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Hyoscyameae
Hyoscyameae is an Old World tribe of the subfamily Solanoideae of the flowering plant family Solanaceae. It comprises eight genera: ''Anisodus'', '' Archihyoscyamus'', ''Atropa'', ''Atropanthe'', ''Hyoscyamus'', ''Physochlaina'', ''Przewalskia'' and ''Scopolia''. The genera ''Archihyoscyamus'', ''Atropanthe'' and ''Przewalskia'' are monotypic, the first being endemic to Turkey and Iran, the second to China and the third to Tibet. All eight genera of the tribe are poisonous and have a long tradition of use as medicinal plants, being rich in tropane alkaloids with anticholinergic properties. Furthermore, the genera ''Atropa'', ''Hyoscyamus'', ''Scopolia'' and ''Physochlaina'' have furnished entheogens - the first three in the historical context of European witchcraft and, more specifically, of the flying ointments employed in such practices, while the similar chemistry of the remaining genera points to the potential for entheogenic use. Six of the genera have dry, pyxidial fruits i. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solanaceae
The Solanaceae , or nightshades, are a family of flowering plants that ranges from annual and perennial herbs to vines, lianas, epiphytes, shrubs, and trees, and includes a number of agricultural crops, medicinal plants, spices, weeds, and ornamentals. Many members of the family contain potent alkaloids, and some are highly toxic, but many—including tomatoes, potatoes, eggplant, bell and chili peppers—are used as food. The family belongs to the order Solanales, in the asterid group and class Magnoliopsida ( dicotyledons). The Solanaceae consists of about 98 genera and some 2,700 species, with a great diversity of habitats, morphology and ecology. The name Solanaceae derives from the genus ''Solanum''. The etymology of the Latin word is unclear. The name may come from a perceived resemblance of certain solanaceous flowers to the sun and its rays. At least one species of ''Solanum'' is known as the "sunberry". Alternatively, the name could originate from the Latin verb ''sol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scopolia
''Scopolia'' is a genus of four species of flowering plants in the family Solanaceae, native to Europe and Asia. The genus is named after Giovanni Scopoli (1723–88), a Tyrolean naturalist. The genus has a disjunct distribution, with two recognised species in Central to Eastern Europe, (including the Caucasus), and two species in East Asia. The two European species are: *''Scopolia carniolica'' Jacq. of Slovenia, Austria and the Carpathian Mountains *''Scopolia caucasica'' Kolesn. ex Kreyer of the Caucasus and the two Asiatic species are: *''Scopolia lutescens'' Y.N. Lee of Korea *''Scopolia japonica'' Maxim. of Japan The four species in the equally medicinal genus ''Anisodus'' *''Anisodus tanguticus'' (Maxim.) Pascher *''Anisodus luridus'' Link ex Spreng. *''Anisodus carniolicoides'' (C.Y.Wu & C.Chen) D'Arcy & Z.Y.Zhang *''Anisodus acutangulus'' C.Y.Wu & C.Chen have in the past been placed in the genus Scopolia, as has the monotypic genus Atropanthe with its single spe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anisodus Tanguticus
''Anisodus tanguticus (ཐང་ཕྲོམ་ནག་པོ། in Tibetan) '' is a species of flowering plant belonging to tribe Hyoscyameae of subfamily Solanoideae of the nightshade family Solanaceae. It is thus closely related to Hyoscyamus niger, Henbane and Atropa belladonna, Deadly Nightshade. Solanaceae is a plant family which includes many important agricultural plants such as the potato and the tomato. It is mostly found growing in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. ''A. tanguticus'' is collected and used mostly for its medicinal effects caused by the plant's biologically active nicotine and tropane alkaloids. It has a significant impact in China as one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine. Scientific name The generic name ''Anisodus'' is a compound of the Ancient Greek, Greek words (, 'unequal') and (, 'tooth'), hence signifying 'having teeth of different lengths' – so called from the observation that certain species have calyces featuring lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solanoideae
Solanoideae is a subfamily of the flowering plant family Solanaceae, and is sister to the subfamily Nicotianoideae. Within Solanaceae, Solanoideae contains some of the most economically important genera and species, such as the tomato (''Solanum lycopersicum''), potato (''Solanum tuberosum''), eggplant or aubergine (''Solanum melongena''), chili and bell peppers (''Capsicum'' spp.), mandrakes ('' Mandragora'' spp.), and jimson weed (''Datura stramonium''). This subfamily consists of several well-established tribes: Capsiceae, Datureae, Hyoscyameae, Juanulloeae, Lycieae, Nicandreae, Nolaneae, Physaleae, Solandreae, and Solaneae. The subfamily also contains the contended tribes Mandragoreae and Jaboroseae. Tribal relationships The relationship between the tribes has recently been well described. Nicandreae is the most basal tribe of the family, placing sister to the other 9 (or by some counts 11) tribes. Datureae lies sister to Nicandreae, Physaleae, Capsiceae, and Solaneae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scopolia Japonica
''Scopolia japonica'', also Japanese belladonna or Korean scopolia, is a flowering plant species in the genus ''Scopolia'' - one of the eight genera in tribe Hyoscyameae of the nightshade family Solanaceae. The coumarins umbelliferone and scopoletin have been isolated from the roots of ''Scopolia japonica''. The hairy roots technique has also been used to produce the alkaloids scopolamine and hyoscyamine Hyoscyamine (also known as daturine or duboisine) is a naturally occurring tropane alkaloid and plant toxin. It is a secondary metabolite found in certain plants of the family Solanaceae, including henbane, mandrake, angel's trumpets, jimsonweed .... Gallery File:미치광이풀.JPG, Plant in flower. File:Scopolia japonica-06.JPG, Single flower (interior). File:Eykman1883-Scopoliae Rhizoma.jpg, ''Scopoliae Rhizoma'' (root of ''Scopolia japonica'') References Hyoscyameae Poisonous plants Flora of Japan {{Solanales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atropa
''Atropa'' is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family, Solanaceae: tall, calcicole, herbaceous perennials (rhizomatous hemicryptophytes), bearing large leaves and glossy berries particularly dangerous to children, due to their combination of an attractive, cherry-like appearance with a high toxicity. Atropa species favour temperate climates and alkaline soils, often growing in light shade in woodland environments associated with limestone hills and mountains. Their seeds can remain viable in the soil for long periods, germinating when the soil of sites in which plants once grew (but from which plants have long been absent) is disturbed by human activity or by natural causes, e.g. the windthrow of trees (a property shared by the seeds of other Solanaceae in tribe Hyoscyameae e.g. those of Hyoscyamus spp., the henbanes). The best-known member of the genus Atropa is deadly nightshade ('' A. belladonna'') - the poisonous plant ''par excellence'' in the minds of many. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atropa Baetica
''Atropa baetica'' is one of Europe's rarest wildflowers. A close relative of the infamous deadly nightshade (''Atropa belladonna'') its specific name derives from that of the Roman province of Hispania Baetica, while its common name refers to the Spanish region of Andalucía – both designating the area in the south of Spain where it is most frequently encountered. It is an attractive, perennial herbaceous plant bearing infundibuliform (i.e. funnel-shaped), yellow or greenish flowers and shiny, black berries. Like the other three (generally accepted) species of Atropa, it is an extremely poisonous plant, containing a variety of tropane alkaloids with anticholinergic, deliriant, antispasmodic and mydriatic properties. Although most populations of the plant are to be found in Spain, it is not wholly confined to the Iberian Peninsula of Europe, occurring also in certain localities in Morocco (e.g. the Talassemtane National Park) and Algeria in the Atlas Mountains (Rif, Tell Atlas a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physochlaina
''Physochlaina'' is a small genus of herbaceous perennial flowering plants belonging to the nightshade family, Solanaceae, found principally in the north-western provinces of China (and regions adjoining these in the Himalaya and Central Asia) although one species occurs in Western Asia, while another is found as far east as those regions of Siberia abutting the eastern borders of Mongolia and, furthermore, not only in Mongolia itself, but also in the Chinese autonomous region of Inner Mongolia. Some sources maintain that the widespread species ''P. physaloides'' is found also in Japan, but the species is not recorded as being native in one of the few English-language floras of the country. The genus is a valuable one, since its species are not only of considerable medicinal value, being rich in tropane alkaloids, but also of ornamental value, three species having been grown for the purpose, although hitherto infrequently outside botanical gardens. Furthermore, the genus conta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scopolia Carniolica
''Scopolia carniolica'', the European scopolia or henbane bell, is a poisonous plant belonging to the family Solanaceae. It has dark violet flowers on long hanging stems. It grows to in height. Its toxicity derives from its high levels of tropane alkaloids, particularly atropine. The concentration of atropine is highest in the roots. ''Scopolia carniolica'' grows on wet soils in beech forests of Southeastern Europe from lowlands to the mountainous zones, being native to a region stretching from the eastern Alps to the eastern Carpathians and also naturalised farther east in southwestern European Russia, Russia.Starý, František, Poisonous Plants (Hamlyn colour guides) – pub. Paul Hamlyn April, 1984, translated from the Czech by Olga Kuthanová. The rare form ''Scopolia carniolica'' f. ''hladnikiana'' (which differs from the common form in having a Corolla (flower), corolla that is greenish yellow, both inside and out) is native to Slovenia. ''Scopolia carniolica'' was first d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atropa Belladonna
''Atropa belladonna'', commonly known as belladonna or deadly nightshade, is a toxic perennial herbaceous plant in the nightshade family Solanaceae, which also includes tomatoes, potatoes, and eggplant (aubergine). It is native to Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia. Its distribution extends from Great Britain in the west to western Ukraine and the Iranian province of Gilan in the east. It is also naturalised or introduced in some parts of Canada and the United States. The foliage and berries are extremely toxic when ingested, containing tropane alkaloids. These toxins include atropine, scopolamine, and hyoscyamine, which cause delirium and hallucinations, and are also used as pharmaceutical anticholinergics. Tropane alkaloids are of common occurrence not only in the Old World tribes Hyoscyameae (to which the genus Atropa belongs) and Mandragoreae, but also in the New World tribe Datureae - all of which belong to the subfamily Solanoideae of the plant family Solanaceae. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anisodus
''Anisodus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Solanaceae. Habitat It is native to China, Tibet, India, Bhutan, and Nepal. Medicinal uses One species, ''Anisodus tanguticus'' (), is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine. Species *''Anisodus acutangulus'' C.Y.Wu & C.Chen **''Anisodus acutangulus'' var. acutangulus **''Anisodus acutangulus'' var. breviflorus C.Y.Wu & C.Chen *''Anisodus carniolicoides'' (C.Y.Wu & C.Chen) D'Arcy & Z.Y.Zhang *''Anisodus luridus'' Link ex Spreng. *''Anisodus tanguticus ''Anisodus tanguticus (ཐང་ཕྲོམ་ནག་པོ། in Tibetan) '' is a species of flowering plant belonging to tribe Hyoscyameae of subfamily Solanoideae of the nightshade family Solanaceae. It is thus closely related to Hyoscyamus ...'' (Maxim.) Pascher Gallery File:Anisodus luridus (18347062049).jpg, ''Anisodous luridus'' in flower File:Anisodus luridus (18345559270).jpg, ''Anisodus luridus'' showing bud and interior of flo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyoscyamus Niger
''Hyoscyamus niger'', commonly known as henbane, black henbane, or stinking nightshade, is a poisonous plant in the nightshade family Solanaceae. It is native to temperate Europe and Siberia, and naturalised in Great Britain and Ireland. Historical use The name ''henbane'' dates at least to AD 1265. The origins of the word are unclear, but "hen" probably originally meant death rather than referring to chickens. Other etymologies of the word associate it with the Indo-European stem ''*bhelena'' whose hypothetical meaning is 'crazy plant' and with the Proto-Germanic element ''bil'' meaning ‘vision, hallucination; magical power, miraculous ability’. Henbane was historically used in combination with other plants, such as mandrake, deadly nightshade, and datura, as an anaesthetic potion, as well as for its psychoactive properties in "magic brews". These psychoactive properties include visual hallucinations and a sensation of flight.Schultes & Smith 1976, p. 22 It was originally ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
