|
Propelargonidin
Propelargonidins are a type of condensed tannins formed from epiafzelechin. They yield pelargonidin when depolymerized under oxidative conditions. Propelargonidins can be found in the rhizomes of the fern '' Drynaria fortunei'', in buckwheat (''Fagopyrum esculentum Buckwheat (''Fagopyrum esculentum''), or common buckwheat, is a flowering plant in the knotweed family Polygonaceae cultivated for its grain-like seeds and as a cover crop. The name "buckwheat" is used for several other species, such as '' Fag ...''), in the edible halophyte '' Mesembryanthemum edule''. Examples * Geranins A and B, dimers found in ''Geranium niveum'' * Selligueain A, a trimer found in the rhizome of ''Selliguea feei'' * the trimeric propelargonidin epiafzelechin-(4β→8)-epiafzelechin-(4β→8)-4′-O-methyl-(−)-epigallocatechin can be isolated from the stem bark of '' Heisteria pallida''.A trimeric propelargonidin from stem bark of Heisteria pallida. Verena Dirsch, András Neszmélyia and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drynaria Fortunei
''Aglaomorpha fortunei'', commonly known as gu-sui-bu, is a species of basket fern of the family (biology), family Polypodiaceae. The plant is native to Eastern Asia, including eastern China. It is used in traditional Chinese medicine. This species is also more frequently cited by Asian studies by its synonym (biology), synonym, ''Drynaria fortunei''; however, this is an Nomen illegitimum, illegitimate name, the correct name in the genus ''Drynaria'' being ''Drynaria roosii''. Description ''Aglaomorpha fortunei'' is an epiphytic (growing on trees) or epipetric (growing on rocks) plant. Like other species of ''Aglaomorpha (plant), Aglaomorpha'', they possess two frond types – a fertile foliage frond and a sterile nest frond. Sterile nest fronds are rounded shallowly-lobed reddish-brown fronds overlapping each other. They bear no Sorus, sori and form a 'basket' characteristic of the genus. The fertile fronds are larger and deeply lobed. They bear 1 to 3 sori arranged on both ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mesembryanthemum Edule
''Carpobrotus edulis'' is a ground-creeping plant with succulent leaves in the genus '' Carpobrotus'', native to South Africa. Its common names include hottentot-fig, sour fig, ice plant or highway ice plant. Description ''Carpobrotus edulis'' is a creeping, mat-forming succulent species. It grows year round, with individual shoot segments growing more than 1 m (3 ft) per year. It can grow to at least 50 m (165 ft) in diameter. The leaves are a dull-green or yellow-green colour. They are only very slightly curved and have serrated sides near the tips. The yellow flowers are produced from April to October, and range from in diameter. Two of the calyx lobes are longer, extending further than the petals. The flowers open in the morning in bright sunlight and close at night. The receptacle is somewhat wedge-shaped, tapering down to the pedicel. The fruit is multi-chambered, ripening from green to yellow. The species is easily confused with its close relative ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heisteria Pallida
''Heisteria pallida'' is a plant species in the genus ''Heisteria ''Heisteria'' is a genus of plants in the family Olacaceae, although it is sometimes listed under the largely unrecognized family erythropalaceae. It contains the following species (this list may be incomplete): * ''Heisteria acuminata'' * ''Hei ...'' found in Brazil. The stem bark of ''H. pallida'' contains ourateacatechin ( 4′-O-methyl-(−)-epigallocatechin), ouratea-proanthocyanidin A ( epiafzelechin-(4β→8)-4′-O-methyl-(−)-epigallocatechin) and the trimeric propelargonidin epiafzelechin-(4β→8)-epiafzelechin-(4β→8)-4′-O-methyl-(−)-epigallocatechin.A trimeric propelargonidin from stem bark of Heisteria pallida. Verena Dirsch, András Neszmélyia and Hildebert Wagner, Phytochemistry, 3 August 1993, Volume 34, Issue 1, Pages 291–293, References External links tropicos.org Olacaceae Plants described in 1872 {{Santalales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Condensed Tannin
Condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins, polyflavonoid tannins, catechol-type tannins, pyrocatecollic type tannins, non-hydrolyzable tannins or flavolans) are polymers formed by the condensation of flavans. They do not contain sugar residues. They are called proanthocyanidins as they yield anthocyanidins when depolymerized under oxidative conditions. Different types of condensed tannins exist, such as the procyanidins, propelargonidins, prodelphinidins, profisetinidins, proteracacinidins, proguibourtinidins or prorobinetidins. All of the above are formed from flavan-3-ols, but flavan-3,4-diols, called (leucoanthocyanidin) also form condensed tannin oligomers, e.g. leuco-fisetinidin form profisetinidin, and flavan-4-ols form condensed tannins, e.g. 3',4',5,7-flavan-4-ol form proluteolinidin (luteoforolor). One particular type of condensed tannin, found in grape, are procyanidins, which are polymers of 2 to 50 (or more) catechin units joined by carbon-carbon bonds. These are not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geranin A
Geranin A is an A type proanthocyanidin of the propelargonidin sub type. Its structure is epi- afzelechin-(4β→8, 2β→O→7)-afzelechin. Geranins A and B can be found in ''Geranium niveum'' and show antiprotozoal Antiprotozoal agents ( ATC code: ATC P01) is a class of pharmaceuticals used in treatment of protozoan infection. A paraphyletic group, protozoans have little in common with each other. For example, ''Entamoeba histolytica'', a unikont eukaryotic ... activity. References Condensed tannin dimers {{aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Selligueain A
Selligueain A is an A type proanthocyanidin trimer of the propelargonidin type. It can be extracted from the rhizome of the fern '' Selliguea feei'' collected in Indonesia. It has sweetener {{Wiktionary, sweetener A sweetener is a substance added to food or drink to impart the flavor of sweetness, either because it contains a type of sugar, or because it contains a sweet-tasting sugar substitute. Many artificial sweeteners have been ... properties with relative sweetness of 35 times as compared to the intensity of a 2% w/v aqueous sucrose solution. References External links * Condensed tannins Natural phenol trimers Sugar substitutes Resorcinols {{Aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epiafzelechin
Afzelechin is a flavan-3-ol, a type of flavonoid. It can be found in ''Bergenia ligulata'' ( ''Paashaanbhed'' in Ayurveda traditional Indian medicine). It exists as at least 2 major epimers (afzelechin and epi-afzelechin). Metabolism (2R,3S)-catechin:NADP+ 4-oxidoreductase transforms cis-3,4-leucopelargonidin into afzelechin. Glycosides Arthromerin A ( afzelechin-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside) and arthromerin B ( afzelechin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) are afzelechin glycosides isolated from the roots of the fern '' Arthromeris mairei''. (+)-afzelechin-O-β-4'-D-glucopyranoside can be isolated from the rhizomes of the fern '' Selliguea feei''. Proanthocyanidins ; dimers Afzelechin-(4alpha→8)-afzelechin (molecular formula : C30H26O10, molar mass : 546.52 g/mol, exact mass : 546.152597, CAS number : 101339-37-1, Pubchem CID : 12395) is a B type proanthocyanidin. Ent-epiafzelechin-3-O-p-hydroxybenzoate-(4α→8,2α→O→7)-epiafzelechin) is an A-type proanthocyanidin found in apr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pelargonidin
Pelargonidin is an anthocyanidin, a type of plant pigment producing a characteristic orange color used in food and industrial dyes. Natural occurrences Presence in flowers Pelargonidin can be found in red geraniums (Geraniaceae). It is the predominant pigment causing the red coloration in the spathes of ''Philodendron'' (Araceae). The orange-coloured flowers of blue pimpernel ('' Anagallis monelli'', Myrsinaceae) have a higher concentration of pelargonidin pigment. Red and Pink Roses (Rosa) obtain their color from this phytochemical. Presence in food Pelargonidin can be found in berries such as ripe raspberries and strawberries, as well as blueberries, blackberries, cranberries but also in saskatoon berries and chokeberries. It is also found in plums and pomegranates. Pelargonidin gives red radishes their color. It is present in large amounts in kidney beans. Glycosides In many plant systems, Pelargonidin can be added to a glucose molecule to form Pelargonidin 3-gluco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fagopyrum Esculentum
Buckwheat (''Fagopyrum esculentum''), or common buckwheat, is a flowering plant in the knotweed family Polygonaceae cultivated for its grain-like seeds and as a cover crop. The name "buckwheat" is used for several other species, such as ''Fagopyrum tataricum'', a domesticated food plant raised in Asia. Despite its name, buckwheat is not closely related to wheat. It is not a cereal, nor is it even a member of the grass family. Buckwheat is related to sorrel, knotweed, and rhubarb, and is known as a pseudocereal because its seeds' culinary use is the same as cereals, owing to their high starch content. Etymology The name "buckwheat" or "beech wheat" comes from its triangular seeds, which resemble the much larger seeds of the beech nut from the beech tree, and the fact that it is used like wheat. The word may be a translation of Middle Dutch ''boecweite'': ''boec'' (Modern Dutch ''beuk''), "beech" (see PIE *''bhago''-) and ''weite'' (Mod. Dut. ''tarwe'', antiquated Dut. ''weit'') ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
