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Garad
Garad ( Harari: ገራድ, , , Oromo: ''Garaada'') is a term used to refer to a clan leader or regional administrator. It was used primarily by Muslims in the Horn of Africa that were associated with Islamic states, most notably the Adal Sultanate. Etymology The origin of the term ''Garad'' is uncertain. According to Enrico Cerulli, Garad originates from the era of the Adal emirate. Garad denotes a headman within a ''"Gaar"'' (clan). In the Somali language ''Garad'' roughly translates to "chief" or "wise man", as well as "wisdom". Garad also denotes a ''"chief"'' in Harari and Silt'e languages respectively. History Several Muslim states and dominions including Hadiya Sultanate, Sultanate of Darfur, Ganz province, Harla and Somali Sultanate leaders were known as Garads. Within Somali clans the use of the traditional hereditary title ''"Garad"'' is most widespread among the Dhulbahante and Karanle and was also used by the Habr Awal up until the 1940s. According to traditi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dhulbahante
The Dhulbahante ( so, Dhulbahante, ar, دلبةنتئ) is a Somali clan family, part of the Harti clan which itself belongs to the largest Somali clan-family — the Darod. They are the traditional inhabitants of the physiographic Nugaal in its topographic sense, and its pre-independence administrative sense, which included Doollo. The clan's progenitor is buried at Badweyn. The Ali Gheri clan were the first tribe to adopt the Dervish (Daraawiish) identity.*** Colonial administrator Douglas Jardine, stated the following about Dervish demographics: The supreme Garad of the Dhulbahante is currently Garad Jama Garad Ali. Overview The extended formal name of Dhulbahante, the clan's forefather was ''Said Saleh Abdi Mohamed Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti'' whose resting place is Badweyn. According to Somali tradition, his mother hailed from the of Arap clan of the Isaaq clan-family. This maternal connection has enticed a mutual affinity between the two clans. The primary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Farah Garad
The Farah Garad or the Garad Farah ( so, Faarax Garaad, ar, محمد جراد, Full Name:'' ’Farah Shirshore Habarwa Abdullah Muse Said Saleh Abdi Mohamed Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti'' ) is a Somali clan which is part of the Dhulbahante clan-family, a sub-division of the larger Harti/Darod clan. The Farah Garad are divided into two sub-clans — Yassin Garad and Abdalla Garad. Abdalla has three clan eponyms, Ahmed Garad, Baharsame and Barkad. The large chief caaqil agglomerations including ''Ararsame'' (Reer Hagar & Wa'eys Adan), or the ''Ali Gheri'' xeer group, (including Farah Adan & Odala Samakab). And Yassin Dia Group. Garad Jama Garad Ali is concurrently the Garad of Farah Garad and the supreme Garad of Dhulbahante, however the largest constituency of clan-head is held by Garad Abdirizak Garaad Soofe, who is the grand garad of the Cali Gheri and Ahmed Garad Overview The largest of the farah Garad sub-clans, are ''Ararsame'' (mainly Reer Hagar but also Wa'ays Adan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohamoud Garad
The Mohamoud Garad ( so, Maxamuud Garaad, ar, محمود جراد, Full Name:'' ’Mohamoud Shirshore Habarwa Abdullah Muse Said Saleh Abdi Mohamed Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti'' ) is a Somali clan. Its members form a part of the Dhulbahante, a sub-division of the Harti/Darod clan-family. The clan is divided into three main sub-clans ― namely the ''Jama Siad'', the ''Ugaadhyahan'' and ''Omar Wa’eys''. The traditional clan chief of Mohamoud Garad is Garad Saleban Garad Mohamed. Overview For political purposes, the Mohamoud Garad further sub-divided into Naleya Ahmed (the numerically largest sub-clan), Jama Siad and a confederation dubbed ''"Galool oriye"'' which encompasses all other sub-clans including Nuur Ahmed, Wa’eys Abdulle, Mohamoud Ugaadhyahan and Omar Wa’eys. The ''Jama Siad'' primarily inhabit the ''Casuura'' plains in western Sool, centred around the town of Yagoori. The ''Naleye Ahmed'' occupy a very large territory of centered on the ''Xadeed'' pla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adal Sultanate
The Adal Sultanate, or the Adal Empire or the ʿAdal or the Bar Saʿad dīn (alt. spelling ''Adel Sultanate, ''Adal ''Sultanate'') () was a medieval Sunni Muslim Empire which was located in the Horn of Africa. It was founded by Sabr ad-Din II after the fall of the Sultanate of Ifat. The kingdom flourished circa 1415 to 1577.. The sultanate and state were established by the local inhabitants of Zeila. or the Harar plateau. At its height, the polity under Sultan Badlay controlled the territory stretching from Somaliland to the port city of Suakin in Sudan. The Adal Empire maintained a robust commercial and political relationship with the Ottoman Empire. Etymology Adal is believed to be an abbreviation of Havilah. Eidal or Aw Abdal, was the Emir of Harar in the eleventh century. In the thirteenth century, the Arab writer al-Dimashqi refers to the Adal Sultanate's capital, Zeila, by its Somali name "Awdal" ( so, "Awdal"). The modern Awdal region of Somaliland, which was p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malassay
A Malassay ( Harari: መለሳይ ''Mäläsay'') was a member of the elite infantry units that formed the Adal Sultanate's household troops. According to Manfred Kropp, Malassay were the Harari armed forces. Etymology Malassay appears to refer to a military rank or warrior in Afar and Harari languages. According to Dr. Duri Mohammed and others, Malassay in ancient times attributed to Harari serviceman however in the present day it refers to a brotherhood or member of a fraternity. According to Harari scholar Abdurrahman Qorram, Malassay derives from the root Harari term ''mälä'' meaning to provide solutions. History Early Ge'ez and Portuguese texts indicate Muslim soldiers were known as the Malassay. In the thirteenth century the Malassay appear to back the Amhara rebel Yekuno Amlak in his conflict with the Zagwe dynasty. Historians have identified the Gafat regiments of the Malassay played a key role in founding the Christian Solomonic dynasty. Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghaz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hadiya Sultanate
The Hadiya Sultanate (r. ~13th century – 15th century) was a medieval kingdom located in southwestern Ethiopia, south of the Abbay River and west of Shewa. It was ruled by the Hadiya people, who spoke the Cushitic Hadiyya language. The historical Hadiya area was situated between Kambaata, Gamo and Wej, southwest of Shewa. By 1850, Hadiya is placed north-west of lakes Zway and Langano but still between these areas. Hadiya was historically a vassal state of the Adal federation. The Hadiya Kingdom was described in the mid-fourteenth century by the Arab historian Chihab Al-Umari as measuring eight days' journey by nine, which Richard Pankhurst estimates was 160 by 180 kilometers. Although small, Hadiya was fertile with fruit and cereals, rich with horses, and its inhabitants used pieces of iron as currency. It could raise an army of 40,000 cavalry and at least twice as many foot soldiers.Richard Pankhurst, ''The Ethiopian Borderlands'' (Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press, 1977) p. 79 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garaad Wiil-Waal Airport
Wilwal International Airport (also known as Garaad Wiil-Waal Airport) is an airport serving Jijiga, the capital city of the Somali Region in Ethiopia. The airport is located at , which is east of the city. It is named after nineteenth century jigjiga ruler Garad Wiil-Waal. Jijiga's original airfield is located northwest of the city center at . History The first airfield at Jijiga was constructed in 1929. An airplane crash at Jijiga in July 1930 involved the eighth or ninth aircraft introduced to Ethiopia; it was the second airplane disaster in the country. The plane was a Fiat AS-1 with 85 hp engine, a training airplane bought in 1929. The first tests in air pilot training in Ethiopia were passed at the Garad Wiil-Waal Airport by Mishka Babitcheff and Asfaw Ali on 1 and 4 September 1930. By the 1990s, the Garad Wiil-Waal Airport was one of 10 bases of the Ethiopian Air Force. Facilities The airport resides at an elevation of above mean sea level. It has one runway ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Habr Awal
The Habr Awal, also contemporarily known as the Subeer Awal, and alternately romanized as the Zubeyr Awal ( so, Habar Awal, ar, هبر أول, Full Name: '' Zubeyr ibn Abd al-Raḥmān ibn ash- Shaykh Isḥāq ibn Aḥmad)'' is a major clan of the wider Isaaq clan family, and is further divided into eight sub-clans of whom the two largest and most prominent are the Sa'ad Musa and Issa Musa sub-clans. Its members form a part of the Habr Magaadle confederation. The Habr Awal traditionally consists of nomadic pastoralists, coastal people, merchants and farmers. They are historically viewed as an affluent clan relative to other Somali clans. The Habr Awal are politically and economically influential in present-day Somaliland, and reside in strategic coastal and fertile lands. Distribution The Habr Awal clan make up the majority in Maroodi Jeex region which is considered the most populous region in Somaliland, forming a majority in the national capital Hargeisa as well as exclu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harari Language
Harari is an Ethiopian Semitic language spoken by the Harari people of Ethiopia. According to the 2007 Ethiopian census, it is spoken by 25,810 people. Most of its speakers are multilingual in Amharic and/or Eastern Oromo. Harari is closely related to the Eastern Gurage languages, Zay, and Silt'e, all of whom are linked to the now extinct Semitic Harla language. Locals or natives of Harar refer to it as ''Gēy Sinan'' or ''Gēy Ritma'' "language of the City" (''Gēy'' is the word for how Harari speakers refer to Harar, whose name is an exonym). Harari was originally written with a version of the Arabic script, then the Ethiopic script was adopted to write the language. Some Harari speakers in diaspora write their language with the Latin alphabet. Vowels /æ, a, e, ai, ɪ, i/ Grammar Nouns Number Wolf Leslau discusses Harari–East Gurage phonology and grammar: The noun has two numbers, Singular and Plural. The affix -ač changes singulars into plurals: : abōč, a man; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geledi
The Geledi are a Somali clan that live predominantly in the environs of Afgooye city. They are a sub-clan of the Rahanweyn and led the Geledi sultanate during the late 17th to early 20th century. They are divided into two main lineage groups: the Tolweyne and the Yabadhaale. History Origins The nobles within the Geledi claim descent from Omar al-Din ( Abadir) who arrived from Harar. He had 3 other brothers, Fakhr and with 2 others of whom their names are given differently as Shams, Umudi, Alahi and Ahmed. Together they were known as ''Afarta Timid'' , 'the 4 who came', indicating their origins from Arabia. However the Geledi people like the other Rahanweyn are of true Somali stock and like the Darod and Isaaq claiming Arab lineage was a phenomenon. Aw Kalafow a descendant of Omar is stated to be the first to use the title ''Garad''. Ajuran Sultanate The Geledi and their Wacdaan allies were under the rule of the Ajuran client Silcis. The grandfather of Ibrahim Adeer was an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sultanate Of Darfur
The Sultanate of Darfur was a pre-colonial state in present-day Sudan. It existed from 1603 to October 24, 1874, when it fell to the Sudanese warlord Rabih az-Zubayr and again from 1898 to 1916, when it was conquered by the British and integrated into Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. At its peak in the late 18th and early 19th century it stretched all the way from Darfur in the west to Kordofan and the western banks of the White Nile in the east, giving it the size of present-day Nigeria. History Origins Darfur is composed mostly of semi-arid plains that cannot support a dense population. The one exception is the area in and around the Jebal Marra mountains. It was from bases in these mountains that a series of groups expanded to control the region. The Daju and the 14th century migrants the Tunjur were the earliest powers in Darfur according to written records. The transition of power from the Daju to the Tunjur was facilitated through marriage. Eventually the Tunjur began marryin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ganz Province
Ganz province (Amharic: ገንዝ), also known as Ganazo or Ganzo was a region surrounding what is now the capital region and city of Addis Ababa in Ethiopia. Islamic state Originally an Islamic state ruled by a Garad,Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: D-Ha pg. 686 Ganz was part of the unsuccessful Islamic alliance that opposed Amda Seyon I in the 1320s. The polity allied with the Sultanate of Adal again in Ahmedudin Badlay's war to retake Dawaro from Abyssinian control, but Ganz was defeated and became an Abyssinian province. Imam Ahmed Gurey's forces recaptured Ganz during his jihad, but the territory returned to Abyssinian control soon after his death. End of Ganz Ganz was occupied in the Oromo migrations by the Tulama Oromo, though the territory was conquered in the 19th century by the Kingdom of Shewa, who made Addis Ababa Addis Ababa (; am, አዲስ አበባ, , new flower ; also known as , lit. "natural spring" in Oromo), is the capital and largest city of Ethiopia. It is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
