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Grimoald IV Of Benevento
Grimoald IV (assassinated 817), son of Ermenrih, called Falco, was the Lombard Prince of Benevento from 806 until his death. He was a ''thesaurarius'' or ''stolesayz''/''stoleseyz'' before becoming prince on the death of Grimoald III, over Grimoald's own son, Ilderic, another ''stoleseyz''. In 812, he was forced to pay 25,000 ''solidi'' in tribute to Charlemagne. In 814, he pledged an annual tribute of 7,000 ''solidi'' to Louis the Pious. These promises, however, were never kept and his successor, Sico, made the same empty guarantees. The Beneventans were independent in practice and by the end of the ninth century would not even recognise Frankish overlordship. Grimoald was assassinated in 817 by a complot of nobles vying for his throne.Wickham, 154. In 818 according to the ''Annales Beneventani The ''Annales Beneventani'' ("Beneventan Annals"), also called the ''Breve chronicon monasterii Sanctae Sophiae Beneventi'' ("Brief Chronicle of the Monastery of Santa Sofia of Benevent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grimoald IV Denaro 01
Grimoald, Grimald, Grimoart, Grimwald, Grimuald, or Grimbald is a Germanic personal name. It may refer to: Personal name *Grimoald I of Benevento, duke of Benevento (651–662) and king of the Lombards (662–671) *Grimoald II of Benevento, duke of Benevento (677–680) *Grimoald III of Benevento, duke of Benevento (787–806) *Grimoald IV of Benevento, duke of Benevento (806–817) *Grimoald of Bavaria, duke of Bavaria (715–725) *Grimoald, son of Tassilo II *Grimoald I the Elder, Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia (643–656) * Grimoald II the Younger, Mayor of the Palace of Neustria and Burgundy (695–714) *Grimoald Alferanites, Prince of Bari (1121–1132) *Grimoaldo of the Purification (1883–1902), a religious and clerical student of the Passionist Congregation * Grimoart Gausmar, 12th-century troubadour *Grimoaldus, 12th-century saint *Grimbald, 9th-century saint Surname *Nicholas Grimald (1519–1562), English poet *Guillaume ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lombards
The Lombards () or Langobards ( la, Langobardi) were a Germanic people who ruled most of the Italian Peninsula from 568 to 774. The medieval Lombard historian Paul the Deacon wrote in the ''History of the Lombards'' (written between 787 and 796) that the Lombards descended from a small tribe called the Winnili,: "From Proto-Germanic '' winna-'', meaning "to fight, win" who dwelt in southern Scandinavia (''Scadanan'') before migrating to seek new lands. By the time of the Roman-era - historians wrote of the Lombards in the 1st century AD, as being one of the Suebian peoples, in what is now northern Germany, near the Elbe river. They continued to migrate south. By the end of the fifth century, the Lombards had moved into the area roughly coinciding with modern Austria and Slovakia north of the Danube, where they subdued the Heruls and later fought frequent wars with the Gepids. The Lombard king Audoin defeated the Gepid leader Thurisind in 551 or 552, and his successor Alboin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grimoald III Of Benevento
Grimoald III ( – 806) was the Lombard Prince of Benevento from 788 until his own death. He was the second son of Arechis II and Adelperga. In 787, he and his elder brother Romoald were sent as hostages to Charlemagne who had descended the Italian peninsula as far as Salerno to receive the submission of Benevento. In return for peace, Arechis recognised Charlemagne's suzerainty and handed Grimoald over as a hostage. When his father and brother both died in 788, Grimoald was allowed to return to Italy. He recognised Frankish overlordship, but was permitted practical independence in return for defending Italy from the Eastern Romans. In 788 he faced a Roman invasion commanded by Adelchis, the son of the last Lombard king, Desiderius. A Frankish army under Winigis and Hildebrand, Duke of Spoleto, joined Grimoald and defeated Adelchis on the coast soon after his landing. Later, Grimoald tried to throw off Frankish suzerainty, but Charlemagne's sons, Pepin of Italy and Charles th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chris Wickham
Christopher John Wickham, (born 18 May 1950) is a British historian and academic. From 2005 to 2016, he was Chichele Professor of Medieval History at the University of Oxford and Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford: he is now emeritus professor. He had previously taught at the University of Birmingham from 1977, rising to be Professor of Early Medieval History from 1997 to 2005. Early life Wickham was born on 18 May 1950. He was educated at Millfield, a public school in Street, Somerset, England. From 1968 to 1975, he studied at Keble College, Oxford. He graduated from the University of Oxford with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree. He then remained to undertake postgraduate research and completed his Doctor of Philosophy (DPhil) degree in 1975 with a thesis entitled ''Economy and society in 8th century northern Tuscany''. Academic career Wickham spent nearly thirty years of his career at the University of Birmingham. He was a Lecturer from 1977 to and 1987 and a Senior Lecturer f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solidi
The ''solidus'' (Latin 'solid'; ''solidi'') or nomisma ( grc-gre, νόμισμα, ''nómisma'', 'coin') was a highly pure gold coin issued in the Late Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire. Constantine introduced the coin, and its weight of about 4.5 grams remained relatively constant for seven centuries. In the Byzantine Empire, the solidus or nomisma remained a highly pure gold coin until the 11th century, when several Byzantine emperors began to strike the coin with less and less gold. The nomisma was finally abolished by Alexius I in 1092, who replaced it with the hyperpyron, which also came to be known as a "bezant". The Byzantine solidus also inspired the originally slightly less pure dinar issued by the Muslim Caliphate. In Western Europe, the solidus was the main gold coin of commerce from late Roman times to Pepin the Short's currency reform, which introduced the silver-based pound/shilling/penny system. In Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, the solidus also f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charlemagne
Charlemagne ( , ) or Charles the Great ( la, Carolus Magnus; german: Karl der Große; 2 April 747 – 28 January 814), a member of the Carolingian dynasty, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and the first Holy Roman Emperor, Emperor of the Romans from 800. Charlemagne succeeded in uniting the majority of Western Europe, western and central Europe and was the first recognized emperor to rule from western Europe after the fall of the Western Roman Empire around three centuries earlier. The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded was the Carolingian Empire. He was Canonization, canonized by Antipope Paschal III—an act later treated as invalid—and he is now regarded by some as Beatification, beatified (which is a step on the path to sainthood) in the Catholic Church. Charlemagne was the eldest son of Pepin the Short and Bertrada of Laon. He was born before their Marriage in the Catholic Church, canonical marriage. He became king of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis The Pious
Louis the Pious (german: Ludwig der Fromme; french: Louis le Pieux; 16 April 778 – 20 June 840), also called the Fair, and the Debonaire, was King of the Franks and co-emperor with his father, Charlemagne, from 813. He was also King of Aquitaine from 781. As the only surviving son of Charlemagne and Hildegard, he became the sole ruler of the Franks after his father's death in 814, a position which he held until his death, save for the period 833–34, during which he was deposed. During his reign in Aquitaine, Louis was charged with the defence of the empire's southwestern frontier. He conquered Barcelona from the Emirate of Córdoba in 801 and asserted Frankish authority over Pamplona and the Basques south of the Pyrenees in 812. As emperor he included his adult sons, Lothair, Pepin and Louis, in the government and sought to establish a suitable division of the realm among them. The first decade of his reign was characterised by several tragedies and embarrassments, no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sico Of Benevento
Sico ( 758 – 832) p. 160, Retrieved 21 oct 2009. was the Lombard Prince of Benevento from the 817 to his own death. Before becoming the Prince of Benevento, he had been the of . On the assassination of [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annales Beneventani
The ''Annales Beneventani'' ("Beneventan Annals"), also called the ''Breve chronicon monasterii Sanctae Sophiae Beneventi'' ("Brief Chronicle of the Monastery of Santa Sofia of Benevento") or ''Chronicon Sanctae Sophiae'' for short, is a series of Latin annals from the monastery of Santa Sofia in Benevento, southern Italy. The annal entries were originally annotations written in the margins of Paschal tables, a practice that probably dates to the foundation of the monastery in the second half of the eighth century. The annotations were gathered together and copied into manuscripts in the early twelfth century. Three such manuscripts exist, each copied at Santa Sofia and each presenting a different redaction of the annals.Jakub Kujawinski"Annales Beneventani" in R. G. Dunphy, ed., ''Encyclopedia of the Medieval Chronicle'' (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2010), 55–56. The ''Annales'' is of interest primarily because its entries are roughly contemporaneous with the events they describ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
817 Deaths
__NOTOC__ Year 817 ( DCCCXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Summer – Emperor Louis I issues an ''Ordinatio Imperii'', an imperial decree that lays out plans for an orderly succession. He divides the Frankish Empire among his three sons: Lothair, the eldest, is proclaimed co-emperor in Aachen, and becomes the overlord of his brothers. He receives the dominion of Burgundy (including German and Gallic parts). Pepin, the second son, is proclaimed king of Aquitaine, and receives Gascony (including the marche around Toulouse and parts of Septimania); Louis (the youngest son) is proclaimed king of Bavaria, and receives the dominions of East Francia. * Prince Grimoald IV is assassinated by a complot of Lombard nobles vying for his throne.Wickham, p. 154. In 818 according to the ''Annales Beneventani''. He is succeeded by Sico as ruler of Benevento (Southern Italy), who is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
