HLA-DR3

	HLA-DR3 HLA-DR3 is composed of the HLA-DR17 and HLA-DR18 split 'antigens' serotypes. DR3 is a component gene-allele of the AH8.1 haplotype in Northern and Western Europeans. Genes between B8 and DR3 on this haplotype are frequently associated with autoimmune disease. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with HLA-DR3 or HLA-DR4. Nearly half the US population has either DR3 or DR4 (only 1–3% have both), yet only a small percentage (about 0.5%) of these individuals will develop type 1 diabetes. Serology Some DR3 also react with HLA-DR17 and/or HLA-DR18. The DRB10304 primarily reacts with DR3. The serotypes of 0305, 0306, 0308 to 0331 are unknown. Disease associations By serotype HLA-DR3 is associated with early-age onset myasthenia gravis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis (along with DR5), primary sclerosing cholangitis, and opportunistic infections in AIDS, but lowered risk for cancers. It is also associated with membranous glomerulonephritis By allele DRB10301 (see HLA-DR17) DRB1* ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	HLA A1-B8-DR3-DQ2 HLA A1-B8-DR3-DQ2 haplotype (Also: ''AH8.1'', ''COX'', ''Super B8'', ''ancestral MHC 8.1'' or ''8.1 ancestral haplotype'') is a multigene haplotype that covers a majority of the human major histocompatibility complex on chromosome 6 (not to be confused with the HLA-DQ heterodimer DQ8.1). A multigene haplotype is set of inherited alleles covering several genes, or gene-alleles; common multigene haplotypes are generally the result of descent by common ancestry (share a recent common ancestor for that segment of the chromosome). Chromosomal recombination fragments multigene haplotypes as the distance to that ancestor increases in number of generations. The haplotype can be written in an extended form covering the major histocompatibility loci as follows: HLA A : Cw : B : DRB1 : DQA1 : DQB1 or shorthand A1::DQ2 There are many other gene-alleles within the haplotype, including more than 250 coding loci that produce transcripts. At 4.7 million nucleotides in length, A1::DQ2 is th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	HLA DR3-DQ2 HLA DR3-DQ2 is double serotype that specifically recognizes cells from individuals who carry a multigene HLA DR, DQ haplotype. Certain HLA DR and DQ genes have known involvement in autoimmune diseases. DR3- DQ2, a multigene haplotype, stands out in prominence because it is a factor in several prominent diseases, namely coeliac disease and juvenile diabetes. In coeliac disease, the DR3-DQ2 haplotype is associated with highest risk for disease in first degree relatives, highest risk is conferred by DQA10501:DQB10201 homozygotes and semihomozygotes of DQ2, and represents the overwhelming majority of risk. HLA DR3-DQ2 encodes DQ2.5cis isoform of HLA-DQ, this isoform is described frequently as 'the DQ2 isoform', but in actuality there are two major DQ2 isoform. The DQ2.5 isoform, however, is many times more frequently associated with autoimmune disease, and as a result to contribution of DQ2.2 is often ignored. The frequency of both diseases changes with respect to both the envi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	HLA-DQ2 HLA-DQ3 (DQ3) is a serotype group within HLA-DQ (DQ) serotyping system. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of β2 subset of DQ β-chains. The β-chain of DQ is encoded by HLA-DQB1 locus and DQ2 are encoded by the HLA-DQB1 allele group. This group currently contains two common alleles, DQB1 and DQB1. HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQB102 are almost synonymous in meaning. DQ2 β-chains combine with α-chains, encoded by genetically linked HLA-DQA1 alleles, to form the cis-haplotype isoforms. These isoforms, nicknamed DQ2.2 and DQ2.5, are also encoded by the DQA1 and DQA1 genes, respectively. DQ2 is most common in Western Europe, North Africa and East Africa. Highest frequencies are observed in parts of Spain and Ireland; this distribution correlates with the frequency of two of the most prevalent autoimmune diseases. There is also an increase in DQB1 in Central Asia, peaking in Kazakhstan and declining slowly west to east into China and finally Southeast Asia. DQA1 : DQB1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	HLA-DR52 HLA-DR52 is an HLA-DR serotype that recognizes gene products of HLA-DRB3 locus. Three allele groups can produce 35 isoforms. DRB3, DRB4, and DRB5 are minor DR beta-encoding loci, and they have been recognized as having distinct evolution, having diverged from DRB1 around 4 million years ago. The DRB3 locus is only apparent in a small subset of DR haplotypes, and most individuals lack DRB3. Alleles Associated diseases DR52 serotype is positively associated with systemic sclerosis, inflammatory myopathies, inclusion body myositis, DRB301 is positively associated with sarcoidosis, Grave's Disease, pulmonary sarcoidosis, DRB30101:DRB10301 is linked to Lofgren's syndrome DRB30202 is also linked to Grave's disease, serum IgG antibodies to ''Chlamydia pneumoniae'' with essential hypertension, acute necrotizing encephalopathy DRB30301 is weakly associated with anticardiolipin antibodies in SLE DRB30301:DRB11302 may be associated with Crohn's disease DRB1 linkage HLA-DRB3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 Type 1 diabetes (T1D), formerly known as juvenile diabetes, is an autoimmune disease that originates when cells that make insulin (beta cells) are destroyed by the immune system. Insulin is a hormone required for the cells to use blood sugar for energy and it helps regulate glucose levels in the bloodstream. Before treatment this results in high blood sugar levels in the body. The common symptoms of this elevated blood sugar are frequent urination, increased thirst, increased hunger, weight loss, and other serious complications. Additional symptoms may include blurry vision, tiredness, and slow wound healing. Symptoms typically develop over a short period of time, often a matter of weeks. The cause of type 1 diabetes is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The underlying mechanism involves an autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Diabetes is diagnosed by testing the level of sugar or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	HLA-DR17 HLA-DR17 (DR17) is an HLA- DR serotype that recognizes the DRB10301 and 0304 gene products. DR17 is found at high frequency in Western Europe (such as Western Ireland, N. Spain, Sardinia). DR17 is part of the broader antigen group HLA-DR3 and is very similar to the group HLA-DR18. Serology DR17 recognizes the DRB10301, 0304 alleles. Disease associations By serotype DR17 is associated with non-chronic sarcoidosis, infantile spasm/epilepsy, rabies vaccine-induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis and cardiovascular hypertrophy in subjects with arterial hypertension People with DR17 show a tendency toward benzylpenicilloyl allergies. By allele DRB10301: diabetes mellitus type 1, myositis, early onset Graves disease, type 1 autoimmune hepatitis, inflammatory inclusion body myositis. In autoimmune hepatitis, DRB10301 correlates with more severe and difficult to treat disease. By haplotype DRB10301:DQA105:DQB10201 is associated with diabetes mellitus type 1, ovarian cancer, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	HLA-B8 HLA-B8 (B8) is an HLA- B serotype. The serotype identifies the HLA-B08 gene products. (For terminology help see: HLA-serotype tutorial) HLA-B8, previously known as HL-A8 was one of the first identified of the HLA antigens. It coined the "Super B8" haplotype, also called the ancestral European haplotype because of its common occurrence in Europe, particular the isles and Scandinavia. B8 is a component gene-allele of the AH8.1 haplotype in Northern and Western Europeans. Genes between B8 and DR3 DR3 was a Danish national television channel, produced by the public service broadcaster, DR. The channel was mainly focused on sport, humor, science, music, documentary and fiction. It was launched on 28 January 2013, replacing DR HD. DR3 progr ... on this haplotype are frequently associated with autoimmune disease. Serotype Alleles References {{DEFAULTSORT:Hla-B8 0 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	HLA-DR HLA-DR is an MHC class II cell surface receptor encoded by the human leukocyte antigen complex on chromosome 6 region 6p21.31. The complex of HLA-DR (Human Leukocyte Antigen – DR isotype) and peptide, generally between 9 and 30 amino acids in length, constitutes a ligand for the T-cell receptor (TCR). HLA (human leukocyte antigens) were originally defined as cell surface antigens that mediate graft-versus-host disease. Identification of these antigens has led to greater success and longevity in organ transplant. Antigens most responsible for graft loss are HLA-DR (first six months), HLA-B (first two years), and HLA-A (long-term survival). Good matching of these antigens between host and donor is most critical for achieving graft survival. HLA-DR is also involved in several autoimmune conditions, disease susceptibility and disease resistance. It is also closely linked to HLA-DQ and this linkage often makes it difficult to resolve the more causative factor in disease. HLA-DR mol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Membranous Glomerulonephritis Membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) is a slowly progressive disease of the kidney affecting mostly people between ages of 30 and 50 years, usually white people (i.e., those of European, Middle Eastern, or North African ancestry.). It is the second most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults, with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) recently becoming the most common. Signs and symptoms Most people will present as nephrotic syndrome, with the triad of albuminuria, edema and low serum albumin (with or without kidney failure). High blood pressure and high cholesterol are often also present. Others may not have symptoms and may be picked up on screening, with urinalysis finding high amounts of protein loss in the urine. A definitive diagnosis of membranous nephropathy requires a kidney biopsy, though given the very high specificity of anti-PLA2R antibody positivity this can sometimes be avoided in patients with nephrotic syndrome and preserved kidney function Causes Tra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Dermatitis Herpetiformis Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is a chronic autoimmune blistering skin condition, characterised by intensely itchy blisters filled with a watery fluid. DH is a cutaneous manifestation of coeliac disease, although the exact causal mechanism is not known. DH is neither related to nor caused by herpes virus; the name means that it is a skin inflammation having an appearance (Latin: '' -formis'') similar to herpes. The age of onset is usually about 15–40, but DH also may affect children and the elderly. Men are slightly more affected than women. Estimates of DH prevalence vary from 1 in 400 to 1 in 10,000. It is most common in patients of northern European and northern Indian ancestry, and is associated with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotype HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 along with coeliac disease and gluten sensitivity. Dermatitis herpetiformis was first described by Louis Adolphus Duhring in 1884. A connection between DH and coeliac disease was recognized in 1967. Signs and symp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Coeliac Disease Coeliac disease (British English) or celiac disease (American English) is a long-term autoimmune disorder, primarily affecting the small intestine, where individuals develop intolerance to gluten, present in foods such as wheat, rye and barley. Classic symptoms include gastrointestinal problems such as chronic diarrhoea, abdominal distention, malabsorption, loss of appetite, and among children failure to grow normally. This often begins between six months and two years of age. Non-classic symptoms are more common, especially in people older than two years. There may be mild or absent gastrointestinal symptoms, a wide number of symptoms involving any part of the body, or no obvious symptoms. Coeliac disease was first described in childhood; however, it may develop at any age. It is associated with other autoimmune diseases, such as Type 1 diabetes mellitus and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, among others. Coeliac disease is caused by a reaction to gluten, a group of various prote ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Lupus, technically known as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in many parts of the body. Symptoms vary among people and may be mild to severe. Common symptoms include painful and swollen joints, fever, chest pain, hair loss, mouth ulcers, swollen lymph nodes, feeling tired, and a red rash which is most commonly on the face. Often there are periods of illness, called flares, and periods of remission during which there are few symptoms. The cause of SLE is not clear. It is thought to involve a mixture of genetics combined with environmental factors. Among identical twins, if one is affected there is a 24% chance the other one will also develop the disease. Female sex hormones, sunlight, smoking, vitamin D deficiency, and certain infections are also believed to increase a person's risk. The mechanism involves an immune response by autoantibodies against a person's own tissues. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]