Gonerilia Okamurai
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Gonerilia Okamurai
''Gonerilia'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae."''Gonerilia'' Shirôzu & Yamamoto, 1956"
at Markku Savela's ''Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms'' It is to .


Species

*'''' (Leech, 1890) *''

Takashi Shirozu
was a Japanese entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera. He wrote ''Butterflies of Formosa in Colour'' Osaka, Hoikusha (1960), ''Early Stages of Japanese Butterflies in Colour'' Hoikusha (with Akira Hara, 1960) and ''Butterflies of Japan Illustrated in Colour'' Tokyo, Hokuryu-kan (1964) all of which took advantage of Japanese advanced (optical) and colour printing technologies. He also published many scientific papers describing new species of butterflies. Dr. Takashi Shirozu was a professor emeritus of Kyushu University , abbreviated to , is a Japanese national university located in Fukuoka, on the island of Kyushu. It was the 4th Imperial University in Japan, ranked as 4th in 2020 Times Higher Education Japan University Rankings, one of the top 10 Design ... and president emeritus of The Lepidopterological Society of Japan. References *2004Obituary Takashi Shirôzu (1917-2004). ''Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan'' 55(3) 133, including a ...
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Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family (taxonomy), family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants ...
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Butterflies
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the Order (biology), order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group comprises the large superfamily (zoology), superfamily Papilionoidea, which contains at least one former group, the skippers (formerly the superfamily "Hesperioidea"), and the most recent analyses suggest it also contains the moth-butterflies (formerly the superfamily "Hedyloidea"). Butterfly fossils date to the Paleocene, about 56 million years ago. Butterflies have a four-stage life cycle, as like most insects they undergo Holometabolism, complete metamorphosis. Winged adults lay eggs on the food plant on which their larvae, known as caterpillars, will feed. The caterpillars grow, sometimes very rapidly, and when fully developed, pupate in a chrysalis. When metamorphosis is complete, the pupal skin splits, the adult insect climbs o ...
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Lycaenidae
Lycaenidae is the second-largest family of butterflies (behind Nymphalidae, brush-footed butterflies), with over 6,000 species worldwide, whose members are also called gossamer-winged butterflies. They constitute about 30% of the known butterfly species. The family comprises seven subfamilies, including the blues (Polyommatinae), the coppers (Lycaeninae), the hairstreaks (Theclinae), and the harvesters (Miletinae). Description, food, and life cycle Adults are small, under 5 cm usually, and brightly coloured, sometimes with a metallic gloss. Larvae are often flattened rather than cylindrical, with glands that may produce secretions that attract and subdue ants. Their cuticles tend to be thickened. Some larvae are capable of producing vibrations and low sounds that are transmitted through the substrates they inhabit. They use these sounds to communicate with ants.Pierce, N. E.; Braby, M. F.; Heath, A.; Lohman, D. J.; Mathew, J.; Rand, D. B. & Travassos, M. A. (2002)"The eco ...
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Endemism
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, the Cape sugarbird is found exclusively in southwestern South Africa and is therefore said to be ''endemic'' to that particular part of the world. An endemic species can be also be referred to as an ''endemism'' or in scientific literature as an ''endemite''. For example '' Cytisus aeolicus'' is an endemite of the Italian flora. '' Adzharia renschi'' was once believed to be an endemite of the Caucasus, but it was later discovered to be a non-indigenous species from South America belonging to a different genus. The extreme opposite of an endemic species is one with a cosmopolitan distribution, having a global or widespread range. A rare alternative term for a species that is endemic is "precinctive", which applies to ...
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Geography Of China
China has great physical diversity. The eastern plains and southern coasts of the country consist of fertile lowlands and foothills. They are the location of most of China's agricultural output and human population. The southern areas of the country (South of the Yangtze River) consist of hilly and mountainous terrain. The west and north of the country are dominated by sunken basins (such as the Gobi and the Taklamakan), rolling plateaus, and towering massifs. It contains part of the highest tableland on earth, the Tibetan Plateau, and has much lower agricultural potential and population. Traditionally, the Chinese population centered on the Chinese central plain and oriented itself toward its own enormous inland market, developing as an imperial power whose center lay in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River on the northern plains. More recently, the coastline has been used extensively for export-oriented trade, causing the coastal provinces to become the lead ...
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Gonerilia Thespis
''Gonerilia'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae."''Gonerilia'' Shirôzu & Yamamoto, 1956"
at Markku Savela's ''Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms'' It is to .


Species

*'' Gonerilia thespis'' (Leech, 1890) *'' Gonerilia seraphim'' (Oberthür, ...
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Gonerilia Seraphim
''Gonerilia seraphim'' is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae Lycaenidae is the second-largest family of butterflies (behind Nymphalidae, brush-footed butterflies), with over 6,000 species worldwide, whose members are also called gossamer-winged butterflies. They constitute about 30% of the known butterfl ...."''Gonerilia'' Shirôzu & Yamamoto, 1956"
at Markku Savela's ''Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms''


Subspecies

*''G. s. seraphim'' *''G. s. kimurai'' Koiwaya, 1996 *''G. s. mekong'' Yoshino, 1999


References

Butterflies described in 1886
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Gonerilia Budda
''Gonerilia'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae."''Gonerilia'' Shirôzu & Yamamoto, 1956"
at Markku Savela's ''Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms'' It is to
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
.


Species

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Gonerilia Okamurai
''Gonerilia'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae."''Gonerilia'' Shirôzu & Yamamoto, 1956"
at Markku Savela's ''Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms'' It is to .


Species

*'''' (Leech, 1890) *''

Gonerilia Pesthis
''Gonerilia'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae."''Gonerilia'' Shirôzu & Yamamoto, 1956"
at Markku Savela's ''Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms'' It is to .


Species

*'''' (Leech, 1890) *''

Theclini
The Theclini are a tribe of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. As not all Theclinae have been assigned to tribes, the genus list is preliminary. Genera * '' Amblopala'' * '' Antigius'' * ''Araragi'' * '' Artopoetes'' * '' Austrozephyrus'' * '' Chaetoprocta'' * '' Chrysozephyrus'' * ''Cordelia'' * '' Coreana'' * '' Esakiozephyrus'' * '' Euaspa'' * '' Favonius'' - includes ''Quercusia'' * '' Goldia'' * '' Gonerilia'' * '' Habrodais'' * '' Howarthia'' * '' Hypaurotis'' * '' Iozephyrus'' * '' Iratsume'' * '' Japonica'' * '' Laeosopis'' * '' Leucantigius'' * '' Nanlingozephyrus'' * ''Neozephyrus'' * ''Protantigius'' * '' Proteuaspa'' * ''Quercusia'' * ''Ravenna'' * '' Saigusaozephyrus'' * '' Shaanxiana'' * '' Shirozua'' * '' Shizuyaozephyrus'' * '' Sibataniozephyrus'' * '' Teratozephyrus'' * ''Thecla Thecla ( grc, Θέκλα, ) was a saint of the early Christian Church, and a reported follower of Paul the Apostle. The earliest record of her life comes from the ancient apocry ...
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