HLA-B15

	HLA-B15 HLA-B15 (B15) is an HLA- B serotype. The serotype identifies the B15 gene-allele protein products of HLA-B. B15 is a broad antigen can be subdivided into several split antigens that are often used in characterization. These are B62, B63, B70, B71, B72, B75, B76, B77. B15 is the largest allele grouping for any known human autosomal locus, identified as of August 2008 there are more than 150 alleles and ~140 amino acid sequence variants from those gene products. Some of these alleles are discussed below. Other alleles, such as B46 evolved from B15. One reason for the diversity of this group is that B15 is among a group of alleles enriched in the original humans that left Africa and dispersed across East Asia and Australia. As people traveled east the frequency of many alleles dropped or disappeared from migrants. However B15 persisted, expanded and diversified. The wide range and complex environment selected for new alleles and promoted their expansion. B46 for exa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	HLA-B46 HLA-B46 (B46) is an HLA- B serotype. The serotype identifies the gene products of HLA-B4601 allele. B4601 resulted from a rare, interlocus, gene conversion between B62, probably B1501, and a HLA-C allele. B4601 is the most common HLA-B allele that does not have an origin within Africa, and estimated 400 million people in Eastern Asia carry a B46 allele. When found B4601 segregates with only 2 HLA-Cw alleles, A limited number of HLA-A and HLA-DRB1 alleles suggesting that the allele recently expanded from a limited sized group within SE Asia. Extremely low frequencies outside of Eastern Asia are indicators of a recent expansion of B46 from a recently small population. The frequency distribution suggests the ancestral B46 population was in SE China, or, potentially Burma (Myanmar or Laos, untested). B46 in Asia correlates with wet-rice farming. The exceptions are notable, it has been found in the Nivkhi on north-eastern Sakalin Island, the Ainu, and the Nivkhi-related (geneti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	HLA-B Alleles HLA-B (major histocompatibility complex, class I, B) is a human gene that provides instructions for making a protein that plays a critical role in the immune system. HLA-B is part of a family of genes called the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex. The HLA complex helps the immune system distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins made by foreign invaders such as viruses and bacteria. HLA is the human version of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a gene family that occurs in many species. Genes in this complex are separated into three basic groups: MHC class I, class I, MHC class II, class II, and MHC class III, class III. In humans, the HLA-B gene and two related genes, HLA-A and HLA-C, are the major genes in MHC class I. MHC class I genes provide instructions for making proteins that are present on the surface of almost all cells. On the cell surface, these proteins are bound to protein fragments (peptides) that have been exported from within the cell. MHC class ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Stevens–Johnson Syndrome Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a type of severe skin reaction. Together with toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and Stevens–Johnson/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN), it forms a spectrum of disease, with SJS being less severe. Erythema multiforme (EM) is generally considered a separate condition. Early symptoms of SJS include fever and flu-like symptoms. A few days later, the skin begins to blister and peel, forming painful raw areas. Mucous membranes, such as the mouth, are also typically involved. Complications include dehydration, sepsis, pneumonia and multiple organ failure. The most common cause is certain medications such as lamotrigine, carbamazepine, allopurinol, sulfonamide antibiotics and nevirapine. Other causes can include infections such as ''Mycoplasma pneumoniae'' and cytomegalovirus, or the cause may remain unknown. Risk factors include HIV/AIDS and systemic lupus erythematosus. The diagnosis of Stevens–Johnson syndrome is based on involvement of les ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	HLA-B63 HLA-B63 (B63) is an HLA- B serotype. The serotype identifies certain B15 gene-allele protein products of HLA-B. B63 is one of many split antigens of the broad antigen Broad(s) or The Broad(s) may refer to: People A slang term for a woman. * Broad (surname), a surname Places * Broad Peak, on the border between Pakistan and China, the 12th highest mountain on Earth * The Broads, a network of mostly nav ..., B15. B63 identifies the B1516 and B1517 allele products. Serotype Alleles References {{HLA-B serotypes 6 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	HLA-B70 HLA-B70 (B70) is an HLA- B serotype. The serotype identifies certain B15 gene-allele protein products of HLA-B. B70 is one of many split antigen Split(s) or The Split may refer to: Places Split, Croatia, the largest coastal city in Croatia * Split Island, Canada, an island in the Hudson Bay * Split Island, Falkland Islands * Split Island, Fiji, better known as Hạfliua Arts, entert ...s of the broad antigen, B15. Serotype Alleles References {{HLA-B serotypes 7 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	HLA-B62 HLA-B62 (B62) is an HLA- B serotype. The serotype identifies certain B15 gene-allele protein products of HLA-B. B62 is the largest of many split antigens of the broad antigen Broad(s) or The Broad(s) may refer to: People A slang term for a woman. * Broad (surname), a surname Places * Broad Peak, on the border between Pakistan and China, the 12th highest mountain on Earth * The Broads, a network of mostly nav ..., B15. B62 best identifies the B1501, B1504, B1507 B1525 and B1533 allele products. Serotype Alleles References {{HLA-B serotypes 6 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	HLA-B75 HLA-B75 (B75) is an HLA- B serotype. The serotype identifies certain B15 gene-allele protein products of HLA-B. B75 is one of many split antigens of the broad antigen, B15. B75 (B1502) is associated with a severe drug-induced skin condition in ethnic East Asians. Serotype Alleles Diseases HLA-B1502 is associated with Carbamazepine and phenytoin induced Stevens–Johnson syndrome in Chinese and Thai. One study showed a 100% association between B1502 and the drug induced skin disorder in Chinese. In Europe the B1502 positive patients are only found in this syndrome of persons of East Asian descent, however B58 confers susceptibility to both groups but to a lesser degree and is sensitive to allopurinol Allopurinol is a medication used to decrease high blood uric acid levels. It is specifically used to prevent gout, prevent specific types of kidney stones and for the high uric acid levels that can occur with chemotherapy. It is taken by mouth .... References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	HLA-B77 HLA-B77 (B77) is an HLA- B serotype. The serotype identifies certain B15 gene-allele protein products of HLA-B. B77 is a split antigen of the broad antigen Broad(s) or The Broad(s) may refer to: People A slang term for a woman. * Broad (surname), a surname Places * Broad Peak, on the border between Pakistan and China, the 12th highest mountain on Earth * The Broads, a network of mostly nav ... B15. Serotype Alleles References {{HLA-B serotypes 7 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	HLA-B HLA-B (major histocompatibility complex, class I, B) is a human gene that provides instructions for making a protein that plays a critical role in the immune system. HLA-B is part of a family of genes called the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex. The HLA complex helps the immune system distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins made by foreign invaders such as viruses and bacteria. HLA is the human version of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a gene family that occurs in many species. Genes in this complex are separated into three basic groups: class I, class II, and class III. In humans, the HLA-B gene and two related genes, HLA-A and HLA-C, are the major genes in MHC class I. MHC class I genes provide instructions for making proteins that are present on the surface of almost all cells. On the cell surface, these proteins are bound to protein fragments (peptides) that have been exported from within the cell. MHC class I proteins display these peptides to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	European Bioinformatics Institute The European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) is an Intergovernmental Organization (IGO) which, as part of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) family, focuses on research and services in bioinformatics. It is located on the Wellcome Genome Campus in Hinxton near Cambridge, and employs over 600 full-time equivalent (FTE) staff. Institute leaders such as Rolf Apweiler, Alex Bateman, Ewan Birney, and Guy Cochrane, an adviser on the National Genomics Data Center Scientific Advisory Board, serve as part of the international research network of the BIG Data Center at the Beijing Institute of Genomics. Additionally, the EMBL-EBI hosts training programs that teach scientists the fundamentals of the work with biological data and promote the plethora of bioinformatic tools available for their research, both EMBL-EBI and non-EMBL-EBI-based. Bioinformatic services One of the roles of the EMBL-EBI is to index and maintain biological data in a set of databases, including E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	HLA Informatics Group The HLA Informatics Group (HIG) is a research group led by Professor Steven Marsh at the Anthony Nolan Research Institute that develops, runs and maintains the IMGT ( immunogenetics)/HLA (Human leukocyte antigen) Database and the IPD (immuno polymorphism database). The IMGT/HLA database originated as part of IMGT and was merged with IPD in 2003. The IMGT/HLA Database is a central repository for sequences of the human major histocompatibility complex and currently contains over 5,000 allele sequences, including over 1,800 HLA-B HLA-B (major histocompatibility complex, class I, B) is a human gene that provides instructions for making a protein that plays a critical role in the immune system. HLA-B is part of a family of genes called the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) compl ... sequences. As well as sequence information, the IMGT/HLA Database and the IPD Databases include extensive information regarding the source material that sequences are derived from. The IMGT/HLA website ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Carbamazepine Carbamazepine (CBZ), sold under the trade name Tegretol among others, is an anticonvulsant medication used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain. It is used as an adjunctive treatment in schizophrenia along with other medications and as a second-line agent in bipolar disorder. Carbamazepine appears to work as well as phenytoin and valproate for focal and generalized seizures. It is not effective for absence or myoclonic seizures. Carbamazepine was discovered in 1953 by Swiss chemist Walter Schindler. It was first marketed in 1962. It is available as a generic medication. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. In 2020, it was the 185th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2million prescriptions. Medical uses Carbamazepine is typically used for the treatment of seizure disorders and neuropathic pain. It is used off-label as a second-line treatment for bipolar disorder and in combination ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]