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Jovian Ceparius
Jovian, surnamed Hypatus or Ceparius (Italian: ''Gioviano Ceparico Ipato''), was Byzantine ''magister militum per Venetiae'' in charge of the duchy of Venice in 740. Following the murder of the doge Orso Ipato in 737, the Exarch of Ravenna imposed administration by annual ''magistri militum'' on Venice who replaced the doge A doge ( , ; plural dogi or doges) was an elected lord and head of state in several Italian city-states, notably Venice and Genoa, during the medieval and renaissance periods. Such states are referred to as " crowned republics". Etymology The .... Jovian was the fourth of these officials. This period of government by ''magistri militum'' lasted until 742, when the fifth and last of such officials was deposed and the dogeship was restored. Not much is known about Jovian. John the Deacon, who wrote the '' Chronicon Venetum et Gradense'', in the early 11th century, said that he ruled wisely. He called him the ''ipato'' named Jovianus. This indicates that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypatos
''Hypatos'' ( gr, ὕπατος; plural: , ''hypatoi'') and the variant ''apo hypatōn'' (, "former ''hypatos''", literally: "from among the consuls") was a Byzantine court dignity, originally the Greek translation of Latin ''consul'' (the literal meaning of ''hypatos'' is "the supreme one," which reflects the office, but not the etymology of the Roman ''consul''). The dignity arose from the honorary consulships awarded in the late Roman Empire, and survived until the early 12th century. It was often conferred upon the rulers of the south Italian principalities. In Italian documents the term was sometimes Latinised as ''hypatus'' or ''ypatus'', and in Italian historiography one finds ''ipato''. The feminine form of the term was ''hypatissa'' (). The creation of ordinary consuls in Late Antiquity was irregular, and after their division in 395, the two halves of the Roman Empire tended to divide the two consulships between them; the office, which had become both effectively honorar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Language
Italian (''italiano'' or ) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire. Together with Sardinian, Italian is the least divergent language from Latin. Spoken by about 85 million people (2022), Italian is an official language in Italy, Switzerland (Ticino and the Grisons), San Marino, and Vatican City. It has an official minority status in western Istria (Croatia and Slovenia). Italian is also spoken by large immigrant and expatriate communities in the Americas and Australia.Ethnologue report for language code:ita (Italy) – Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.), 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. Online version Itali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Byzantium
Byzantium () or Byzantion ( grc, Βυζάντιον) was an ancient Greek city in classical antiquity that became known as Constantinople in late antiquity and Istanbul today. The Greek name ''Byzantion'' and its Latinization ''Byzantium'' continued to be used as a name of Constantinople sporadically and to varying degrees during the thousand year existence of the Byzantine Empire. Byzantium was colonized by Greeks from Megara in the 7th century BC and remained primarily Greek-speaking until its conquest by the Ottoman Empire in AD 1453. Etymology The etymology of ''Byzantium'' is unknown. It has been suggested that the name is of Thracian origin. It may be derived from the Thracian personal name Byzas which means "he-goat". Ancient Greek legend refers to the Greek king Byzas, the leader of the Megarian colonists and founder of the city. The name ''Lygos'' for the city, which likely corresponds to an earlier Thracian settlement, is mentioned by Pliny the Elder in his '' Natu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magister Militum
(Latin for "master of soldiers", plural ) was a top-level military command used in the later Roman Empire, dating from the reign of Constantine the Great. The term referred to the senior military officer (equivalent to a war theatre commander, the emperor remaining the supreme commander) of the empire. In Greek sources, the term is translated either as ''strategos'' or as ''stratelates''. Establishment and development of the command The title of ''magister militum'' was created in the 4th century, when the emperor Constantine the Great deprived the praetorian prefects of their military functions. Initially two posts were created, one as head of the infantry, as the ''magister peditum'' ("master of foot"), and one for the more prestigious cavalry, the '' magister equitum'' ("master of horse"). The latter title had existed since republican times, as the second-in-command to a Roman ''dictator''. Under Constantine's successors, the title was also established at a territorial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orso Ipato
Orso Ipato (Latin: ''Ursus Hypatus''; died 737) was the third traditional Doge of Venice (726–737) and the first historically known. During his eleven-year reign, he brought great change to the Venetian navy, aided in the recapture of Ravenna from Lombard invaders, and cultivated harmonious relations with the Byzantine Empire. He was murdered in 737 during a civil conflict. History Perhaps a native of Eraclea, Orso was elected Doge in 726 following the death of Marcello Tegalliano. The Venetian people had elected him against the will of the Byzantine Empire, a consequence of the Byzantines' unwelcome attempts to institute iconoclasm in the West. Virtually nothing is known of his life before his accession, though it is reasonable to assume that he was born in the latter part of the seventh century. Described by one historian as being a 'warlike man',Knight, p. 234 his reign saw much innovation in the way of martial and naval matters. He focused especially on strengthening th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exarch Of Ravenna
The Exarchate of Ravenna ( la, Exarchatus Ravennatis; el, Εξαρχάτο της Ραβέννας) or of Italy was a lordship of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) in Italy, from 584 to 751, when the last exarch was put to death by the Lombards. It was one of two exarchates established following the western reconquests under Emperor Justinian I, Justinian to more effectively administer the territories, along with the Exarchate of Africa. Introduction Ravenna became the capital of the Western Roman Empire in 402 under Honorius (emperor), Honorius due to its fine harbour with access to the Adriatic Sea, Adriatic and its ideal defensive location amidst impassable marshes. The city remained the capital of the Empire until 476, when it became the capital of Odoacer, and then of the Ostrogoths under Theodoric the Great. It remained the capital of the Ostrogothic Kingdom but, in 540 during the Gothic War (535–554), Ravenna was occupied by the Byzantine Empire, Byzantine gene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Doge
A doge ( , ; plural dogi or doges) was an elected lord and head of state in several Italian city-states, notably Venice and Genoa, during the medieval and renaissance periods. Such states are referred to as " crowned republics". Etymology The word is from the Venetian language, reaching English via French. ', along with the related English word ''duke'' and the Italian '', '' (masculine) and ' (feminine) all descend from the Latin ', meaning either "spiritual leader" or "military commander". However, the words ''duce'' and ''Duca'' are not interchangeable. Moreover, ''Duca'' (duke) is an aristocratic and hereditary title. The wife of a doge is styled a ''Dogaressa'' and the office of the doge is termed ''dogeship''. Usage The title of ''doge'' was used for the elected chief of state in several Italian "crowned republics". The two best known such republics were Venice (where in Venetian he was called ) and Genoa (where he was called a ) which rivalled each other, and the ot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John The Deacon (Venetian Chronicler)
John the Deacon ( it, Giovanni Diacono or ''Giovanni da Venezia''; 940–45 – died after 1018) was a Venetian deacon, secretary to the doge of Venice and a chronicler. The Venetian chronicle According to the Catholic Encyclopedia (1913): The oldest chronicle of Venice, known as the '' Chronicon Sagornini'', was compiled by deacon John, the chaplain and perhaps a relative of the Doge Pietro II Orseolo (991–1009). John enjoyed the confidence of this doge, and was often sent as his ambassador to Holy Roman Emperors Otto III and Henry II. In the first part of his chronicle, which deals with the early period of the republic, the narrative is often confused and deficient; later it becomes more accurate and complete, and for the time in which the writer himself lived it is particularly valuable. He carries the narrative to 1008 and treats in detail of the reign of Pietro Orseolo. John's chronicle is a key primary source for the history of Slavic peoples and polities in Dalmatia d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chronicon Venetum Et Gradense
The ''Chronicon Venetum et Gradense'', formerly known as the ''Chronicon Sagornini'', is a Venetian Venetian often means from or related to: * Venice, a city in Italy * Veneto, a region of Italy * Republic of Venice (697–1797), a historical nation in that area Venetian and the like may also refer to: * Venetian language, a Romance language s ... chronicle compiled by John the Deacon in ca. 1008. It is the oldest chronicle of the Republic of Venice. John was the chaplain and perhaps a relative of Venetian Doge Pietro II Orseolo (r. 991–1009). The first part, dealing with early history, is lacking, only later becoming more accurate, and in the time of John himself deemed particularly valuable. It details the reign of Pietro II. References Sources *{{cite book, last=Herbermann, first=Charles George, title=The Catholic Encyclopedia, url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R1HTvhNblQUC, year=1950, publisher=Appleton, page=491 1008 works Medieval Latin histories Italian chr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eraclea
Eraclea () is a small city and ''comune'' in the Metropolitan City of Venice, Veneto, northern Italy. It is located on the Adriatic Sea, Adriatic coast between the towns of Caorle and Jesolo. History From its founding until 742 AD, the Republic of Venice had its capital based in :it:Heraclia, Eraclea. It was replaced by Malamocco. According to Greek mythology, it was founded by Heracles (Hercules). Tourism Eraclea Mare is, together with Jesolo and Caorle, one of the main seaside resorts on the Venetian coast facing the Adriatic Sea. A steady growth of foreign tourists, especially from Germany, has been recently recorded. Environment In 2009, Eraclea Mare was awarded the "3 Sails" by the environmental NGO List of environmental organizations#Italy, Legambiente. The city has been awarded the "Blue Flag beach, Blue Flag" from the Foundation for Environmental Education every year from 2007-2017 for the cleanliness of its beaches and seawater. Main sights Eraclea Mare is known ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jesolo
Jesolo or Iesolo (; vec, Gèxoło) is a seaside resort town and ''comune'' in the Metropolitan City of Venice, Italy of 26,447 inhabitants. With around six million visitors per year, Jesolo is one of the largest beach resorts in the country, and ranks 7th overall as a tourist destination, and fourth (behind Rimini, Cavallino-Treporti, San Michele al Tagliamento/Bibione) most popular Italian seaside resort. With 204,711.4 visits per thousand inhabitants, it is also one of the 50 Italian towns with the greatest tourist pressure. Its 15 kilometre long beaches and proximity to central Europe make it a favourite destination of many German, Austrian, Dutch and French visitors. Geography The town lies north of Venice, between Eraclea and Cavallino-Treporti. Jesolo gives its name to a lagoon of on the Adriatic Sea between the rivers Sile and Piave. The urbanized area lies on an island of sorts, delimited by the rivers Piave (on the east) and Sile (on the west), and an artificial ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heinrich Kretschmayr
Heinrich Kretschmayr (1870–1939) was an Austrian archivist and historian who specialized in the history of Venice. His principal work is the ''The History of Venice'' (German: ''Geschichte von Venedig'') in three volumes - a monumental survey representing the nineteenth-century historiographical tradition. Based on extensive archival research, it deals with events, major figures, economy, administration, religion and culture. Of particular value are the exhaustive appendices on primary sources and literature. The first volume, covering the period down to the death of Enrico Dandolo in 1205, was published in 1905. The second volume, which brings the account of events to the conclusion of the War of the League of Cambrai in 1516, was held back by the outbreak of the First World War and eventually appeared in 1920. The author expected to see the third volume in print in the summer of 1928, but its first draft was lost in the fire of the Palace of Justice on 15 July 1927 during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
