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Gyalolechia Bracteata
''Gyalolechia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi belonging to the family Teloschistaceae. It contains 18 species of crustose lichens. Taxonomy The genus was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed by Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in 1852. He included two species: ''Gyalolechia bracteata, G. bracteata'' and ''Gyalolechia aurea, G. aurea''. Although Massalongo did not designate a type species for the genus, Josef Poelt assigned ''G. aurea'' to that status in 1965. After Massalongo introduced the monotypic genus ''Fulgensia'' in 1853, ''Gyalolechia'' fell out of use. ''Gyalolechia'' was resurrected for use by Ulf Arup and colleagues in 2013, as part of a molecular phylogenetics-based restructuring of the Teloschistaceae. ''Gyalolechia'', which is sister group, sister to the genus ''Blastenia'', contains most of the species formerly assigned to the genus ''Fulgensia'', the species group centred around the taxon formerly known as ''Caloplaca flavorubescens'', and ot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schaer
Schaer, Schär, or Schar is a surname and may refer to: * Fabian Schär (born 1991), Swiss footballer *Jean-Marc Schaer (born 1953), French retired professional football striker * Michael Schär (born 1986), Swiss professional road bicycle racer * Manuela Schär, Swiss Paralympic athlete * Gary Schaer (born 1951), American Democratic Party politician *Dwight Schar (born 1942), an American businessman, philanthropist, and Republican Party financial supporter * Fritz Schär (1926–1997), Swiss cyclist *Andrew Schär (born 1981), South African-born composer, actor, and musician *Miriam Schaer Miriam Schaer (born 1956) is an American artist who creates artists' books, and installations, prints, collage, photography, and video in relation to artists' books. She also is a teacher of the subject. Career Miriam Schaer was born in Buffalo ..., American artist * Robin Beth Schaer, American poet {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxon
In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular name and given a particular ranking, especially if and when it is accepted or becomes established. It is very common, however, for taxonomists to remain at odds over what belongs to a taxon and the criteria used for inclusion. If a taxon is given a formal scientific name, its use is then governed by one of the nomenclature codes specifying which scientific name is correct for a particular grouping. Initial attempts at classifying and ordering organisms (plants and animals) were set forth in Carl Linnaeus's Linnaean taxonomy, system in ''Systema Naturae'', 10th edition (1758), as well as an unpublished work by Bernard de Jussieu, Bernard and Antoine Laurent de Jussieu. The idea of a unit-based system of biological classification was first mad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Septum
In biology, a septum (Latin for ''something that encloses''; plural septa) is a wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones. A cavity or structure divided in this way may be referred to as septate. Examples Human anatomy * Interatrial septum, the wall of tissue that is a sectional part of the left and right atria of the heart * Interventricular septum, the wall separating the left and right ventricles of the heart * Lingual septum, a vertical layer of fibrous tissue that separates the halves of the tongue. *Nasal septum: the cartilage wall separating the nostrils of the nose * Alveolar septum: the thin wall which separates the alveoli from each other in the lungs * Orbital septum, a palpebral ligament in the upper and lower eyelids * Septum pellucidum or septum lucidum, a thin structure separating two fluid pockets in the brain * Uterine septum, a malformation of the uterus * Vaginal septum, a lateral or transverse partition inside the vagina * Intermuscular sep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthraquinone
Anthraquinone, also called anthracenedione or dioxoanthracene, is an aromatic organic compound with formula . Isomers include various quinone derivatives. The term anthraquinone however refers to the isomer, 9,10-anthraquinone (IUPAC: 9,10-dioxoanthracene) wherein the keto groups are located on the central ring. It is a building block of many dyes and is used in bleaching pulp for papermaking. It is a yellow, highly crystalline solid, poorly soluble in water but soluble in hot organic solvents. It is almost completely insoluble in ethanol near room temperature but 2.25 g will dissolve in 100 g of boiling ethanol. It is found in nature as the rare mineral hoelite. Synthesis There are several current industrial methods to produce 9,10-anthraquinone: # The oxidation of anthracene. Chromium(VI) is the typical oxidant. # The Friedel-Crafts reaction of benzene and phthalic anhydride in presence of AlCl3. o-Benzoylbenzoic acid is an intermediate. This reaction is useful for produc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypha
A hypha (; ) is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium. Structure A hypha consists of one or more cells surrounded by a tubular cell wall. In most fungi, hyphae are divided into cells by internal cross-walls called "septa" (singular septum). Septa are usually perforated by pores large enough for ribosomes, mitochondria, and sometimes nuclei to flow between cells. The major structural polymer in fungal cell walls is typically chitin, in contrast to plants and oomycetes that have cellulosic cell walls. Some fungi have aseptate hyphae, meaning their hyphae are not partitioned by septa. Hyphae have an average diameter of 4–6 µm. Growth Hyphae grow at their tips. During tip growth, cell walls are extended by the external assembly and polymerization of cell wall components, and the internal production of new cell membrane. The S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thallus
Thallus (plural: thalli), from Latinized Greek (), meaning "a green shoot" or "twig", is the vegetative tissue of some organisms in diverse groups such as algae, fungi, some liverworts, lichens, and the Myxogastria. Many of these organisms were previously known as the thallophytes, a polyphyletic group of distantly related organisms. An organism or structure resembling a thallus is called thalloid, thallodal, thalliform, thalline, or thallose. A thallus usually names the entire body of a multicellular non-moving organism in which there is no organization of the tissues into organs. Even though thalli do not have organized and distinct parts (leaves, roots, and stems) as do the vascular plants, they may have analogous structures that resemble their vascular "equivalents". The analogous structures have similar function or macroscopic structure, but different microscopic structure; for example, no thallus has vascular tissue. In exceptional cases such as the Lemnoideae, where ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opeltia
''Opeltia'' is a genus of lichen A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship. Taxonomy The genus was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed in 2017 by lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk and László Sándor Lőkös, Laszlo Lőkös, with ''Opeltia neobaltistanica, O. neobaltistanica'' assigned as the type species. The genus name honours lichenologist Josef Poelt, "in recognition of his enormous contribution to lichenology". ''Opeltia'' occupies a distinct monophyletic branch within the ''Mikhtomia'' clade, a phylogenetically related group of taxon ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elenkiniana
''Elenkiniana'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has three species, all of which occur in Eurasia. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed in 2014 by the lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, Ingvar Kärnefelt, John Elix, Arne Thell, and Jae-Seoun Hur. '' Elenkiniana gloriae'' is assigned as the type species. The genus name honours the Russian botanist, Alexander Elenkin, "in acknowledgement of his many contributions on cryptogams in northern Eurasia". According to the authors, ''Elenkiniana'' shares similarities with the genus ''Gyalolechia'' (formerly known as ''Fulgensia'' before Arup and colleagues' 2013 revision of the Teloschistaceae) but is distinguished by its typically lobate thalli, laminal pseudocyphellae across the thallus surface, and the absence of numerous crystals in the cortical layer and inclusions in the hymenium. Despite this, the work "The 2016 classification of lichenized fungi", did not accept ''Elenkiniana'', considering ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cerothallia
''Cerothallia'' is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species, all of which occur in the Southern Hemisphere. The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by Ulf Arup, Patrik Frödén, and Ulrik Søchting, with '' Cerothallia luteoalba'' assigned as the type species. The type is more widely distributed, as it is also found in Europe and North America. The generic name ''Cerothallia'' means "with waxy thallus Thallus (plural: thalli), from Latinized Greek (), meaning "a green shoot" or "twig", is the vegetative tissue of some organisms in diverse groups such as algae, fungi, some liverworts, lichens, and the Myxogastria. Many of these organisms wer ...". Species *'' Cerothallia luteoalba'' *'' Cerothallia subluteoalba'' *'' Cerothallia yarraensis'' *'' Cerothallia yorkensis'' References Teloschistales Teloschistales genera Taxa described in 2013 Lichen genera {{Teloschistales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
