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Geranin A
Geranin A is an A type proanthocyanidin of the propelargonidin sub type. Its structure is epi- afzelechin-(4β→8, 2β→O→7)-afzelechin. Geranins A and B can be found in ''Geranium niveum'' and show antiprotozoal Antiprotozoal agents ( ATC code: ATC P01) is a class of pharmaceuticals used in treatment of protozoan infection. A paraphyletic group, protozoans have little in common with each other. For example, ''Entamoeba histolytica'', a unikont eukaryotic ... activity. References Condensed tannin dimers {{aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A Type Proanthocyanidin
A type proanthocyanidins are a specific type of proanthocyanidins, which are a class of flavonoid. Proanthocyanidins fall under a wide range of names in the nutritional and scientific vernacular, including oligomeric proanthocyanidins, flavonoids, polyphenols, condensed tannins, and OPCs. Proanthocyanidins were first popularized by French scientist Jacques Masquelier. Distribution in plants A-type linkage is a less common feature in proanthocyanidins with both 4β→8 ( B-type) and 2β→O→7 interflavanoid bonds. A-type proanthocyanidin glycosides can be isolated from cocoa liquor. Dimers * Procyanidin A1 is an epicatechin-(2β→7,4β→8)-catechin dimer. * Procyanidin A2 is a dimeric (-)epicatechin. Other A-type proanthocyanidins can be found in cranberries, cinnamon, peanut skins and ''Geranium niveum''. Chemistry B-type procyanidins (catechin dimers) can be converted to A-type procyanidins by radical oxidation. Fragmentation patterns for A-type proanthocyanidi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Propelargonidin
Propelargonidins are a type of condensed tannins formed from epiafzelechin. They yield pelargonidin when depolymerized under oxidative conditions. Propelargonidins can be found in the rhizomes of the fern '' Drynaria fortunei'', in buckwheat (''Fagopyrum esculentum Buckwheat (''Fagopyrum esculentum''), or common buckwheat, is a flowering plant in the knotweed family Polygonaceae cultivated for its grain-like seeds and as a cover crop. The name "buckwheat" is used for several other species, such as '' Fag ...''), in the edible halophyte '' Mesembryanthemum edule''. Examples * Geranins A and B, dimers found in ''Geranium niveum'' * Selligueain A, a trimer found in the rhizome of ''Selliguea feei'' * the trimeric propelargonidin epiafzelechin-(4β→8)-epiafzelechin-(4β→8)-4′-O-methyl-(−)-epigallocatechin can be isolated from the stem bark of '' Heisteria pallida''.A trimeric propelargonidin from stem bark of Heisteria pallida. Verena Dirsch, András Neszmélyia and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Afzelechin
Afzelechin is a flavan-3-ol, a type of flavonoid. It can be found in ''Bergenia ligulata'' ( ''Paashaanbhed'' in Ayurveda traditional Indian medicine). It exists as at least 2 major epimers (afzelechin and epi-afzelechin). Metabolism (2R,3S)-catechin:NADP+ 4-oxidoreductase transforms cis-3,4-leucopelargonidin into afzelechin. Glycosides Arthromerin A ( afzelechin-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside) and arthromerin B ( afzelechin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) are afzelechin glycosides isolated from the roots of the fern '' Arthromeris mairei''. (+)-afzelechin-O-β-4'-D-glucopyranoside can be isolated from the rhizomes of the fern '' Selliguea feei''. Proanthocyanidins ; dimers Afzelechin-(4alpha→8)-afzelechin (molecular formula : C30H26O10, molar mass : 546.52 g/mol, exact mass : 546.152597, CAS number : 101339-37-1, Pubchem CID : 12395) is a B type proanthocyanidin. Ent-epiafzelechin-3-O-p-hydroxybenzoate-(4α→8,2α→O→7)-epiafzelechin) is an A-type proanthocyanidin found in apri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geranium Niveum
''Geranium niveum'' is a plant species in the genus '' Geranium''. It is a medicinal herb widely used by the Tarahumara Indians of Mexico. Geranin A (epi-afzelechin-(4β→8, 2β→O→7)-afzelechin), geranin B (epi-catechin-(4β→8, 2β→O→7)-afzelechin), mahuannin B, reynoutrin, hyperin, methyl gallate and 3-beta-caffeoyl-12-oleanen-28-oic acid can be found in ''G. niveum''. References External links ''Geraniumm niveum'' at CollectionSearchCenter niveum Flora of Mexico Plants described in 1886 {{Geraniaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antiprotozoal Agent
Antiprotozoal agents ( ATC code: ATC P01) is a class of pharmaceuticals used in treatment of protozoan infection. A paraphyletic group, protozoans have little in common with each other. For example, ''Entamoeba histolytica'', a unikont eukaryotic organism, is more closely related to ''Homo sapiens'' (humans), which also belongs to the unikont phylogenetic group, than it is to ''Naegleria fowleri'', a "protozoan" bikont. As a result, agents effective against one pathogen may not be effective against another. Antiprotozoal agents can be grouped by mechanism or by organism. Recent papers have also proposed the use of viruses to treat infections caused by protozoa. Medical uses Antiprotozoals are used to treat protozoal infections, which include amebiasis, giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis, microsporidiosis, malaria, babesiosis, trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, and toxoplasmosis. Currently, many of the treatments for these infections are limited by their toxicity. Outda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
