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Isohyaenodon
''Isohyaenodon'' ("equal to Hyaenodon") is an extinct polyphyletic genus of hyainailourid hyaenodont mammal from polyphyletic subtribe Isohyaenodontina (of the polyphyletic tribe Hyainailourini within paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae). Remains are known from early to middle Miocene deposits in Kenya, East Africa. Description ''Isohyaenodon'' is distinguished from ''Hyaenodon'' in having more robust molars, lower molars with a subequal paraconid and protoconid, and upper molars with a more well-developed protocone. Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy ''Isohyaenodon'' was considered possibly the same genus as '' Leakitherium'' from the same region by Van Valen (1967), but subsequent studies have rejected this assumption. ''Isohyaenodon pilgrimi'' Savage, 1965 was formerly assigned to this genus, but has been renamed '' Exiguodon pilgrimi''. Phylogeny The phylogenetic relationships of genus ''Isohyaenodon'' are shown in the following cladogram: See also * Mammal classi ...
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Exiguodon
''Exiguodon'' ("strict tooth") is an extinct genus of hyainailourid hyaenodont mammal of the polyphyletic tribe Hyainailourini within paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae. Remains are known from early Miocene deposits in Kenya and Uganda, in East Africa. Description ''Exiguodon'' is distinguished from other hyainailourines by the following features: diminutive dimensions, lower molars (m3 – m2) with greatly reduced talonid; protoconid and paraconid similar in size. Paraconid of the molars lingually oriented. M2 and M1 close in size and morphology. Occlusal outline sub-triangular, with greatly reduced protocone, which appears like an antero-lingual cingulum which extends anteriorly and buccally. Presence of a strong parastyle in an antero-buccal position, united to the apex of the paracone by a well defined crista. The buccal cingulum borders a wide buccal platform, particularly large in the M2. Paracone tall and narrow, elongated blade-like metastyle. P4 broadened, with redu ...
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Hyainailouridae
Hyainailouridae ("hyena-cats") is a paraphyletic family of extinct predatory mammals from extinct paraphyletic superfamily Hyainailouroidea within extinct order Hyaenodonta. Hyaenodontids arose during the middle Eocene and persisted well into the middle Miocene. Fossils of this group have been found in Asia, Africa, North America and Europe. General characteristics Hyainailourids are characterized by long skulls, slender jaws, slim bodies, and a plantigrade stance. They generally ranged in size from 30 to 140 cm at the shoulder. While some measured as much as 1.4 m high at the shoulder with head-body length up to 3.2 m and weighed up to 1,500 kg, most were in the 5–15 kg range, equivalent to a mid-sized dog. The anatomy of their skulls show that they had a particularly acute sense of smell, while their teeth were adapted for shearing, rather than crushing. At least one hyainailourid lineage, Apterodontinae, was specialised for aquatic, otter-like habits. Range T ...
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Hyainailourini
Hyainailourini ("hyena-cats") is an extinct polyphyletic tribe of hyainailourid hyaenodonts from paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae that lived in Africa, Asia and Europe during the middle Eocene to middle Miocene. Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy * Tribe: †Hyainailourini (polyphyletic tribe) ** Genus: †'' Exiguodon'' *** †''Exiguodon pilgrimi'' ** Genus: †''Falcatodon'' *** †''Falcatodon schlosseri'' ** Genus: †''Hyainailouros'' (polyphyletic genus) *** †''Hyainailouros bugtiensis'' *** †''Hyainailouros napakensis'' *** †''Hyainailouros sulzeri'' ** Genus: †'' Parapterodon'' *** †''Parapterodon lostangensis'' ** Genus: †'' Sectisodon'' *** †''Sectisodon markgrafi'' *** †''Sectisodon occultus'' ** Genus: †'' Sivapterodon'' *** †''Sivapterodon lahirii'' ** Subtribe: †Isohyaenodontina (polyphyletic subtribe) *** Genus: †''Isohyaenodon'' (polyphyletic genus) **** †''Isohyaenodon andrewsi'' **** †''Isohyaenodon zadoki ...
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Hyainailourinae
Hyainailourinae ("hyena-cats") is an extinct paraphyletic subfamily of hyainailourid hyaenodonts that lived in Africa, Asia, North America and Europe during the middle Eocene to middle Miocene. Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy * Subfamily: †Hyainailourinae (paraphyletic subfamily) ** Genus: †''Megistotherium'' *** †''Megistotherium osteothlastes'' ** Genus: †'' Mlanyama'' *** †''Mlanyama sugu'' ** Genus: †''Orienspterodon'' *** †''Orienspterodon dahkoensis'' ** Genus: †'' Pakakali'' *** †''Pakakali rukwaensis'' ** Genus: †''Simbakubwa'' *** †''Simbakubwa kutokaafrika'' ** (unranked): †''Akhnatenavus'' clade *** Genus: †'' Akhnatenavus'' **** †''Akhnatenavus leptognathus'' **** †''Akhnatenavus nefertiticyon'' *** Genus: †''Hemipsalodon'' **** †''Hemipsalodon grandis'' **** †''Hemipsalodon viejaensis'' *** Genus: †'' Ischnognathus'' **** †''Ischnognathus savagei'' ** Tribe: † Hyainailourini (polyphyletic tribe) *** ...
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Hyaenodonta
Hyaenodonta (" hyena teeth") is an extinct order of hypercarnivorous placental pan-carnivoran mammals from mirorder Ferae. Hyaenodonts were important mammalian predators that arose during the early Paleocene in Europe and persisted well into the late Miocene. Characteristics Hyaenodonts are characterized by long skulls, slender jaws, slim bodies and a plantigrade stance. They generally ranged in size from 30 to 140 cm at the shoulder. While '' Simbakubwa kutokaafrika'' may have been up to (surpassing the modern polar bear in size) and ''Hyaenodon gigas'' (the largest species from genus ''Hyaenodon'') was as much as 1.4 m high at the shoulder, 3.0 m long and weighed about 330 kg, most of hyaenodonts were in the 5–15 kg range, equivalent to a mid-sized dog. The anatomy of their skulls show that they had a particularly acute sense of smell, while their teeth were adapted for shearing, rather than crushing. Because of their size range, it is probable that di ...
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Teratodontidae
Teratodontidae ("monstrous teeth") is a family of extinct predatory mammals from extinct paraphyletic superfamily Hyainailouroidea within extinct order Hyaenodonta. Fossil remains of these mammals are known from Middle Eocene to Late Miocene deposits in Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and Asia. Etymology The name of the family and subfamily translates as "monstrous teeth" (, and taxonomic suffixes " -idae" and " -inae". Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy * Family: †Teratodontidae ** Subfamily: †Teratodontinae *** Genus: †'' Anasinopa'' **** †''Anasinopa haasi'' **** †''Anasinopa leakeyi'' **** †''Anasinopa libyca'' **** †''Anasinopa napaki'' *** Genus: †'' Brychotherium'' **** †''Brychotherium atrox'' **** †''Brychotherium ephalmos'' *** Genus: †'' Ekweeconfractus'' **** †''Ekweeconfractus amorui'' *** Genus: †'' Masrasector'' **** †''Masrasector aegypticum'' **** †''Masrasector ligabuei'' **** †''Masrasector nananubis'' **** ...
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Sinopidae
Sinopidae ("swift foxes") is a family of extinct predatory mammals from extinct order Hyaenodonta. Fossil remains of these mammals are known from early to middle Eocene deposits in North America, Europe and Asia. Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy * Family: †Sinopidae ** Genus: †'' Acarictis'' *** †''Acarictis ryani'' ** (unranked): †''Sinopa'' clade *** Genus: †'' Prototomus'' (paraphyletic genus) **** †''Prototomus deimos'' **** †''Prototomus girardoti'' **** †''Prototomus martis'' **** †''Prototomus minimus'' **** †''Prototomus phobos'' **** †''Prototomus robustus'' **** †''Prototomus secundarius'' **** †''Prototomus viverrinus'' *** Genus: †''Sinopa'' **** †''Sinopa jilinia'' **** †''Sinopa lania'' **** †''Sinopa longipes'' **** †''Sinopa major'' **** †''Sinopa minor'' **** †''Sinopa piercei'' **** †''Sinopa pungens'' **** †''Sinopa rapax'' **** †''Sinopa'' sp. A 'AMNH FM 11538'' *** ''Incertae sedis ...
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Limnocyonidae
Limnocyonidae ("swamp dogs") is a family of extinct predatory mammals from extinct order Hyaenodonta. Fossil remains of these mammals are known from late Paleocene to late Eocene deposits in North America and Asia. Limnocyonids had only two molars in the upper and lower dentition. Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy * Family: †Limnocyonidae ** Genus: †'' Iridodon'' *** †''Iridodon datzae'' ** Genus: †'' Limnocyon'' (paraphyletic genus) *** †''Limnocyon cuspidens'' *** †''Limnocyon potens'' *** †''Limnocyon verus'' ** Genus: †'' Oxyaenodon'' *** †''Oxyaenodon dysodus'' ** Genus: †'' Prolaena'' *** †''Prolaena parva'' ** Genus: †''Prolimnocyon'' (paraphyletic genus) *** †''Prolimnocyon antiquus'' *** †''Prolimnocyon atavus'' *** †''Prolimnocyon chowi'' *** †''Prolimnocyon eerius'' *** †''Prolimnocyon haematus'' ** Genus: †'' Thinocyon'' *** †''Thinocyon medius'' *** †''Thinocyon velox'' ** ''Incertae sedis ' () or ...
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Galecyon
''Galecyon'' ("polecat-dog") is a genus of hyaenodonts that lived during the early Eocene in Europe and North America (found in the Clarks Fork and Powder River basins of Wyoming Wyoming () is a U.S. state, state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is bordered by Montana to the north and northwest, South Dakota and Nebraska to the east, Idaho to the west, Utah to the south ...). Description ''Galecyon'' had robust canines and short, deep jaws. Prior to 2015, little was known about its post-cranial skeleton. However, following the discovery of more complete fossils, it is now known to have been a primarily terrestrial animal weighing between , lacking the adaptations for climbing found in some of its close relatives. Phylogeny The phylogenetic relationships of genus ''Galecyon'' are shown in the following cladogram. References Hyaenodonts Eocene mammals Prehistoric mammals of North America Prehistoric mammals of Euro ...
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Boualitomidae
Boualitomidae ("Bou Alian cutters") is a family of extinct predatory mammals from extinct order Hyaenodonta. Fossil remains of these mammals are known from middle Paleocene to late Eocene deposits in Africa. Boualitomids had only three pairs of premolars in the lower dentition, lacking the first one.E. Gheerbrant, M. Iarochene, M. Amaghzaz and B. Bouya (2006."Early African hyaenodontid mammals and their bearing on the origin of the Creodonta."Geological Magazine 143(4):475-489Borths, Matthew R., Heritage, Steven, Gunnell, Gregg, Friscia, Anthony, Seiffert, Erik (2020) "Persistence of the oldest hyaenodont clade through the Eocene of Africa", in "The Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 80th annual meeting - Virtual 2020"' Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy * Family: †Boualitomidae ** Genus: †'' Boualitomus'' *** †''Boualitomus marocanensis'' ** Genus: †'' Lahimia'' *** †''Lahimia selloumi'' ** ''Incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a ...
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Indohyaenodontidae
Indohyaenodontidae ("indian ''Hyaenodonts''") is a family of extinct predatory mammals from extinct order Hyaenodonta. Fossil remains of these mammals are known from early to late Eocene deposits in Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ....R. S. Rana, K. Kumar, S. P. Zack, F. Solé, K. D. Rose, P. Missiaen, L. Singh, A. Sahni and T. Smith (2015."Craniodental and postcranial morphology of ''Indohyaenodon raoi'' from the early Eocene of India, and its implications for ecology, phylogeny, and biogeography of hyaenodontid mammals."Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35(5):e965308:1-22 Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy * Family: †Indohyaenodontidae ** Genus: †'' Indohyaenodon'' *** †''Indohyaenodon raoi'' ** Genus: †'' Yarshea'' *** †''Yarshea cruenta'' ...
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Hyaenodontoidea
Hyaenodontoidea (" hyena teeth") is a superfamily of extinct predatory mammals from extinct order Hyaenodonta. Fossil remains of these mammals are known from early Eocene to early Miocene deposits in North America, Europe and Asia. Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy * Superfamily: †Hyaenodontoidea ** Family: †Hyaenodontidae Hyaenodontidae ("hyena teeth") is a family of extinct predatory mammals from extinct superfamily Hyaenodontoidea within extinct order Hyaenodonta. Hyaenodontids arose during the early Eocene and persisted well into the early Miocene. Fossils of ... ** Family: † Proviverridae Phylogeny The phylogenetic relationships of superfamily Hyaenodontoidea are shown in the following cladogram: References {{Hyaenodonta Hyaenodonts Paleogene mammals of North America Paleogene mammals of Asia Paleogene mammals of Europe Vertebrate superfamilies ...
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