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Hyainailourini
Hyainailourini ("hyena-cats") is an extinct polyphyletic tribe of hyainailourid hyaenodonts from paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae that lived in Africa, Asia and Europe during the middle Eocene to middle Miocene. Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy * Tribe: †Hyainailourini (polyphyletic tribe) ** Genus: †'' Exiguodon'' *** †''Exiguodon pilgrimi'' ** Genus: †''Falcatodon'' *** †''Falcatodon schlosseri'' ** Genus: †''Hyainailouros'' (polyphyletic genus) *** †''Hyainailouros bugtiensis'' *** †''Hyainailouros napakensis'' *** †''Hyainailouros sulzeri'' ** Genus: †'' Parapterodon'' *** †''Parapterodon lostangensis'' ** Genus: †'' Sectisodon'' *** †''Sectisodon markgrafi'' *** †''Sectisodon occultus'' ** Genus: †'' Sivapterodon'' *** †''Sivapterodon lahirii'' ** Subtribe: †Isohyaenodontina (polyphyletic subtribe) *** Genus: †''Isohyaenodon'' (polyphyletic genus) **** †''Isohyaenodon andrewsi'' **** †''Isohyaenodon zadoki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Falcatodon
''Falcatodon'' ("curved tooth") is an extinct genus of hyainailourid hyaenodonts of the polyphyletic tribe Hyainailourini within paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae, from the Early Oligocene (Rupelian) of the Faiyum Oasis depression in Egypt. Description Morales and Pickford (2017, p. 344) diagnose ''Falcatodon'' as follows: "Medium sized Hyainailourinae, differing from ''Metapterodon'' by the reduction of the protocone in the upper molars (M1 – M2), which is located in a very anterior position. It differs from ''Hyainailouros'' by the more sectorial morphology of the upper molars, with more advanced fusion of the paracone-metacone with, nevertheless, a groove separating the cusps visible in the M1. Lower molars sectorial with reduced talonid and without a metaconid. It differs from ''Isohyaenodon'', '' Sectisodon'' and '' Exiguodon'', by the lesser reduction of the protocone in the upper molars which, above all, retain a stretched out subtriangular occlusal outline." ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pterodon (mammal)
''Pterodon'' ("winged tooth") is an extinct genus of superficially wolf-like hyainailurids from subtribe Pterodontina within polyphyletic tribe Hyainailourini in paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae, that lived in late Eocene Europe. Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy ''Pterodon nyanzae'' is now considered to be synonymous with ''Hyainailouros''.Lewis, M. E., Morlo, M. (2010.): "Creodonta". – In : Werdelin, L., Sanders, W. (eds) "Cenozoic Mammals of Africa". University of California Press, Berkeley, pp. 543–560. https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520257214.003.0026 Likewise, the putative Asian species ''P. dahkoensis'' is now assigned to its own genus, ''Orienspterodon''. Phylogeny The phylogenetic relationships of genus ''Pterodon'' are shown in the following cladogram: See also * Mammal classification * Hyainailourini Hyainailourini ("hyena-cats") is an extinct polyphyletic tribe of hyainailourid hyaenodonts from paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isohyaenodon
''Isohyaenodon'' ("equal to Hyaenodon") is an extinct polyphyletic genus of hyainailourid hyaenodont mammal from polyphyletic subtribe Isohyaenodontina (of the polyphyletic tribe Hyainailourini within paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae). Remains are known from early to middle Miocene deposits in Kenya, East Africa. Description ''Isohyaenodon'' is distinguished from ''Hyaenodon'' in having more robust molars, lower molars with a subequal paraconid and protoconid, and upper molars with a more well-developed protocone. Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy ''Isohyaenodon'' was considered possibly the same genus as '' Leakitherium'' from the same region by Van Valen (1967), but subsequent studies have rejected this assumption. ''Isohyaenodon pilgrimi'' Savage, 1965 was formerly assigned to this genus, but has been renamed '' Exiguodon pilgrimi''. Phylogeny The phylogenetic relationships of genus ''Isohyaenodon'' are shown in the following cladogram: See also * Mammal classi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kerberos (mammal)
''Kerberos'' (" Cerberus") is an extinct genus of hyainailourid hyaenodonts in polyphyletic tribe Hyainailourini within paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae, that lived in Europe. It contains the single species ''Kerberos langebadreae''. Etymology The genus name ''Kerberos'' comes from Cerberus, the hound of Hades, a multi-headed dog that guards the entrance to the Underworld in Greek mythology. The species name, ''Kerberos langebadreae'', is dedicated to the French palaeontologist Dr. Brigitte Lange-Badré, who contributed extensively to the knowledge of Eocene carnivorous mammals. Description ''Kerberos langebadreae'' is the only currently known species from genus ''Kerberos'', and it was an extinct large-bodied carnivorous mammal from the Eocene of France. It represents one of the oldest members of the subfamily Hyainailourinae that have been recorded in Europe. Many hyaenodont species are known only from fragments of the jaw or a few teeth. ''K. langebadreae'' repr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exiguodon
''Exiguodon'' ("strict tooth") is an extinct genus of hyainailourid hyaenodont mammal of the polyphyletic tribe Hyainailourini within paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae. Remains are known from early Miocene deposits in Kenya and Uganda, in East Africa. Description ''Exiguodon'' is distinguished from other hyainailourines by the following features: diminutive dimensions, lower molars (m3 – m2) with greatly reduced talonid; protoconid and paraconid similar in size. Paraconid of the molars lingually oriented. M2 and M1 close in size and morphology. Occlusal outline sub-triangular, with greatly reduced protocone, which appears like an antero-lingual cingulum which extends anteriorly and buccally. Presence of a strong parastyle in an antero-buccal position, united to the apex of the paracone by a well defined crista. The buccal cingulum borders a wide buccal platform, particularly large in the M2. Paracone tall and narrow, elongated blade-like metastyle. P4 broadened, with redu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyainailourinae
Hyainailourinae ("hyena-cats") is an extinct paraphyletic subfamily of hyainailourid hyaenodonts that lived in Africa, Asia, North America and Europe during the middle Eocene to middle Miocene. Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy * Subfamily: †Hyainailourinae (paraphyletic subfamily) ** Genus: †''Megistotherium'' *** †''Megistotherium osteothlastes'' ** Genus: †'' Mlanyama'' *** †''Mlanyama sugu'' ** Genus: †''Orienspterodon'' *** †''Orienspterodon dahkoensis'' ** Genus: †'' Pakakali'' *** †''Pakakali rukwaensis'' ** Genus: †''Simbakubwa'' *** †''Simbakubwa kutokaafrika'' ** (unranked): †''Akhnatenavus'' clade *** Genus: †'' Akhnatenavus'' **** †''Akhnatenavus leptognathus'' **** †''Akhnatenavus nefertiticyon'' *** Genus: †''Hemipsalodon'' **** †''Hemipsalodon grandis'' **** †''Hemipsalodon viejaensis'' *** Genus: †'' Ischnognathus'' **** †''Ischnognathus savagei'' ** Tribe: † Hyainailourini (polyphyletic tribe) *** ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyainailouros
''Hyainailouros'' ("hyena-cat") is an extinct polyphyletic genus of hyainailourid hyaenodont mammal of the polyphyletic tribe Hyainailourini within paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae, that lived during the early to middle Miocene, of which there were at least three species spread across Europe, Africa, and Asia. Closely related to other large African hyaenodonts such as ''Simbakubwa'' and ''Megistotherium'', ''Hyainailouros'' walked with a semi-digitigrade stance and was probably capable of large, leaping bounds. Alongside its African relatives and the last members of the genus ''Hyaenodon ''Hyaenodon'' (" hyena-tooth") is an extinct genus of carnivorous hyaenodont mammals from tribe Hyaenodontini, within subfamily Hyaenodontinae in family Hyaenodontidae,Malcolm C. McKenna, Susan K. Bell (1997."Classification of Mammals: Above t ...'' from Asia, ''Hyainailouros'' was among the largest hyaenodonts that existed. Phylogeny The phylogenetic relationships of genus ''Hyai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sivapterodon
''Sivapterodon'' ("Shiva's '' Pterodon''") is an extinct genus of hyainailourid hyaenodont mammal of the polyphyletic tribe Hyainailourini within paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae that lived in Pakistan during the middle Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recen .... Phylogeny The phylogenetic relationships of genus ''Sivapterodon'' are shown in the following cladogram: References Hyaenodonts Miocene mammals of Asia Prehistoric placental genera {{paleo-mammal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sectisodon
''Sectisodon'' ("cutting tooth") is an extinct genus of hyainailourid hyaenodont mammal of the polyphyletic tribe Hyainailourini within paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae from early Oligocene to early Miocene deposits in Egypt and Uganda. Description Morales and Pickford (2017, p. 346) diagnose ''Sectisodon'' as follows: "Hyainailourinae of small dimensions, M1 and M2 of similar length. M2 with paracone and metacone fused together, tall and pointed. Protocone very reduced, flattened and extending basally beyond the base of the paracone. Anterior cingulum with a well-defined parastyle with a moderate buccal cingulum. M2 and M1 with the metastyle quite a bit longer than the paracone-metacone. P3 short, with tall main cusp, posterior cusplet moderate, and much reduced protocone. Basal lingual cingulum strong, weaker on the buccal side. Lower molars with protoconid bigger than the metaconid, m2 with talonid present, much reduced in the m3." Classification and phylogeny Ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyainailouridae
Hyainailouridae ("hyena-cats") is a paraphyletic family of extinct predatory mammals from extinct paraphyletic superfamily Hyainailouroidea within extinct order Hyaenodonta. Hyaenodontids arose during the middle Eocene and persisted well into the middle Miocene. Fossils of this group have been found in Asia, Africa, North America and Europe. General characteristics Hyainailourids are characterized by long skulls, slender jaws, slim bodies, and a plantigrade stance. They generally ranged in size from 30 to 140 cm at the shoulder. While some measured as much as 1.4 m high at the shoulder with head-body length up to 3.2 m and weighed up to 1,500 kg, most were in the 5–15 kg range, equivalent to a mid-sized dog. The anatomy of their skulls show that they had a particularly acute sense of smell, while their teeth were adapted for shearing, rather than crushing. At least one hyainailourid lineage, Apterodontinae, was specialised for aquatic, otter-like habits. Range T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyaenodonta
Hyaenodonta (" hyena teeth") is an extinct order of hypercarnivorous placental pan-carnivoran mammals from mirorder Ferae. Hyaenodonts were important mammalian predators that arose during the early Paleocene in Europe and persisted well into the late Miocene. Characteristics Hyaenodonts are characterized by long skulls, slender jaws, slim bodies and a plantigrade stance. They generally ranged in size from 30 to 140 cm at the shoulder. While '' Simbakubwa kutokaafrika'' may have been up to (surpassing the modern polar bear in size) and ''Hyaenodon gigas'' (the largest species from genus ''Hyaenodon'') was as much as 1.4 m high at the shoulder, 3.0 m long and weighed about 330 kg, most of hyaenodonts were in the 5–15 kg range, equivalent to a mid-sized dog. The anatomy of their skulls show that they had a particularly acute sense of smell, while their teeth were adapted for shearing, rather than crushing. Because of their size range, it is probable that di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boualitomidae
Boualitomidae ("Bou Alian cutters") is a family of extinct predatory mammals from extinct order Hyaenodonta. Fossil remains of these mammals are known from middle Paleocene to late Eocene deposits in Africa. Boualitomids had only three pairs of premolars in the lower dentition, lacking the first one.E. Gheerbrant, M. Iarochene, M. Amaghzaz and B. Bouya (2006."Early African hyaenodontid mammals and their bearing on the origin of the Creodonta."Geological Magazine 143(4):475-489Borths, Matthew R., Heritage, Steven, Gunnell, Gregg, Friscia, Anthony, Seiffert, Erik (2020) "Persistence of the oldest hyaenodont clade through the Eocene of Africa", in "The Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 80th annual meeting - Virtual 2020"' Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy * Family: †Boualitomidae ** Genus: †'' Boualitomus'' *** †''Boualitomus marocanensis'' ** Genus: †'' Lahimia'' *** †''Lahimia selloumi'' ** ''Incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
