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Gnanou Diagou
Gnanou Diagou (1877–1959) was a lawyer and professor of law in Pondicherry, India. He is known for translating the Tirukkural into French. Biography Gnanou Diagou hailed from a Catholic family from Pondicherry. He obtained his law degree from the Faculty of Aix in 1902. He served as president of the Pondicherry Bar Association from 1934. He was also a professor of Law at Pondicherry Law School. In 1911, he founded the Historical Society of Pondicherry. He was also known as historian of French India. He translated Tamil texts into French. In 1942, he translated the Tirukkural, an ancient Tamil classic, into French. Works Note: Years indicated are dates of editions. * Le droit civil applicable aux Musulmans de l'Inde (1984) * Koural by Tiruvaḷḷuvar (1942, 1968) * Arrêts du Conseil supérieur de Pondichéry (1935) * Assara Kovai: Traduit du tamoul (1950, 1963, 1971) * Arà néry sarom: L'Essence du chemin de la vertu (1965) * Histoire détaillée des rois du Carnatic (1939 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pondicherry
Pondicherry (), now known as Puducherry ( French: Pondichéry ʊdʊˈtʃɛɹi(listen), on-dicherry, is the capital and the most populous city of the Union Territory of Puducherry in India. The city is in the Puducherry district on the southeast coast of India and is surrounded by Bay of Bengal to the east and the state of Tamil Nadu, with which it shares most of its culture, heritage, and language. History Puducherry, formerly known as Pondicherry, gained its significance as “The French Riviera of the East” after the advent of the French colonialization in India. Puducherry is the Tamil interpretation of “new town” and mainly derived from “Poduke”, the name of the marketplace as the “Port town” for Roman trading in 1st century as mentioned in ‘The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea’. The settlement was once an abode of many learned scholars as evidently versed in the Vedas, hence also known as Vedapuri. The history of Puducherry can broadly be classified ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia. Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago., "Y-Chromosome and Mt-DNA data support the colonization of South Asia by modern humans originating in Africa. ... Coalescence dates for most non-European populations average to between 73–55 ka.", "Modern human beings—''Homo sapiens''—originated in Africa. Then, int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tirukkural
The ''Tirukkuṟaḷ'' ( ta, திருக்குறள், lit=sacred verses), or shortly the ''Kural'' ( ta, குறள்), is a classic Tamil language text consisting of 1,330 short couplets, or Kural (poetic form), kurals, of seven words each. The text is divided into three books with aphoristic teachings on virtue (''aram''), wealth (''porul'') and love (''inbam''), respectively. Considered one of the greatest works ever written on ethics and morality, it is known for its universality and secularity, secular nature. Its authorship is traditionally attributed to Thiruvalluvar, Valluvar, also known in full as Thiruvalluvar. The text has been dated variously from 300 BCE to 5th century CE. The traditional accounts describe it as the last work of the third Sangam literature, Sangam, but linguistic analysis suggests a later date of 450 to 500 CE and that it was composed after the Sangam period. The Kural text is among the earliest systems of Indian epistemology and meta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catholicism
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization.O'Collins, p. v (preface). The church consists of 24 ''sui iuris'' churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies located around the world. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The bishopric of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small enclave of the Italian city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state. The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed. The Catholic Church teaches that it is th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French India
French India, formally the ( en, French Settlements in India), was a French colony comprising five geographically separated enclaves on the Indian Subcontinent that had initially been factories of the French East India Company. They were ''de facto'' incorporated into the Republic of India in 1950 and 1954. The enclaves were , Karikal, Yanaon (Andhra Pradesh) on the Coromandel Coast, Mahé on the Malabar Coast and Chandernagor in Bengal. The French also possessed several ('lodges', tiny subsidiary trading stations) inside other towns, but after 1816, the British denied all French claims to these, which were not reoccupied. By 1950, the total area measured , of which belonged to the territory of . In 1936, the population of the colony totalled 298,851 inhabitants, of which 63% (187,870) lived in the territory of Pondichéry. Context France was the last of the major European maritime powers of the 17th century to enter the East India trade. Six decades after the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tirukkural Translations
Tirukkural, also known as the Kural, an ancient Indian treatise on the Secular ethics, ethics and morality of the commoner, is one of the List of literary works by number of translations, most widely translated non-religious works in the world. Authored by the ancient Tamil language, Tamil poet-philosopher Thiruvalluvar, it has been translated into at least 42 world languages, with about 57 different renderings in the English language alone. Beginning of translations The Kural text, considered to have been written in the 1st century BCE, remained unknown to the outside world for close to one and a half millennia. The first translation of the Kural text appeared in Malayalam in 1595 CE under the title ''Tirukkural Bhasha'' by an unknown author. It was a prose rendering of the entire Kural, written closely to the spoken Malayalam of that time. However, again, this unpublished manuscript remained obscure until it was first reported by the Annual Report of the Cochin Archeological ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tirukkural Translations Into French
French has the second maximum number of translations of the Tirukkural among European languages, next only to English. As of 2015, there were at least 18 translations of the Kural text available in French. History of translations The first translation of the Kural text into French was made by an unknown author, which was titled ''Kural de Tiruvalluvar'' and found a place in the Bibliothèque nationale de France of France in 1767. However, it is E. S. Ariel who is generally credited with bringing the Kural text to the French world. Ariel, who considered the Kural as one of the highest and purest expressions of human thought, translated fragments of the first two divisions of the work, viz. ''aram'' (virtue) and '' porul'' (wealth) in 1848. Since then several translations appeared in French, chief among which are those by Pierre-Eugène Lamairesse (1867), G. Fontaineu de Barrigue (1889), Dumast, Louis Jacolliot, and Alain Daniélou (1942). Gnanou Diagou translated the entire work in 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Translators
This is primarily a list of notable translators. Large sublists have been split off to separate articles. By text *List of Bible translators * List of Qur'an translators * List of Kural translators *Harry Potter in translation By target language Into Arabic *Ahmed Shawqi *Hafez Ibrahim *Ibn al-Muqaffa' *Rifa'a el-Tahtawi *Taha Hussein – translator of Sophocles, Racine, and others * Hafs ibn Albar Into Albanian *Faik Konitza *Fan Noli * Luan Rama * Petro Zheji *Robert Shvarc *Mirela Kumbaro Into Armenian *Levon Ananyan *Vahagn Davtyan * Hovhannes Masehian *Vahan Malezian *Yervant Odian *Nahapet Rusinian *Hamo Sahyan *Vardges Sureniants *Leon Surmelian * Alexander Tsaturian *Rita Vorperian Into Azerbaijani (Azeri) *Hamlet Isaxanli (Isayev) – translator of poems from Russian, English and French Into Bulgarian * Albena Bakratcheva *Valeri Petrov * Nikolai B. Popov Into Chinese * Chen Liangting *Huang Ai – translator of ''Oliver Twist'' by Charles Dickens * Mei Yi – tran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Translators Of The Tirukkural Into French
Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text. The English language draws a terminological distinction (which does not exist in every language) between ''translating'' (a written text) and '' interpreting'' (oral or signed communication between users of different languages); under this distinction, translation can begin only after the appearance of writing within a language community. A translator always risks inadvertently introducing source-language words, grammar, or syntax into the target-language rendering. On the other hand, such "spill-overs" have sometimes imported useful source-language calques and loanwords that have enriched target languages. Translators, including early translators of sacred texts, have helped shape the very languages into which they have translated. Because of the laboriousness of the translation process, since the 1940s efforts have been made, with varying degree ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1877 Births
Events January–March * January 1 – Queen Victoria is proclaimed ''Empress of India'' by the ''Royal Titles Act 1876'', introduced by Benjamin Disraeli, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom . * January 8 – Great Sioux War of 1876 – Battle of Wolf Mountain: Crazy Horse and his warriors fight their last battle with the United States Cavalry in Montana. * January 20 – The Conference of Constantinople ends, with Ottoman Turkey rejecting proposals of internal reform and Balkan provisions. * January 29 – The Satsuma Rebellion, a revolt of disaffected samurai in Japan, breaks out against the new imperial government; it lasts until September, when it is crushed by a professionally led army of draftees. * February 17 – Major General Charles George Gordon of the British Army is appointed Governor-General of the Sudan. * March – ''The Nineteenth Century (periodical), The Nineteenth Century'' magazine is founded in London. * Marc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1959 Deaths
Events January * January 1 - Cuba: Fulgencio Batista flees Havana when the forces of Fidel Castro advance. * January 2 - Lunar probe Luna 1 was the first man-made object to attain escape velocity from Earth. It reached the vicinity of Earth's Moon, and was also the first spacecraft to be placed in heliocentric orbit. * January 3 ** The three southernmost atolls of the Maldive Islands, Maldive archipelago (Addu Atoll, Huvadhu Atoll and Fuvahmulah island) United Suvadive Republic, declare independence. ** Alaska is admitted as the 49th U.S. state. * January 4 ** In Cuba, rebel troops led by Che Guevara and Camilo Cienfuegos enter the city of Havana. ** Léopoldville riots: At least 49 people are killed during clashes between the police and participants of a meeting of the ABAKO Party in Kinshasa, Léopoldville in the Belgian Congo. * January 6 ** Fidel Castro arrives in Havana. ** The International Maritime Organization is inaugurated. * January 7 – The United States reco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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