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Hadrosauromorpha
Hadrosauromorpha is a clade of iguanodontian ornithopods, defined in 2014 by David B. Norman to divide Hadrosauroidea into the basal taxa with compressed manual bones and a pollex, and the derived taxa that lack them. The clade is defined as all the taxa closer to ''Edmontosaurus regalis'' than '' Probactrosaurus gobiensis''. This results in different taxon inclusion depending on the analysis. Classification Hadrosauromorpha was first used in literature by David B. Norman in 2014 in a discussion of phylogenetics of ''Hypselospinus''. In his 2014 paper Norman references another of his publications as the authority for Hadrosauromorpha, a chapter in the book ''Hadrosaurs''. However, the book was in fact published later, in 2015. Following Article 19.4 of the PhyloCode, the authorship of the clade is thus Norman (2015), while the authorship of the definition is Norman (2014). Definition Hadrosauromorpha was defined by Norman (2014 and 2015) as hadrosauroid taxa closer to ''Edmon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eolambia
''Eolambia'' (meaning "dawn lambeosaurine") is a genus of herbivorous hadrosauroid dinosaur from the early Late Cretaceous of the United States. It contains a single species, ''E. caroljonesa'', named by paleontologist James Kirkland in 1998. The type specimen of ''Eolambia'' was discovered by Carole and Ramal Jones in 1993; the species name honors Carole. Since then, hundreds of bones have been discovered from both adults and juveniles, representing nearly every element of the skeleton. All of the specimens have thus far been found in Emery County, Utah, in a layer of rock known as the Mussentuchit Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation. Measuring up to long, ''Eolambia'' is a large member of its group. While it closely approaches the Asian hadrosauroids ''Equijubus'', ''Probactrosaurus'', and ''Choyrodon'', in traits of the skull, vertebrae, and limbs, it may actually be more closely related to the North American ''Protohadros''. This grouping, based on the straightness of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tethyshadros
''Tethyshadros'' ("Tethys Ocean, Tethyan hadrosauroid") is a genus of hadrosauroidea, hadrosauroid dinosaur from Trieste, Italy. The type and only species is ''T. insularis''. Discovery and naming Sometime in the 1980s, Alceo Tarlao and Giorgio Rimoli reported finding fragments of dinosaur bone while prospecting for rare bones. The abandoned quarry these were found in was only 100m inland, at Villagio del Pescatore, Trieste Province, Italy. It was from this quarry that a nearly complete hadrosaur skeleton was discovered in 1994. Lying on a vertical rockface, the specimen required a difficult excavation process, involving the removal of over 300 cubic metres of mineral and use of large equipment. Palaeontologist Fabio Della Vacchia among others served as scientific director for the excavation. Many other fossils, including various other hadrosaur specimens, were uncovered in the process. The main skeleton was not extracted until 1999. The significance of the find was immediately ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fylax
''Fylax'' (meaning "keeper") is a genus of hadrosauroid ornithopod from the Late Cretaceous Figuerola Formation of Spain. The genus contains a single species, ''Fylax thyrakolasus'', known from a nearly complete left dentary. Discovery and naming The holotype of ''Fylax'', IPS-36338, a left dentary, was discovered in the early 1990s. It was found in the Figuerola Formation in Lleida province, northeastern Spain. It was initially described in 1999.Casanovas, M.L., Pereda Suberbiola, X.P., Santafé, J.V., and Weishampel, D.B. 1999. "A primitive euhadrosaurian dinosaur from the uppermost Cretaceous of the Ager syncline (southern Pyrenees, Catalonia)". ''Geologie en Mijnbouw'' 78: 345–356 In 2021, Albert Prieto-Márquez and Miguel Ángel Carrera Farias described the dentary as belonging to a new genus of hadrosauroid dinosaur. The generic name, ''Fylax,'' comes from the modern Greek, fýlax (keeper), and the specific name, ''thyrakolasus'', comes from the Greek thýra (gate) and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hadrosauroidea
Hadrosauroidea is a clade or superfamily of ornithischian dinosaurs that includes the "duck-billed" dinosaurs, or hadrosaurids, and all dinosaurs more closely related to them than to ''Iguanodon''. Their remains have been recovered in Asia, Europe, Africa and the Americas. Many primitive hadrosauroids, such as the Asian ''Probactrosaurus'' and ''Altirhinus'', have traditionally been included in a paraphyly, paraphyletic (unnatural grouping) "Iguanodontidae". With cladistics, cladistic analysis, the traditional Iguanodontidae has been largely disbanded, and probably includes only ''Iguanodon'' and perhaps its closest relatives. Classification The cladogram below follows an analysis by Andrew McDonald, 2012, and shows the position of Hadrosauroidea within Styracosterna. The cladogram below follows an analysis by Wu Wenhao and Pascal Godefroit (2012). Cladogram after Prieto-Marquez and Norell (2010). A phylogenetic analysis performed by Ramírez-Velasco ''et al.'' (2012) foun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lophorhothon
''Lophorhothon'' is a genus of hadrosauroid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous, the first genus of dinosaur discovered in Alabama, in the United States. Discovery and naming Remains of this small, poorly known perhaps saurolophine dinosaur were first discovered during the 1940s, from extensive erosional outcrops of the lower unnamed member of the Mooreville Chalk Formation (Selma Group; lower and middle Campanian) in Dallas County, Alabama, Dallas County, west of the town of Selma, Alabama. The taxon has since also been reported from Black Creek Formation (Campanian) of North Carolina. The holotype, which is housed in the collections of the Field Museum of Natural History, Field Museum in Chicago, consists of a fragmentary and disarticulated skull and incomplete postcranial skeleton. The length on the holotype specimen has been estimated as . The genus was named by Wann Langston in 1960. It was thought to be the only species of hadrosaur from that fossil formation, until 2016 w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Cretaceous
The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the younger of two epochs into which the Cretaceous Period is divided in the geologic time scale. Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous Series. The Cretaceous is named after ''creta'', the Latin word for the white limestone known as chalk. The chalk of northern France and the white cliffs of south-eastern England date from the Cretaceous Period. Climate During the Late Cretaceous, the climate was warmer than present, although throughout the period a cooling trend is evident. The tropics became restricted to equatorial regions and northern latitudes experienced markedly more seasonal climatic conditions. Geography Due to plate tectonics, the Americas were gradually moving westward, causing the Atlantic Ocean to expand. The Western Interior Seaway divided North America into eastern and western halves; Appalachia and Laramidia. India maintained a northward course towards Asia. In the Southern Hemisphere, Australia and Ant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shuangmiaosaurus
''Shuangmiaosaurus'' is a genus of herbivorous ornithischian dinosaur which lived during the late Albian age of the Early Cretaceous Period, about 100 million years ago.Carpenter, K. and Ishida, Y. (2010).Early and “Middle” Cretaceous Iguanodonts in Time and Space. ''Journal of Iberian Geology'', 36 (2): 145-164 It was an iguanodont euornithopod which lived in China. The type species, ''Shuangmiaosaurus gilmorei'', was named and described by You Hailu, Ji Qiang Li Jinglu and Li Yinxian in 2003. The generic name refers to the village of Shuangmiao in Beipiao in Liaoning Province, the site of the discovery. The specific name honours the American paleontologist Charles Whitney Gilmore. The holotype, specimen LPM 0165, was found in the Sunjiawan Formation, originally seen as dating to the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian to Turonian) but today considered to have been somewhat older. It consists of a partial left upper jaw and lower jaw, including the maxilla, part of the praemax ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tanius
''Tanius'' (meaning "of Tan") is a genus of hadrosauroid dinosaur. It lived in the Late Cretaceous of China. The type species, named and described in 1929 by Carl Wiman, is ''Tanius sinensis''. The generic name honours the Chinese paleontologist Tan Xichou ("H.C. Tan"). The specific epithet refers to China. In 2010 Gregory S. Paul estimated the length of ''Tanius'' at and its weight at . Discovery and species Tan, in April 1923, discovered the remains in the east of Shandong at the village of Ch'ing-kang-kou, ten kilometres southeast of Lai Yang. In October of the same year they were excavated by Tan's associate, the Austrian paleontologist Otto Zdansky. Although the specimen was originally rather complete, only parts could be salvaged. The holotype, PMU R.240, was recovered from the Jiangjunding Formation of the Wangshi Series dating from the Campanian. It consists of the back of the skull, which was flat and elongated. Other species originally assigned to ''Tanius'' have b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telmatosaurus
''Telmatosaurus'' (meaning "marsh lizard") is a genus of basal hadrosauromorph dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Romania. It was a relatively small hadrosaur, measuring approximately in length and in body mass, which has been explained as an instance of insular dwarfism. Discovery In 1895 some peasants presented Ilona Nopcsa, the daughter of their lord, with a dinosaur skull they had found at the estate Săcele in the district Hunedoara (then named Hunyad) in Transylvania. Ilona had an elder brother, Ferenc or Franz Nopcsa von Felső-Szilvás who was inspired by the find to become a paleontology student at the University of Vienna. In 1899 Nopcsa named the skull ''Limnosaurus transsylvanicus''. The generic name was derived from Greek λιμνή, ''limné'', "swamp", a reference to the presumed swamp-dwelling habits of hadrosaurs. The specific name referred to Transylvania. Later Nopcsa discovered that the name ''Limnosaurus'' had already been used by Othniel Charles Mars ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hadrosauridae
Hadrosaurids (), or duck-billed dinosaurs, are members of the ornithischian family Hadrosauridae. This group is known as the duck-billed dinosaurs for the flat duck-bill appearance of the bones in their snouts. The ornithopod family, which includes genera such as ''Edmontosaurus'' and ''Parasaurolophus'', was a common group of herbivores during the Late Cretaceous Period. Hadrosaurids are descendants of the Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous iguanodontian dinosaurs and had a similar body layout. Hadrosaurs were among the most dominant herbivores during the Late Cretaceous in Asia and North America, and during the close of the Cretaceous several lineages dispersed into Europe, Africa, South America and Antarctica. Like other ornithischians, hadrosaurids had a predentary bone and a pubic bone which was positioned backwards in the pelvis. Unlike more primitive iguanodonts, the teeth of hadrosaurids are stacked into complex structures known as dental batteries, which acted as effective g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yunganglong
''Yunganglong'' is an extinct genus of basal hadrosauroid dinosaur known from the early Late Cretaceous lower Zhumapu Formation of Zuoyun County, Shanxi Province of northeastern China. It contains a single species, ''Yunganglong datongensis''. Discovery and naming ''Yunganglong'' was first described and named by Run-Fu Wang, Hai-Lu You, Shi-Chao Xu, Suo-Zhu Wang, Jian Yi, Li-Juan Xie, Lei Jia and Ya-Xian Li in 2013 and the type species is ''Y. datongensis''. The generic name honors Yungang Grottoes, a UNESCO World Heritage site built in the 5th and 6th centuries about 50 km east of the fossil locality, and derived from ''long'' meaning "dragon" in Chinese. The specific name refers to the city of Datong, located in northern Shanxi province, where the holotype was found. ''Yunganglong'' is known solely from the holotype SXMG V 00001, field number ZY007, an associated but disarticulated partial skeleton housed at the Shanxi Museum of Geology. The holotype came from a sin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhanghenglong
''Zhanghenglong'' is an extinct genus of herbivorous hadrosauroid iguanodont dinosaur known from the Late Cretaceous (middle Santonian stage) Majiacun Formation in Xixia County of Henan Province, China. It contains a single species, ''Zhanghenglong yangchengensis'', represented by a disarticulated and partial cranium and postcranial skeleton. Discovery and naming In 2011, at Zhoujiagou in Henan the remains were uncovered of a euornithopod. In 2014, the type species ''Zhanghenglong yangchengensis'' was named and described by Xing Hai, Wang Deyou, Han Fenglu, Corwin Sullivan, Ma Qingyu, He Yiming, David Hone, Yan Ronghao, Du Fuming and Xu Xing. The generic name combines the name of the first century Chinese scientist Zhang Heng with ''long'', Mandarin for "dragon". The specific name refers to Yangcheng, an administrative unit during the Eastern Zhou, partially coinciding with the present Henan. The holotype, XMDFEC V0013, was found in the Majiacun Formation dating f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
