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Glomerellales
Glomerellales is an order of ascomycetous fungi within the subclass Hypocreomycetidae (Sordariomycetes). The order includes saprobes, endophytes and pathogens on plants, animals and other fungi with representatives found all over the world in varying habitats. Glomerellales members diagnostically present peritheciate ascomata with a 2-3 layered perithecial wall and a periphysate ostiolum. Paraphyses are tapered and thin-walled. The asci are unitunicate, 8- spored and inamyloid, and the apex is either thickened without visible discharge mechanism or thin-walled with a distinct annulus. Unlike other orders within Hypocreomycetidae, members of the Glomerellales exhibit a darkly pigmented perithecia. The order was first recognized by Chadefaud (1960), although it was not validly published at this time. It has since been cited by Lanier et al. (1978) and invalidly published by Locquin (1984). However the Glomerellales was still not valid until the study by M. Réblová et al. in 20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glomerellaceae
''Glomerellaceae'' is a monotypic family of fungi in the class ''Sordariomycetes'' that contains only one genus, ''Colletotrichum''. Genera ''Colletotrichum ''Colletotrichum'' (sexual stage: ''Glomerella'') is a genus of fungi that are symbionts to plants as endophytes (living within the plant) or phytopathogens. Many of the species in this genus are plant pathogens, but some species may have a mutu ...'' (sexual stage is ''Glomerella'') References External links * * {{taxonbar, from=Q10505784 Sordariomycetes Fungus families ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colletotrichum Graminicola
''Glomerella graminicola'' is an economically important crop parasite affecting both wheat and maize where it causes the plant disease Anthracnose Leaf Blight. Host and symptoms ''G. graminicola'' is an anamorphic fungus which is identified as ''Colletotrichum graminicola'' in the teleomorphic phase. It is the anamorphic phase that causes anthracnose in many cereal species. While the main host of this disease is maize, it can also affect other cereals and grasses, such as sorghum, ryegrass, bluegrass, barley, wheat, and some cultivars of fescue where the production of fruiting bodies cause symptoms to appear in the host plant. Corn anthracnose leaf blight is the most common stalk disease in maize and occurs most frequently in reduced-till or no-till fields. Symptoms can vary depending on which part of the growing season the corn is in. Early in the growing season, the main symptom is foliar leaf blight. This often appears as long and wide oval or spindle-shaped water-so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypocreomycetidae
HypocreomycetidaeEriksson OE, Winka W (1997) Supraordinal taxa of Ascomycota. ''Myconet.'' 1:1-16. is a subclass of sac fungi. Orders * Coronophorales * Glomerellales * Halospheriales * Hypocreales * Melanosporales * Microascales * ''Incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...'' genera: ** '' Ascocodinaea'' ** '' Conioscypha'' ** '' Conioscyphascus'' ** '' Etheirophora'' ** '' Porosphaerellopsis'' References Sordariomycetes Fungus subclasses Taxa described in 1997 {{Sordariomycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sordariomycetes
Sordariomycetes is a class of fungi in the subdivision Pezizomycotina (Ascomycota), consisting of 28 orders, 90 families, 1344 genera. Sordariomycetes is from the Latin sordes (filth) because some species grow in animal feces, though growth habits vary widely across the class. Sordariomycetes generally produce their asci in perithecial fruiting bodies. Sordariomycetes are also known as Pyrenomycetes, from the Greek πυρἠν - 'the stone of a fruit' - because of the usually somewhat tough texture of their tissue. Sordariomycetes possess great variability in morphology, growth form, and habitat. Most have perithecial (flask-shaped) fruiting bodies, but ascomata can be less frequently cleistothecial (like in the genera '' Anixiella'', ''Apodus'', '' Boothiella'', ''Thielavia'', '' Zopfiella''),. Fruiting bodies may be solitary or gregarious, superficial, or immersed within stromata or tissues of the substrates and can be light to bright or black. Members of this group can grow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maize
Maize ( ; ''Zea mays'' subsp. ''mays'', from es, maíz after tnq, mahiz), also known as corn (North American and Australian English), is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago. The leafy stalk of the plant produces pollen inflorescences (or "tassels") and separate ovuliferous inflorescences called ears that when fertilized yield kernels or seeds, which are fruits. The term ''maize'' is preferred in formal, scientific, and international usage as a common name because it refers specifically to this one grain, unlike ''corn'', which has a complex variety of meanings that vary by context and geographic region. Maize has become a staple food in many parts of the world, with the total production of maize surpassing that of wheat or rice. In addition to being consumed directly by humans (often in the form of masa), maize is also used for corn ethanol, animal feed and other maize products, such as corn starch and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colletotrichum Kahawae
''Colletotrichum kahawae'' is a fungal plant pathogen that causes coffee berry disease (CBD) on ''Coffea arabica'' crops. The pathogen is an ascomycete that reproduces asexually. The asexual spores (conidia) are stored within acervuli. This disease is considered to be one of the major factors hampering '' C.arabica'' production in the African continent, which represents the current geographic range of the fungus. Coffee berry disease causes dark necrosis in spots and causes the green berries of the coffee to drop prematurely. High humidity, relatively warm temperatures, and high altitude are ideal for disease formation. Given the severity of the disease and the lack of effective control measures, there is great concern that the fungus may spread to other coffee producing continents, such as South America, which could have catastrophic consequences. Taxonomy Until recently, the taxonomic description and position of ''C. kahawae'' was a subject of great confusion. From the rang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bitter Rot Of Apple
Bitter rot of apple is a fungal disease of apple fruit that is caused by several species in the ''Colletotrichum acutatum'' and ''Colletotrichum gloeosporioides'' species complexes. It is identified by sunken circular lesions with conical intrusions into the apple flesh that appear V-shaped when the apple is cut in half through the center of the lesion. It is one of the most devastating diseases of apple fruit in regions with warm wet weather. Common names The term “bitter rot” has consistently been associated with this disease in literature from the United States going back through the 1800s. During the 1950s to 1980s there was literature out of Great Britain and Ireland that used the common name of “bitter rot” for apple rots caused by '' Neofabraea'' (or the older synonym of '' Gloeosporium'') species, which are now referred to as lenticel rot or bulls eye rot. Literature from South Korea often uses the name of "apple anthracnose". Some scientists distinguish betwee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coffea Arabica
''Coffea arabica'' (), also known as the Arabic coffee, is a species of flowering plant in the coffee and madder family Rubiaceae. It is believed to be the first species of coffee to have been cultivated and is currently the dominant cultivar, representing about 60% of global production. Coffee produced from the less acidic, more bitter, and more highly caffeinated robusta bean ('' C. canephora'') makes up most of the remaining coffee production. Arabica coffee originates from and was first cultivated in Yemen, and documented by the 12th century. ''Coffea arabica'' is called () in Arabic, borrowed from the Amharic "Buna". Taxonomy ''Coffea arabica'' was first described scientifically by Antoine de Jussieu, who named it ''Jasminum arabicum'' after studying a specimen from the Botanic Gardens of Amsterdam. Linnaeus placed it in its own genus ''Coffea'' in 1737. ''Coffea arabica'' is the only polyploid species of the genus ''Coffea,'' as it carries 4 copies of the 11 chromosom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spore
In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many plants, algae, fungi and protozoa. Bacterial spores are not part of a sexual cycle, but are resistant structures used for survival under unfavourable conditions. Myxozoan spores release amoeboid infectious germs ("amoebulae") into their hosts for parasitic infection, but also reproduce within the hosts through the pairing of two nuclei within the plasmodium, which develops from the amoebula. In plants, spores are usually haploid and unicellular and are produced by meiosis in the sporangium of a diploid sporophyte. Under favourable conditions the spore can develop into a new organism using mitotic division, producing a multicellular gametophyte, which eventually goes on to produce gametes. Two gametes fuse to form a zygote which develops into a new s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colletotrichum Acutatum
''Colletotrichum acutatum'' is a plant pathogen and endophyte. It is the organism that causes the most destructive fungal disease, anthracnose, of lupin species worldwide. It also causes the disease postbloom fruit drop on many varieties of citrus, especially Valencia and navel oranges in Florida.N.A. Peres and M.M. Dewdney, (2016). 2016 Florida Citrus Pest Management Guide: Ch. 22 "Postbloom Fruit Drop" Publication #PP-45, University of Florida IFAS Extension. Host and symptoms ''Colletotrichum acutatum'' has a broad host range, but is most important in strawberries. ''C. acutatum'' on strawberries. The pathogen causes black spot of fruit, but can also be seen attacking the plant at its crowns, roots and leaves. After planting, stunting and yellowing as well as wilting may occur. General symptoms of the disease in other plants can also be seen on flowers, petioles, and roots. Stems are also a prominent place to see symptoms. Lesions on the stem can appear dark colored, oval s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colletotrichum
''Colletotrichum'' (sexual stage: ''Glomerella'') is a genus of fungi that are symbionts to plants as endophytes (living within the plant) or phytopathogens. Many of the species in this genus are plant pathogens, but some species may have a mutualistic relationship with hosts. History The history of the ''Colletotrichum'' genus is a case study on the tension between the lumpers and splitters. While the genus ''Colletotrichum'' was first proposed in 1831, the exact definition of ''Colletotrichum'' and the species that belong in this genus has been in flux ever since. The biggest recent shift has been from a definition (of both the genus and the species within it) based on morphology to a definition based on a combination of morphology and molecular phylogenetics. The use of molecular phylogenetics has led to a huge increase in the number of recognized species in this genus, and the species are now organized into species complexes that usually have the name of their most widely k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saprotrophic Nutrition
Saprotrophic nutrition or lysotrophic nutrition is a process of chemoheterotrophic extracellular digestion involved in the processing of decayed (dead or waste) organic matter. It occurs in saprotrophs, and is most often associated with fungi (for example ''Mucor'') and soil bacteria. Saprotrophic microscopic fungi are sometimes called saprobes; saprotrophic plants or bacterial flora are called saprophytes ( sapro- 'rotten material' + -phyte 'plant'), although it is now believed that all plants previously thought to be saprotrophic are in fact parasites of microscopic fungi or other plants. The process is most often facilitated through the active transport of such materials through endocytosis within the internal mycelium and its constituent hyphae. states the purpose of saprotrophs and their internal nutrition, as well as the main two types of fungi that are most often referred to, as well as describes, visually, the process of saprotrophic nutrition through a diagram of hy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
