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Herat Campaign Of 1862–1863
The Herat campaign of 1862–1863 was a conflict between the Principality of Herat and the Emirate of Afghanistan, from March 1862, when Sultan Jan captured Farah from the Muhammadzai Emirs and continued through the 10-month long siege of Herat, ending on May 27, 1863, when the city fell to the Amir-i Kabir, thus completing the unification of Afghanistan. Background and causes of the war Herat Herat had been an independent state since 1818, after the Sadozais were expelled from Kabul and Kandahar by the Barakzais. It had been a bone of contention between the Barakzais and Qajars for quite some time. Iran made dozens of attempts to conquer Herat (1807, 1811, 1814, 1817, 1818, 1821, 1833, 1837). Eventually in early 1842, Kamran Shah, the last reigning Sadozai ruler of Herat, was deposed and brutally murdered by his vizier, Yar Mohammad Khan Alakozai. He expanded the country towards the Chahar Wilayat, subdued the Aimaq tribes, and conquered Sistan. In 1851, Yar Mohammad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herat
Herāt (; Persian: ) is an oasis city and the third-largest city of Afghanistan. In 2020, it had an estimated population of 574,276, and serves as the capital of Herat Province, situated south of the Paropamisus Mountains (''Selseleh-ye Safēd Kōh'') in the fertile valley of the Hari River in the western part of the country. An ancient civilization on the Silk Road between the Middle East, Central and South Asia, it serves as a regional hub in the country's west. Herat dates back to Avestan times and was traditionally known for its wine. The city has a number of historic sites, including the Herat Citadel and the Musalla Complex. During the Middle Ages Herat became one of the important cities of Khorasan, as it was known as the ''Pearl of Khorasan''. After the conquest of Tamerlane, the city became an important center of intellectual and artistic life in the Islamic world. Under the rule of Shah Rukh the city served as the focal point of the Timurid Renaissance, whose glor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kolkata
Kolkata (, or , ; also known as Calcutta , the official name until 2001) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal, on the eastern bank of the Hooghly River west of the border with Bangladesh. It is the primary business, commercial, and financial hub of Eastern India and the main port of communication for North-East India. According to the 2011 Indian census, Kolkata is the seventh-most populous city in India, with a population of 45 lakh (4.5 million) residents within the city limits, and a population of over 1.41 crore (14.1 million) residents in the Kolkata Metropolitan Area. It is the third-most populous metropolitan area in India. In 2021, the Kolkata metropolitan area crossed 1.5 crore (15 million) registered voters. The Port of Kolkata is India's oldest operating port and its sole major riverine port. Kolkata is regarded as the cultural capital of India. Kolkata is the second largest Bengali-speaking city after Dhaka ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sher Ali Khan
Sher Ali Khan (); c. 1825 – 21 February 1879) was Amir of Afghanistan from 1863 to 1866 and from 1868 until his death in 1879. He was one of the sons of Dost Mohammed Khan, founder of the Barakzai dynasty in Afghanistan. Life Sher Ali Khan was born into a Pashtun family, Initially he seized power when his father died, but was quickly ousted by his older brother, Mohammad Afzal Khan. Internecine warfare followed until Sher Ali Khan defeated his brother and regained the title of Emir. Reforms Sher Ali Khan's reign as Amir is often remembered for his attempts at reforming Barakzai rule in Afghanistan. Changes brought during the period of Sher Ali Khan's rule include the creation of governmental posts, military reform, the introduction of the first postal service in Afghanistan and the first attempts of an Afghan leader at promoting the Pashto language. Sher Ali Khan tried to limit the power of the Barakzai sardars. He didn't allow his sons to administer provinces and ins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jalalabad
Jalalabad (; Dari/ ps, جلالآباد, ) is the fifth-largest city of Afghanistan. It has a population of about 356,274, and serves as the capital of Nangarhar Province in the eastern part of the country, about from the capital Kabul. Jalalabad is located at the junction of the Kabul River and the Kunar River in a plateau to the south of the Hindu Kush mountains. It is linked by the Kabul-Jalalabad Road to the west and Peshawar in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, to the east through Torkham and the Khyber Pass. Jalalabad is a leading center of social and trade activity because of its proximity with the Torkham border checkpoint and border crossing, away. Major industries include papermaking, as well as agricultural products including oranges, lemon, rice, and sugarcane, helped by its warm climate. It hosts Afghanistan's second largest educational institute, Nangarhar University. For centuries the city has been favored by Afghan kings and it is a cultural significance in Afg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tagab District, Kapisa
The Tagab District (from Pashto تګاب ولسوالۍ, "lone stream", fa, ولسوالی تگاب) is situated in the eastern part of Kapisa Province, Afghanistan. It borders Parvan Province to the West, Mahmud Raqi and Nijrab districts to the North, Alasay District to the East and Kabul Province to the South-East. The population is 71,700 (2006) with Pashtun being the majority and the Pashai a minority. The district center is the village of ''"Tamir" (تعمیر)'' in Dari, located in the western part of the district. Villages Tagab district is 40 kms away from the Province center Mahmud Raqi. Tagab has 140 villages that are interwoven together in a relatively flat mountainous valley. ٍEducation Although the majority of the districts in Kapisa province had government run schools, according to an estimate in 2007, 103 more schools were needed to fulfill the educational need of the province. Of the districts of Kapisa, Tagab and Alasay Districts were the two districts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tajiks In Afghanistan
Tajiks ( fa, تاجيک، تاجک, ''Tājīk, Tājek''; tg, Тоҷик) are a Persian-speaking Iranian ethnic group native to Central Asia, living primarily in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Tajiks are the largest ethnicity in Tajikistan, and the second-largest in Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. They speak varieties of Persian, a Western Iranian language. In Tajikistan, since the 1939 Soviet census, its small Pamiri and Yaghnobi ethnic groups are included as Tajiks. In China, the term is used to refer to its Pamiri ethnic groups, the Tajiks of Xinjiang, who speak the Eastern Iranian Pamiri languages. In Afghanistan, the Pamiris are counted as a separate ethnic group. As a self-designation, the literary New Persian term ''Tajik'', which originally had some previous pejorative usage as a label for eastern Persians or Iranians, has become acceptable during the last several decades, particularly as a result of Soviet administration in Central Asia. Alternative names for t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hazarajat Campaign Of 1843
The Hazarajat Campaign of 1843 began as a result of the post First Anglo-Afghan War situation in Afghanistan. Behsud and Bamiyan had broken away from Afghan rule as a result of the war, and Dost Mohammad sought to reconquer it following his resumption of power in Kabul. Background In the First Anglo-Afghan War, deposed Durrani ruler, Shah Shuja Durrani, wished to regain the throne and restore the Sadozai Dynasty in power of Afghanistan once again. Shah Shuja successfully invaded in 1839 with the aid of the British. Shah Shuja would rule from 1839 to 1842 before being defeated by the sons of Dost Mohammad Khan, notably Wazir Akbar Khan. Dost Mohammad was restored to the throne of Kabul following this, and began to plan the re-conquest of territories that had split as a result of the war such as Bamyan and Behsud, as well as aiming to conquer other Hazara tribes in the region. Campaign The campaign began shortly after the failed subjugation attempt of Kunar led by Akb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bamyan
Bamyan or Bamyan Valley (); ( prs, بامیان) also spelled Bamiyan or Bamian is the capital of Bamyan Province in central Afghanistan. Its population of approximately 70,000 people makes it the largest city in Hazarajat. Bamyan is at an altitude of about above sea level. The Bamyan Airport is located in the middle of the city. The driving distance between Bamyan and Kabul in the southeast is approximately . The Band-e-Amir National Park is to the west, about a half-hour drive from the city of Bamyan. Bamyan is referred to by some as the "Shining Light" and "Valley of Gods". There are several tourist attractions near the city, including the Buddhas of Bamyan, which were carved into cliffs on the north side of Bamyan city in the 6th and 7th century CE, dating them to the Hephthalite rule. Other attractions close to the city include Shahr-e Gholghola and Zuhak. In 2008, Bamyan was found to be the home of the world's oldest oil paintings. At the end of the 10th century, there ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daikundi (Hazara Tribe)
Daikundi also spelled as Dai Kundi, ( prs, دایکندی) is one of the major tribes of Hazara people in Afghanistan mostly in Hazaristan (Hazarajat) region. They live in Daikundi Province and the Lal Wa Sarjangal, Chaghcharan, Dawlatabad, Charsadda and Pasaband districts of Ghor Province. Daikundis remained secluded and unhinged from the devastation and the resulting uprooting of different Hazara tribes, after the Battle of Uruzgan. The Daikundi have traditionally been very closely allied with the Daizangi. Subsets of the Daikundi include the Ainak, Alak, Babuli, Baibagh, Barat, Bubak, Chahkuk, Chahush, Chora, Dawlat Beg, Doda, Fihristan, Haider Beg, Jami, Jasha, Kalanzai, Kaum-i-Ali, Khudi, Khushak, Mamaka, Mir Hazar, Neka, Roshan Beg, and Saru. Daikundi Province was created from the upper half of the Uruzgan province Uruzgan (Dari), also spelled as Urozgan or Oruzgan, is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. Uruzgan is located in the center of the country. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daizangi (Hazara Tribe)
Daizangi, also spelled as Dai Zangi, ( prs, دایزنگی), is one of the major tribes of the Hazaras of Hazarajat in central Afghanistan. They inhabit the Bamyan, Yakawlang, Panjab and Waras districts of Bamyan Province, the Shahristan in Daikundi Province, and Lal Wa Sarjangal in Ghor Province. The 19th-century Hazara Mir Elkhani, Mir Naser Beg, Mir Azeem Beg was the mir of the Daizangi who led the final battle of the Hazaras against Abdur Rahman Khan in the battle of Uruzgan. He was exiled to Bokhara in present-day Uzbekistan, where he wrote his memoirs "Yad e Guzishta", Memories of the past. The Daizangi sub-tribes include the Bubali, Gedi, Kamyaba, Kut-daghi, Khushamadi, Kirigu, Miramur, Qaraqul Daghi, Sag Deh, Sag Jui, Sag-Pae, Sehpai, Takana, Takash, Urarus, and Yangur. See also * List of Hazara tribes * Daizangi Daizangi ( prs, دایزنگی) is one of the large and historical residential areas of Hazaristan (Hazarajat) which is located in the central regions of Afgh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Behsud (Hazara Tribe)
Behsudi or Behsud ( prs, بهسودی) are one of the major tribes of the Hazara people in Afghanistan. History The notable history of the Behsud tribe starts from the 19th-century when the 19th-century Behsud chieftain Mir Yazdan Bakhsh was one of the first Hazara chiefs, who tried in vain to unify all Hazaras. In the Hazara resistance against the Soviet Union and later the Taliban most of the modern Hazara political leadership has emerged from the Behsuds. Afghan leaders from the Behsud tribe include Sultan Ali Keshtmand, the Prime Minister of Afghanistan from 1981 to 1989. Notable people * Karim Khalili, former vice president of Afghanistan. * Sultan Ali Keshtmand, the communist Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1981–1990). * Mir Yazdan Bakhsh, an early 19th-century Hazara chieftain. * Sharbat Ali Changezi, Air Marshall Pakistan Air Force. * Haji Kazim Yazdani, historical researcher and writer. * Rohullah Nikpai, Taekwondo practitioner and two-time Olympic bronze medali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hazarajat
Hazaristan ( fa, هزارستان, Hazāristān), or Hazarajat ( fa, هزارهجات, Hazārajāt) is a mostly mountainous region in the central highlands of Afghanistan, among the Koh-i-Baba mountains in the western extremities of the Hindu Kush. It is the homeland of the Hazara people who make up the majority of its population. "Hazarajat denotes an ethnic and religious zone." Hazarajat is primarily made up of the provinces of Bamyan, Daykundi, Ghor and large parts of Ghazni, Uruzgan, Parwan, Maidan Wardak and more. The most populous towns in Hazarajat are Bamyan, Yakawlang (Bamyan), Nili (Daykundi), Lal wa Sarjangal (Ghor), Sang-e-Masha (Ghazni), Gizab (Uruzgan) and Behsud (Maidan Wardak). The Kabul, Arghandab, Helmand, Farah, Hari, Murghab, Balkh and Kunduz rivers originate from Hazarajat. Etymology and usage The name "Hazara" first appears in the 16th-century book '' Baburnama'', written by Mughal Emperor Babur. When the famous geographer Ibn Battuta arrived ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
