 to 900. Production of a series of test series of new buses began in 1995, the serial production started in 1996 (B 931 city buses). A year later started production and other models (including the basic type C 934) Series 930 (standard bus) and 940 (articulated bus). Since 1996, was manufactured for the French market school bus Récréo, which became an unprecedentedly successful product. Compared to the 700 series changes were made in the driver's cab, which was equipped with a completely new layout dash with associated LED panel and "alarms". ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karosa B 952
Karosa B 952 is an urban bus produced by bus manufacturer Karosa from the Czech Republic, in the years of 2002 to 2006. Modernised version B952E was introduced in 2003. Construction features Karosa B 952 is a model of the Karosa 900 series. The B 952 is unified with city bus models such as the B 951 and the B 961. The body was assembled to the skeleton, which has undergone a dip stage, sheets were galvanized and painted and then to have it installed additional components. The body is semi-self-supporting with frame and engine with manual gearbox is placed in the rear part. The engine drives only the rear axle. The front and rear axles are solid. All the axles are mounted on air suspension. On the right side are three doors (first are narrower than middle doors). Inside are used plastic Vogelsitze or Ster seats. The driver's cab is separated from the rest of the vehicle by a glazed partition. In the middle part is room for a pram or wheelchair. Production and operation In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karosa B 961
Karosa B 961 is an articulated urban bus produced by bus manufacturer Karosa from the Czech Republic, in the years of 2002 to 2006. Modernised version, Karosa B 961E, was introduced in the year 2003. In many towns, they replaced Karosa B 741. It was last high-floor bus built in Karosa, before it was renamed to Iveco Czech Republic. Construction features Karosa B 961 is a model of the Karosa 900 series. The B 961 is derived from its predecessor the Karosa B 941, and also unified with city bus models such as the B 951 and the B 952. The body was assembled to the skeleton, which has undergone a dip stage, sheets were galvanized and painted and then to have it installed additional components. The body is made of two rigid sections linked by a pivoting joint. The body is semi-self-supporting with frame and engine with automatic gearbox is placed in the rear part. The engine drives only the third C axle, meaning that this articulated bus has a pusher configuration. The front, middl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Engine
An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy. Available energy sources include potential energy (e.g. energy of the Earth's gravitational field as exploited in hydroelectric power generation), heat energy (e.g. geothermal), chemical energy, electric potential and nuclear energy (from nuclear fission or nuclear fusion). Many of these processes generate heat as an intermediate energy form, so heat engines have special importance. Some natural processes, such as atmospheric convection cells convert environmental heat into motion (e.g. in the form of rising air currents). Mechanical energy is of particular importance in transportation, but also plays a role in many industrial processes such as cutting, grinding, crushing, and mixing. Mechanical heat engines convert heat into work via various thermodynamic processes. The internal combustion engine is perhaps the most common example of a mechanical heat engine, in which he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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