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Gender Reform In Esperanto
Gender asymmetry is an aspect of the constructed international auxiliary language Esperanto which has been challenged by numerous proposals seeking to regularize both Grammatical gender, grammatical and Lexicon, lexical gender. In the text below, when a proposed word or usage is not grammatically correct according to the standard rules of Esperanto grammar, it will be marked with an asterisk (*). Gender in Esperanto Esperanto does not have grammatical gender other than in the two personal pronouns "he" and "she" and their derivatives. Nevertheless, gender is often a fuzzy issue. In practical usage words formed with the suffix - "person" are ambiguous, sometimes used with a masculine meaning in the singular, but generally neutral in the plural. However, concepts of gender have changed over time, and many words that were once considered masculine are now neutral, especially words related to professions and animals. In older texts it is only context that disambiguates. For examp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Esperanto
Esperanto ( or ) is the world's most widely spoken constructed international auxiliary language. Created by the Warsaw-based ophthalmologist L. L. Zamenhof in 1887, it was intended to be a universal second language for international communication, or "the international language" (). Zamenhof first described the language in '' Dr. Esperanto's International Language'' (), which he published under the pseudonym . Early adopters of the language liked the name ''Esperanto'' and soon used it to describe his language. The word translates into English as "one who hopes". Within the range of constructed languages, Esperanto occupies a middle ground between "naturalistic" (imitating existing natural languages) and ''a'priori'' (where features are not based on existing languages). Esperanto's vocabulary, syntax and semantics derive predominantly from languages of the Indo-European group. The vocabulary derives primarily from Romance languages, with substantial contributions from Ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viro
Viro may refer to: ;People: * Viro Small, African American wrestler * Oleg Viro (born 1948), Russian mathematician *Catholicos Viro (d. 630), the leader of Caucasian Albanian Church in the early 7th century ;Places: * Estonia (''Viro'' in the Finnish language) * Porto Viro, an Italian municipality * Viro, Estonia, a village in Setomaa Parish Setomaa Parish ( et, Setomaa vald) is a rural municipality of Estonia, in Võru County. It has a population of 3,369 (as of 1 January 2018) and an area of 463.1 km². Settlements There is one small borough (''alevik'') Värska and 156 vil ..., Võru County, Estonia ;Other uses: * Viro (company), a Croatian sugar company * Viro (''Elemental Gelade''), fictional character the manga series ''Elemental Gelade'' {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Man Made Language
''Man Made Language'' (1980) is a book by Australian feminist writer Dale Spender. In it she examines numerous areas of sexism as it appears in nature and in the use of the English language, with particular focus on the way men and women talk and listen differently in couples and in mixed or single sex groups; how men have historically constructed the language; how the word ''man'' is used to refer to both men and the species; how God is always seen as male; and how intercourse is described as "penetrative" sex when penetration is something that only the man does. On the last point, Spender suggests the use of "engulfing/surrounding" sex as an alternative description of coitus from the woman's point of view. In an editorial review published on Amazon.com, Jesse Larsen writes, "Dale Spender presents a compelling and practical analysis of the androcentric construction of the English language: its social context The social environment, social context, sociocultural context or m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Third Way (magazine)
''Third Way'' was a British magazine which invited Christian thinkers and writers to analyse or comment on the political, social and cultural issues of the day. Notable columnists over the years included Jeremy Vine, Paul Vallely and Mike Riddell. According to the ''Times'', it was 'noted for giving a serious Christian perspective on topics ranging from the Bible to politics, environment to the arts'. The magazine was not affiliated with either the minor British political party Third Way, or with the centrist 'Third Way' policies of Tony Blair and Bill Clinton. Originally avowedly evangelical in its Christian alignment, it latterly sat comfortably alongside the Greenbelt Festival and the satirical website Ship of Fools. In 1974, thousands of Christians meeting at the First International Congress on World Evangelization held in Lausanne, Switzerland signed a covenant pledging to commit themselves to bringing the Christian gospel to bear on social issues. This sparked a lively deb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dale Spender
Dale Spender (born 22 September 1943)''The Bibliography of Australian Literature: P–Z'' edited by John Arnold, John Hay (page 409). is an Australian feminist scholar, teacher, writer and consultant. In 1983, Dale Spender was co-founder of and editorial advisor to Pandora Press, the first of the feminist imprints devoted solely to non-fiction, committed, according to the New York Times, to showing that "women were the mothers of the novel and that any other version of its origin is but a myth of male creation". She was the series editor of Penguin's Australian Women's Library from 1987. Spender's work is "a major contribution to the recovery of women writers and theorists and to the documentation of the continuity of feminist activism and thought". In the 1996 Australia Day honours, Spender was awarded Member of the Order of Australia "for service to the community as a writer and researcher in the field of equality of opportunity and equal status for women". Early life Spende ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bible Translations Into Esperanto
The initiator of Esperanto, L. L. Zamenhof, translated the entire Hebrew Bible into Esperanto. His translation has been much admired by Esperantists and is widely held up as a model or exemplar for other Esperanto authors and translators. Other translators have also edited and published Esperanto versions of the New Testament and Apocrypha. Historical development New Testament A committee led by British clergy and scholars (J.C. Rust, B.J. Beveridge and C.G. Wilkinson) was formed to translate the New Testament and to review L. L. Zamenhof's translation of the Hebrew Bible for eventual publication by the British and Foreign Bible Society. The New Testament was completed in 1910 and published in 1912. The translation of the New Testament is influenced by the English King James Bible, so it closely follows the ''Textus Receptus'' rather than the more modern accepted text based on the most ancient Greek manuscripts. Old Testament Zamenhof translated the entire Masoretic Bible (known t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minotaur
In Greek mythology, the Minotaur ( , ;. grc, ; in Latin as ''Minotaurus'' ) is a mythical creature portrayed during classical antiquity with the head and tail of a bull and the body of a man or, as described by Roman poet Ovid, a being "part man and part bull". He dwelt at the center of the Labyrinth, which was an elaborate maze-like construction designed by the architect Daedalus and his son Icarus, on the command of King Minos of Crete. The Minotaur was eventually killed by the Athenian hero Theseus. Etymology The word ''minotaur'' derives from the Ancient Greek , a compound of the name ( Minos) and the noun "bull", translated as "(the) Bull of Minos". In Crete, the Minotaur was known by the name Asterion, a name shared with Minos' foster-father. "Minotaur" was originally a proper noun in reference to this mythical figure. That is, there was only the one Minotaur. In contrast, the use of "minotaur" as a common noun to refer to members of a generic "species" of bull- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sinjoro
Sinjoro is a taluka, an administrative subdivision, of Sanghar District, Sindh, Pakistan. It is nearer to Sanghar then other Tehsil A tehsil (, also known as tahsil, taluka, or taluk) is a local unit of administrative division in some countries of South Asia. It is a subdistrict of the area within a district including the designated populated place that serves as its administr ...s. The people are mainly Sindhi. Most of the people are involved in agriculture and livestock, the Sindhi people are predominantly involved in cultivation whilst and retail shops in the city. Administration The taluka is administratively subdivided into 8 Union Councils, these are: * U.C 35 Pritamabad * U.C 36 Kurkali * U.C 37 Jaffar Khan Leghari * U.C 38 Jhol * U.C 39 Sinjhoro * U.C 40 Shahmardanabad * U.C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fräulein
''Fräulein'' ( , ) is the German language honorific for unmarried women, comparable to Miss in English and Mademoiselle in French. Description ''Fräulein'' is the diminutive form of ''Frau'', which was previously reserved only for married women. ''Frau'' is in origin the equivalent of "My lady" or "Madam", a form of address of a noblewoman. But by an ongoing process of devaluation of honorifics, it came to be used as the unmarked term for "woman" by about 1800. Therefore, ''Fräulein'' came to be interpreted as expressing a "diminutive of woman", as it were, implying that a ''Fräulein'' is not-quite-a-woman. By the 1960s, this came to be seen as patronising by proponents of feminism, partly because there is no equivalent male diminutive, and during the 1970s and 1980s, the term ''Fräulein'' became nearly taboo in urban and official settings, while it remained an unmarked standard in many rural areas. It is seen as sexist by modern feminists. This process was somewhat p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
