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Giuseppina Masotti Biggiogero
Giuseppina Masotti Biggiogero (8 August 1894 – 24 October 1977) was an Italian mathematician and historian. Known for her work in algebraic geometry, she also wrote noted histories of mathematicians, like Maria Gaetana Agnesi and Luca Pacioli. She was a member of the and won both the Bordoni Prize and Torelli Prize for her work. Early life Giuseppina Biggiogero was born on 8 August 1894 in Melegnano, Italy to Marta (née Massironi) and Biagio Biggiogero. She completed her primary and secondary studies in Lodi, earning a degree as a teacher in 1912. While continuing her studies at the Carlo Cattaneo Technical Institute, she began teaching elementary school, first in Carpiano and later in Melegnano. At the time that she was studying, the only paths available to enter university were to obtain a high school diploma, which was not typically available to women, or to obtain a degree from a technical institute. In 1916, Biggiogero earned her certificate with a specialty in phys ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melegnano
Melegnano (formerly Marignano; lmo, Meregnan ) is a town and ''comune'' in Italy, in the province of Milan, region of Lombardy. The town lies southeast of the city of Milan. It received the honorary title of city with a presidential decree on 26 August 1959. The town is served by the Melegnano railway station. History Melegnano was a stronghold of Milan in the Italian Wars, and known particularly for the Battle of Marignano, a victory over the Swiss in 1515. It is also known for the battles between the French and Austrians in the Second Italian War of Independence (1859). Twin towns Melegnano is twinned with: * Paullo, Italy, since 2007 * Paris, France, since 2009 Main sights *Church of St. John the Baptist, housing an oil painting by Borgognone. *Medici Castle, with frescoed halls depicting military deeds of the Medici and views of German cities and of Lake Como. *Parchetto of Melegnano, with trees and benches famous for the old people created by Leonardo da Vinci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Descriptive Geometry
Descriptive geometry is the branch of geometry which allows the representation of three-dimensional objects in two dimensions by using a specific set of procedures. The resulting techniques are important for engineering, architecture, design and in art. The theoretical basis for descriptive geometry is provided by planar geometric projections. The earliest known publication on the technique was "Underweysung der Messung mit dem Zirckel und Richtscheyt", published in Linien, Nuremberg: 1525, by Albrecht Dürer. Italian architect Guarino Guarini was also a pioneer of projective and descriptive geometry, as is clear from his ''Placita Philosophica'' (1665), ''Euclides Adauctus'' (1671) and ''Architettura Civile'' (1686—not published until 1737), anticipating the work of Gaspard Monge (1746–1818), who is usually credited with the invention of descriptive geometry. Gaspard Monge is usually considered the "father of descriptive geometry" due to his developments in geometric pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Virginio Retali
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Virginio is a given name, and may refer to: * Virginio Cáceres (born 1962), Paraguayan footballer * Virginio Colombo (1885–1927), Italian architect * Virginio Ferrari (born 1952), Italian motorcycle racer * Virginio Ferrari (artist) (21st century), Italian sculptor * Virginio Livraghi (21st century), Italian comic strip artist and illustrator * Virginio Orsini (circa 1434 – 1497), Italian condottiero * Virginio Orsini (cardinal) (1615–1676), Italian cardinal * Virginio Rognoni (1924–2022), Italian politician * Virginio Rosetta (1902–1975), Italian former football player * Virginio Vespignani (1808–1882), Italian architect See also * Virginia (other) Virginia is a state in the United States of America. Virginia most often also refers to: *West Virginia, another U.S. state. *Virginia (given name) Virginia may also refer to: Places Australia *Virginia, Queensland *Virginia, South Australia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ellipse
In mathematics, an ellipse is a plane curve surrounding two focus (geometry), focal points, such that for all points on the curve, the sum of the two distances to the focal points is a constant. It generalizes a circle, which is the special type of ellipse in which the two focal points are the same. The elongation of an ellipse is measured by its eccentricity (mathematics), eccentricity e, a number ranging from e = 0 (the Limiting case (mathematics), limiting case of a circle) to e = 1 (the limiting case of infinite elongation, no longer an ellipse but a parabola). An ellipse has a simple algebraic solution for its area, but only approximations for its perimeter (also known as circumference), for which integration is required to obtain an exact solution. Analytic geometry, Analytically, the equation of a standard ellipse centered at the origin with width 2a and height 2b is: : \frac+\frac = 1 . Assuming a \ge b, the foci are (\pm c, 0) for c = \sqrt. The standard parametric e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luis Santaló
Luís Antoni Santaló Sors (October 9, 1911 – November 22, 2001) was a Spanish mathematician. He graduated from the University of Madrid and he studied at the University of Hamburg, where he received his Ph.D. in 1936. His advisor was Wilhelm Blaschke. Because of the Spanish Civil War, he moved to Argentina as a professor in the National University of the Littoral, National University of La Plata and University of Buenos Aires. His work with Blaschke on convex sets is now cited in its connection with Mahler volume. Blaschke and Santaló also collaborated on integral geometry. Santaló wrote textbooks in Spanish on non-Euclidean geometry, projective geometry, and tensors. Works Luis Santaló published in both English and Spanish: ''Introduction to Integral Geometry'' (1953) Chapter I. Metric integral geometry of the plane including densities and the isoperimetric inequality. Ch. II. Integral geometry on surfaces including Blaschke's formula and the isoperimetric inequalit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henri Lebesgue
Henri Léon Lebesgue (; June 28, 1875 – July 26, 1941) was a French mathematician known for his theory of integration, which was a generalization of the 17th-century concept of integration—summing the area between an axis and the curve of a function defined for that axis. His theory was published originally in his dissertation ''Intégrale, longueur, aire'' ("Integral, length, area") at the University of Nancy during 1902. Personal life Henri Lebesgue was born on 28 June 1875 in Beauvais, Oise. Lebesgue's father was a typesetter and his mother was a school teacher. His parents assembled at home a library that the young Henri was able to use. His father died of tuberculosis when Lebesgue was still very young and his mother had to support him by herself. As he showed a remarkable talent for mathematics in primary school, one of his instructors arranged for community support to continue his education at the Collège de Beauvais and then at Lycée Saint-Louis and Lycée Louis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morgan Crofton
Morgan Crofton (1826, Dublin, Ireland – 1915, Brighton, England) was an Irish mathematician who contributed to the field of geometric probability theory. He also worked with James Joseph Sylvester and contributed an article on probability to the 9th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. Crofton's formula is named in his honour. Early life Morgan Crofton was born into a wealthy Anglo-Irish family. His father, the Reverend William Crofton, Rector of Skreene, Co Sligo, was the younger brother of Sir Malby Crofton, 2nd Baronet of Longford House. He was also the cousin of Lord Edward Crofton, Baron Crofton of the Mote. Despite being born into an aristocratic, Anglican family, Crofton joined to the Roman Catholic Church in the 1850s in part due to an interest in Cardinal John Henry Newman. This led to his resignation at Queen's College, Galway and transference to various Catholic colleges. He married twice: firstly on 31 August 1857 Julia Agnes Cecilia, daughter of J B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Integral Geometry
In mathematics, integral geometry is the theory of measures on a geometrical space invariant under the symmetry group of that space. In more recent times, the meaning has been broadened to include a view of invariant (or equivariant) transformations from the space of functions on one geometrical space to the space of functions on another geometrical space. Such transformations often take the form of integral transforms such as the Radon transform and its generalizations. Classical context Integral geometry as such first emerged as an attempt to refine certain statements of geometric probability theory. The early work of Luis Santaló and Wilhelm Blaschke was in this connection. It follows from the classic theorem of Crofton expressing the length of a plane curve as an expectation of the number of intersections with a random line. Here the word 'random' must be interpreted as subject to correct symmetry considerations. There is a sample space of lines, one on which the affin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enrico Bompiani
Enrico Bompiani (12 February 1889 – 22 September 1975) was an Italian mathematician, specializing in differential geometry. Education and career Bompiani received his Ph.D. (laurea) in 1910 under Guido Castelnuovo at the Sapienza University of Rome with thesis ''Spazio rigato a quattro dimensioni e spazio cerchiato ordinario''. Until 1913 he remained in Rome as an assistant to Guido Castelnuovo and then, from 16 October 1913 to 30 October 1915, he was at the University of Pavia as an assistant to Francesco Gerbaldi. In December 1915 he became a docent lecturing on analytic geometry at the Sapienza University of Rome, where in 1922 he became an assistant professor (''professore incaricato''). In 1922 he won a competition for a professorial chair at the University of Milan, where he taught in 1922–1923. From 1923 to 1926 he was a professor at the University of Bologna. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Invariant Theory
Invariant theory is a branch of abstract algebra dealing with actions of groups on algebraic varieties, such as vector spaces, from the point of view of their effect on functions. Classically, the theory dealt with the question of explicit description of polynomial functions that do not change, or are ''invariant'', under the transformations from a given linear group. For example, if we consider the action of the special linear group ''SLn'' on the space of ''n'' by ''n'' matrices by left multiplication, then the determinant is an invariant of this action because the determinant of ''A X'' equals the determinant of ''X'', when ''A'' is in ''SLn''. Introduction Let G be a group, and V a finite-dimensional vector space over a field k (which in classical invariant theory was usually assumed to be the complex numbers). A representation of G in V is a group homomorphism \pi:G \to GL(V), which induces a group action of G on V. If k /math> is the space of polynomial functions on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reiss Relation
In algebraic geometry Algebraic geometry is a branch of mathematics, classically studying zeros of multivariate polynomials. Modern algebraic geometry is based on the use of abstract algebraic techniques, mainly from commutative algebra, for solving geometrical ..., the Reiss relation, introduced by , is a condition on the second-order elements of the points of a plane algebraic curve meeting a given line. Statement If ''C'' is a complex plane curve given by the zeros of a polynomial ''f''(''x'',''y'') of two variables, and ''L'' is a line meeting ''C'' transversely and not meeting ''C'' at infinity, then :\sum\frac=0 where the sum is over the points of intersection of ''C'' and ''L'', and ''f''''x'', ''f''''xy'' and so on stand for partial derivatives of ''f'' . This can also be written as :\sum\frac=0 where κ is the curvature of the curve ''C'' and θ is the angle its tangent line makes with ''L'', and the sum is again over the points of intersection of ''C'' and ''L' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liouville's Theorem (Hamiltonian)
In physics, Liouville's theorem, named after the French mathematician Joseph Liouville, is a key theorem in classical statistical and Hamiltonian mechanics. It asserts that ''the phase-space distribution function is constant along the trajectories of the system''—that is that the density of system points in the vicinity of a given system point traveling through phase-space is constant with time. This time-independent density is in statistical mechanics known as the classical a priori probability. There are related mathematical results in symplectic topology and ergodic theory; systems obeying Liouville's theorem are examples of incompressible dynamical systems. There are extensions of Liouville's theorem to stochastic systems. Liouville equations The Liouville equation describes the time evolution of the ''phase space distribution function''. Although the equation is usually referred to as the "Liouville equation", Josiah Willard Gibbs was the first to recognize the impor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
