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Irfan Malik
In Islam, ‘Irfan (Arabic/Persian/Urdu: ; tr, İrfan), literally ‘knowledge, awareness, wisdom’, is gnosis. Islamic mysticism can be considered as a vast range that engulfs theoretical and practical and conventional mysticism, but the concept of Irfan is emphasised mostly within the Shia sect of Islam. Concept of Irfan in Sunni mysticism According to the founder of the Qadiriyya Tariqa, Sayyid Abdul Qadir Gilani Irfan is described as the acknowledgement of God's unity. This acknowledgement is achieved by studying under islamic scholars. One method how these scholars can help in gaining acknowledgement about God's unity is by giving more inside in the internal meaning of the practice of Islamic rituals, like the Salah. The reflection upon the practice of Islam with the knowledge of respected islamic scholars (in concreto Awliya Allah) is described by the Sayyid as "nearness to God", manifested in acknowledgement of him (Irfan).Sayyid Abdul Qadir Gilani in Sirr ul Asra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islam
Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ''Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the Muhammad in Islam, main and final Islamic prophet.Peters, F. E. 2009. "Allāh." In , edited by J. L. Esposito. Oxford: Oxford University Press. . (See alsoquick reference) "[T]he Muslims' understanding of Allāh is based...on the Qurʿān's public witness. Allāh is Unique, the Creator, Sovereign, and Judge of mankind. It is Allāh who directs the universe through his direct action on nature and who has guided human history through his prophets, Abraham, with whom he made his covenant, Moses/Moosa, Jesus/Eesa, and Muḥammad, through all of whom he founded his chosen communities, the 'Peoples of the Book.'" It is the Major religious groups, world's second-largest religion behind Christianity, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Twelver
Twelver Shīʿīsm ( ar, ٱثْنَا عَشَرِيَّة; '), also known as Imāmīyyah ( ar, إِمَامِيَّة), is the largest branch of Shīʿa Islam, comprising about 85 percent of all Shīʿa Muslims. The term ''Twelver'' refers to its adherents' belief in twelve divinely ordained leaders, known as the Twelve Imams, and their belief that the last Imam, Imam al-Mahdi, lives in Occultation and will reappear as ''The promised Mahdi'' ( ar, المهدي المنتظر). According to the Shīʿa tradition, the Mahdi's tenure will coincide with the Second Coming of Jesus (ʿĪsā), who, along with Mahdi, would kill the Dajjal. Twelvers believe that the Twelve Imams are the spiritual and political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. According to the theology of Twelvers, the Twelve Imams are exemplary human individuals who not only rule over the Muslim community (''Ummah'') with justice, but are also able to preserve and interpret the Islamic law (''sharīʿa'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transcendent Theosophy
Transcendent theosophy or al-hikmat al-muta’āliyah (حكمت متعاليه), the doctrine and philosophy developed by Persian philosopher Mulla Sadra (d.1635 CE), is one of two main disciplines of Islamic philosophy that are currently live and active. Overview The expression ''al-hikmat al-muta’āliyah'' comprises two terms: ''al-hikmat'' (meaning literally, ''wisdom''; and technically, ''philosophy'', and by contextual extension ''theosophy'') and ''muta’āliyah'' (meaning ''exalted'' or ''transcendent''). This school of Mulla Sadra in Islamic philosophy is usually called al-hikmat al-muta’āliyah. It is a most appropriate name for his school, not only for historical reasons, but also because the doctrines of Mulla Sadra are both hikmah or theosophy in its original sense and an intellectual vision of the transcendent which leads to the Transcendent Itself. So Mulla Sadra’s school is transcendent for both historical and metaphysical reasons. When Mulla Sadra talked a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ma'rifa
Maʿrifa (Arabic: “interior knowledge”) is the mystical knowledge of God or the “higher realities” that is the ultimate goal of followers of Sufism. Sufi mystics came to maʿrifa by following a spiritual path that later Sufi thinkers categorized into a series of “stations” that were followed by another series of steps, the “states,” through which the Sufi would come to union with God. The acquisition of maʿrifa was not the result of learnedness but was a type of gnosis in which the mystic received illumination through the grace of God. The finest expressions of maʿrifa can be found in the poetry of the Sufis Jalāl al-Dīn al-Rūmī (1207–73) and Ibn al-ʿArabī (1165–1240). The term arif'', "gnostic" has been used to designate advanced mystics who have attained the spiritual station of ''ma'rifa''. ''Maqaam'' In one of the earliest accounts of the '' maqamat-l arba'in'' ("forty stations") in Sufism, Sufi master Abu Said ibn Abi'l-Khayr lists ''ma'rifa'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irfan (name)
Irfan (also transliterated as Erfan, ar, عرفان) is an Arabic/Persian male given name, meaning "knowledge", "awareness" and "learning". Given name Irfan * Irfan_Khan _ (born 1982) pakistani Singer * Irfan Ahmed (born 1989), Pakistani cricketer * Irfan Bachdim (born 1988), Indonesian footballer * İrfan Başaran (born 1989), Turkish footballer * Irfan Habib (born 1931), Indian Marxist historian of ancient and medieval India * Irfan Husain, Pakistani writer and journalist * Irfan Khan (actor), Indian actor * Irfan Khoosat, Pakistani actor, producer and comedian * Irfan Ljubijankić, Bosnian doctor and surgeon, classical music composer, politician and diplomat * Irfan Makki, Canadian Muslim singer, songwriter of Pakistani origin * Irfan Mensur (born Irfan Kurić, 1952), Bosnian theatre, television and film actor * Irfan Orga, Turkish fighter pilot, staff officer and author * Irfan Pardesi, Pakistani Entrepreneur, Investor and Politician * Irfan Pathan, Indian cricketer * Irf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hikmah
''Hikmah'' (also ''Hikmat'', ar, حكمة, ', literally wisdom, philosophy; rationale, underlying reason, from Semitic root ) is a concept in Islamic philosophy and law. Mulla Sadra defined ''hikmah'' as "coming to know the essence of beings as they really are" or as "a man's becoming an intellectual world corresponding to the objective world". Various Islamic commentaries describe hikmah as "to know the best of things by way of the best of sciences ...", having experience, using "justice in judging", "knowledge of the reality of things", "that which prevents ignorance," putting "things in their proper places, assigning them to their proper status", etc. According to Ibn al-Qayyim, the highest and most exclusive of the three levels of hikmah are "reserved for the Companions over the rest of the Ummah, and it is the highest level that the slamicscholars can reach." As a term of ''fiqh'' (Islamic jurisprudence), Taqi Usmani describes it as "the wisdom and the philosophy taken i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmenistan to the north, by Afghanistan and Pakistan to the east, and by the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south. It covers an area of , making it the 17th-largest country. Iran has a population of 86 million, making it the 17th-most populous country in the world, and the second-largest in the Middle East. Its largest cities, in descending order, are the capital Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Karaj, Shiraz, and Tabriz. The country is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BC. It was first unified by the Medes, an ancient Iranian people, in the seventh century BC, and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BC, when Cyrus the Great fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mulla Sadra
Ṣadr ad-Dīn Muḥammad Shīrāzī, more commonly known as Mullā Ṣadrā ( fa, ملا صدرا; ar, صدر المتألهین) (c. 1571/2 – c. 1635/40 CE / 980 – 1050 AH), was a Persian Twelver Shi'i Islamic mystic, philosopher, theologian, and ‘Ālim who led the Iranian cultural renaissance in the 17th century. According to Oliver Leaman, Mulla Sadra is arguably the single most important and influential philosopher in the Muslim world in the last four hundred years. Though not its founder, he is considered the master of the Illuminationist (or, Ishraghi or Ishraqi) school of Philosophy, a seminal figure who synthesized the many tracts of the Islamic Golden Age philosophies into what he called the Transcendent Theosophy or ''al-hikmah al-muta’āliyah''. Mulla Sadra brought "a new philosophical insight in dealing with the nature of reality" and created "a major transition from essentialism to existentialism" in Islamic philosophy, although his existentialism ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Tabatabaei
Ali Qazi Tabatabai, also known as "Allamah Qadi" and "Ayatollah Qazi" (1285–1366 AH; 1869–1947 CE), was an Iranian alim (Islamic scholar) and mystic. He was the son of Husseyn and was born in Tabriz, Iran. He was born on 29 April 1866 in Tabriz. his father Sayyed Hosein Qazi was a prominent pupil of The grand Mirza Shirazi. His maternal grandfather, Mirza Mohsen, was a great jurist. Teachers He learned under supervision of great scholars. Some of them are as follows: Mirza Mousa Tabrizi, Muhammad Ali Qarcheh Daghi, Sayyed Hosein Qazi, Mirza Muhammad Taqi Tabrizi. Muhammad Kazem Khorasani ( Akhoond Khorasani), Mirza Fathollah Shariati, Mirza Hosein Tehrani, Sheykh Muhammad Kazem Yazdi, Fazel Sharabyani, Sheykh Muhammad Bahari, Sayyed Ahmad Karbalaei. Pupils Some of his pupils include: Allameh Sayyed Muhammad Hossein Tabatabaei,Shining Sun n Memory of Allamah Tabataba'i (A translation of Mihr-i-Taban) by Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Husayni Tihrani; Translation: Tawus Raja;- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allameh Hassan Hassanzadeh Amoli
''Allāmah'' ( ar, عَلَّامة, Urdu and , meaning "learned"), also spelled ''Allāma'' and ''Allama'' and “ Allameh “, is an Islamic honorary title for a profound scholar, a polymath, a man of vast reading and erudition, or a great learned one. The title is carried by scholars of Islamic fiqh (jurisprudence) and philosophy. It is used as an honorific in Sunni Islam as well as in Shia Islam, mostly in South Asia, the Middle East and Iran. Sunnis and Shias who have achieved scholarship in several disciplines are often referred to by the title. It is also used for philosophers, such as Allama Iqbal. See also * Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi * Shaykh al-Islām * List of ayatollahs * List of marjas References Arabic words and phrases Islamic honorifics Islamic scholars Noble titles Religious leadership roles Titles {{Arabic-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad-Taqi Bahjat Foumani
Grand Ayatollah Mohammad-Taqi Bahjat Foumani ( fa, محمدتقی بهجت فومنی) (24 August 1916 – 17 May 2009) was an Iranian Twelver Shia Marja'. Biography Mohammad-Taqi was born on 24 August 1916 in the Fouman, Gilan province in the north of Iran. Mohammad's mother died when he was at an early age and he lived with father. Bahjat's father sold cookies to gain as income. He started his primary education from Fouman. At the age 14, he went to Karbala and Najaf, Iraq for continuing his education in advance level. After returning to Iran on 1945, he resided in Qom and at the Qom Seminary, Mohammad-Taqi taught jurisprudence and theology. Teachers While he lived in Najaf, he was a student of Abu l-Hasan al-Isfahani, Shaikh Muhammad Kadhim Shirazi, Mirza Hussein Naini, Agha Zia Addin Araghi, and Shaikh Muhammad Hussain al-Gharawi. Also, Ali Tabatabaei (known as Ayatollah Qadhi) was his teacher in spirituality and gnosticism. In Qom, he attended the class of Ayatollah ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruhollah Khomeini
Ruhollah Khomeini, Ayatollah Khomeini, Imam Khomeini ( , ; ; 17 May 1900 – 3 June 1989) was an Iranian political and religious leader who served as the first supreme leader of Iran from 1979 until his death in 1989. He was the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution, which saw the overthrow of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and the end of the Persian monarchy. Following the revolution, Khomeini became the country's first supreme leader, a position created in the constitution of the Islamic Republic as the highest-ranking political and religious authority of the nation, which he held until his death. Most of his period in power was taken up by the Iran–Iraq War of 1980–1988. He was succeeded by Ali Khamenei on 4 June 1989. Khomeini was born in Khomeyn, in what is now Iran's Markazi province. His father was murdered in 1903 when Khomeini was two years old. He began studying the Quran and Arabic from a young age and was assiste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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