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Malassay
A Malassay ( Harari: መለሳይ ''Mäläsay'') was a member of the elite infantry units that formed the Adal Sultanate's household troops. According to Manfred Kropp, Malassay were the Harari armed forces. Etymology Malassay appears to refer to a military rank or warrior in Afar and Harari languages. According to Dr. Duri Mohammed and others, Malassay in ancient times attributed to Harari serviceman however in the present day it refers to a brotherhood or member of a fraternity. According to Harari scholar Abdurrahman Qorram, Malassay derives from the root Harari term ''mälä'' meaning to provide solutions. History Early Ge'ez and Portuguese texts indicate Muslim soldiers were known as the Malassay. In the thirteenth century the Malassay appear to back the Amhara rebel Yekuno Amlak in his conflict with the Zagwe dynasty. Historians have identified the Gafat regiments of the Malassay played a key role in founding the Christian Solomonic dynasty. Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghaz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Hadiya
The Battle of Hadiya was fought between the forces of the Hadiya led by their Garad (chief) Aze, and the Ethiopian Empire under Emperor Sarsa Dengel. The Hadiya ruler had refused to pay tribute to the Ethiopian emperor, which lead to the conflict. Emir Uthman of Harar dispatched 500 Malassay warriors donned in cuirasses to assist Hadiya however Aze's own men, who were large in number, refused to fight the invading Ethiopian army. Hadiya soldiers cited their refusal as being due to already having sustained heavy casualties during the Oromo migrations The Great Oromo Expansions, also known as the Oromo migrations, were a series of expansions, outlined by a Ethiopian monk named Bahrey, in the 16th and 17th centuries by the Borona segment of the Oromo people from southern Ethiopia. Who expanded .... The Malassay of Harar, finding themselves alone in battle, were thus easily defeated by the Ethiopian forces. References Hadiya {{battle-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Ansata
The Battle of Ansata was fought in the year 1270 AD between the forces of Yekuno Amlak, future emperor of Ethiopia, and Yetbarak of the Zagwe dynasty. The forces of Yekuno Amlak had received assistance from the Gafat whose commander was an unnamed Muslim called "The Malassay A Malassay ( Harari: መለሳይ ''Mäläsay'') was a member of the elite infantry units that formed the Adal Sultanate's household troops. According to Manfred Kropp, Malassay were the Harari armed forces. Etymology Malassay appears to refer t ..." and from Sultan Dil Gamis of the Sultanate of Shewa, giving the Amhara rebels an advantage over the Zagwe. After defeating his army, Yekuno Amlak pursued Yetbarak, the king of Zagwe, into the church of Saint Qirqos at Ansata, slaying him. References Ansata Ansata {{battle-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garad
Garad ( Harari: ገራድ, , , Oromo: ''Garaada'') is a term used to refer to a clan leader or regional administrator. It was used primarily by Muslims in the Horn of Africa that were associated with Islamic states, most notably the Adal Sultanate. Etymology The origin of the term ''Garad'' is uncertain. According to Enrico Cerulli, Garad originates from the era of the Adal emirate. Garad denotes a headman within a ''"Gaar"'' (clan). In the Somali language ''Garad'' roughly translates to "chief" or "wise man", as well as "wisdom". Garad also denotes a ''"chief"'' in Harari and Silt'e languages respectively. History Several Muslim states and dominions including Hadiya Sultanate, Sultanate of Darfur, Ganz province, Harla and Somali Sultanate leaders were known as Garads. Within Somali clans the use of the traditional hereditary title ''"Garad"'' is most widespread among the Dhulbahante and Karanle and was also used by the Habr Awal up until the 1940s. According to traditi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gafat People
The Gafat (Amharic: ጋፋት) are an extinct ethnic group that once inhabited present day western Ethiopia. They spoke the Gafat language, an extinct South Ethiopic grouping within the Semitic subfamily of the Afroasiatic languages and closely related to Harari and Eastern Gurage languages. According to Alleqa Taye, in the year 1922 Gafat was only spoken privately in Gojjam due to the Amhara designating them outcasts. Etymology A few linguists have postulated Gafat is an extract from the root Harari term ''Gáfá'' meaning slave. History Gafat was located just within the kingdom of Damot to the north upper Gibe River and bordered directly on southern bank of the Blue Nile. Like near by Damot, Gafat is reported in the Gedle Yared to have come under Zagwe rule in the 12th century and Tekle Haymanot accomplished his mission as well. Gafat on both side of the Nile appeared to have kept them in great numbers. The thirteenth century Amhara rebel leader Yekuno Amlak was suppor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmad Ibn Ibrahim Al-Ghazi
Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi ( so, Axmed Ibraahim al-Qaasi or Axmed Gurey, Harari: አሕመድ ኢብራሂም አል-ጋዚ, ar, أحمد بن إبراهيم الغازي ; 1506 – 21 February 1543) was an imam and general of the Adal Sultanate. Imam Ahmad (commonly named Ahmed ''Gurey'' ''in Somali, and ''Gura'' in Afar, both meaning "the left-handed" or "the southpaw")'', invaded the Ethiopian Empire under the Sultanate of Adal during the Ethiopian-Adal War. Ethnicity Imam Ahmad is regarded by most scholars as an ethnic Somali. However, a few historians have dismissed the Somali theory. Merid Wolde Aregay argued Ahmed ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi belonged to the Harla dynasty of rulers through his father. Mohammed Hassan also states Ahmed was the son of Garad Ibrahim, a provincial governor of Sim in Harla realm. According to Taddesse Tamrat, although various Somali clans were involved in the conquest, Ahmed was not a Somali and had links to the Semitic-speaking Wâlasma aristoc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harari People
The Harari people ( Harari: Gēy Usuach, "People of the City") are Semitic-speaking ethnic group inhabiting the Horn of Africa. Members traditionally reside in the walled city of Harar, called simply ''Gēy'' "the City" in Harari, situated in the Harari Region of eastern Ethiopia. They speak the Harari language, a member of the South Ethiopic grouping within the Semitic subfamily of the Afroasiatic languages. History The Harla people, an extinct Afroasiatic-speaking people native to Hararghe, are considered by most scholars to be the precursors to the Harari people. The ancestors of the Hararis moved across the Bab-el-Mandeb, settling in the shores of Somaliland and later expanding into the interior producing a Semitic-speaking population among Cushitic and non-Afroasiatic-speaking peoples in what would become Harar. Sheikh Abadir, the legendary patriarch of the Harari, is said to have arrived in the Harar plateau in the early thirteenth century, where he was met by the Ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaturi People
The Gaturi ( Harari: ጋቱሪ), also spelled as Gatouri are an extinct ethnic group that once inhabited present-day eastern Ethiopia. History According to Mohammed Hassan, the Gaturi were a Semitic-speaking people who resided in the region of mount Kundudo and Babile, the region that formed part of the little principality of Dawaro. The Harari chronicle states Abadir arrived at an Islamic region called Bandar Gaturi known later as Harar in the tenth or thirteenth century. In Harar, Abadir encountered the Gaturi alongside the Harla and Argobba people. Gaturi is claimed by one source to be a Harla sub clan. According to another Harari tradition seven clans and villages united against a common adversary including Gaturi to form Harar city-state. In the middle ages during the Ethiopian-Adal war, one of the leaders of the Muslim forces of Malassay was Amir Husain bin Abubaker al-Gaturi. Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi designated Amir Husain al-Gaturi as governor of Dawaro region wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adal Sultanate
The Adal Sultanate, or the Adal Empire or the ʿAdal or the Bar Saʿad dīn (alt. spelling ''Adel Sultanate, ''Adal ''Sultanate'') () was a medieval Sunni Muslim Empire which was located in the Horn of Africa. It was founded by Sabr ad-Din II after the fall of the Sultanate of Ifat. The kingdom flourished circa 1415 to 1577.. The sultanate and state were established by the local inhabitants of Zeila. or the Harar plateau. At its height, the polity under Sultan Badlay controlled the territory stretching from Somaliland to the port city of Suakin in Sudan. The Adal Empire maintained a robust commercial and political relationship with the Ottoman Empire. Etymology Adal is believed to be an abbreviation of Havilah. Eidal or Aw Abdal, was the Emir of Harar in the eleventh century. In the thirteenth century, the Arab writer al-Dimashqi refers to the Adal Sultanate's capital, Zeila, by its Somali name "Awdal" ( so, "Awdal"). The modern Awdal region of Somaliland, which was p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Endagabatan
The Battle of Endagabatan was fought in the year 1563 between the forces of the Ethiopian Empire led by ''Dejazmach'' Taklo, and rebels under ''Dejazmach'' Hamalmal. Hamalmal led a revolt against his cousin, the Emperor of Ethiopia Sarsa Dengel. Hamalmal barricaded his forces at Endagabatan in preparation for an offensive. Largely outnumbered by Hamalmal's rebels, the Emperor's able general Taklo successfully received assistance from the Muslim Malassay Garad Asmaddin of Wej Orleans (; French language, French: ; officially and in French OrléansThe suburb is called ''Orléans'' (with an accent) in French, but is commonly called ''Orleans'' (no accent) in English. The official name in English was changed from ''Orlea .... The revolt was suppressed after a series of victories by the imperial troops which led to Hamalmal requesting clemency from the Emperor. References Endagabatan Endagabatan {{battle-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Hazalo
The Battle of Hazalo was fought between the forces of Adal Sultanate led by Nur ibn Mujahid, and Oromo of Gada Michelle. Nur and his troops were returning from a victory at the Battle of Fatagar against the Ethiopian Imperial army, when they were ambushed sustaining heavy casualties. Adal's elite soldiers the Malassay were killed in large number effectively ending the Harari states regional superiority. Nur and a few of his troops however were able to push back the Oromo and return to Harar Harar ( amh, ሐረር; Harari: ሀረር; om, Adare Biyyo; so, Herer; ar, هرر) known historically by the indigenous as Gey (Harari: ጌይ ''Gēy'', ) is a walled city in eastern Ethiopia. It is also known in Arabic as the City of Saint .... References {{battle-stub Adal Sultanate History of Ethiopia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Fatagar
The Battle of Fatagar (alternatively known as Nech Sar) was a reprisal war between the participants of the previous Adal Sultanate and Ethiopian Empire in the Ethiopian-Adal war. It was fought between the forces of the Sultanate of Harar led by Nur ibn Mujahid, and the Ethiopian Empire under Emperor Gelawdewos. The Ethiopian Emperor was killed by Adal forces in this battle. Battle In 1559, Nur invaded Fatagar to confront Gelawdewos with the Malassay comprising eighteen hundred horsemen, five hundred riflemen, numerous sword and bow-wielding troops. The Abyssinian forces were greatly outnumbered as Gelawdewos had sent an army to lay siege to Harar. However, the explorer Richard Francis Burton tells a slightly different account, adding that Gelawdewos had been supervising the restoration of Debre Werq when he received a message from Emir Nur challenging him to combat. When the Emperor met the Emir, a priest warned that the angel Gabriel had told him Gelawdewos would needlessly risk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Shimbra Kure
The Battle of Shimbra Kure ("chickpea swamp") was fought on 9 March 1529 between the forces of Adal led by Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi, and the Abyssinian army, under Dawit II (Lebna Dengel). Arab Faqīh states that many Somalis on the left flank retreated from the battlefield with the exception of the Habar Magaadle and Geri Combe tribes, with the Ethiopians pursuing them and killing a large number of their men, but that the Harla on the right flank managed to hold their ground. According to Merid Wolde Aregay, the Harari cavalry or the Malassay with support from the Arab cuirassiers (a type of armoured, pistol-carrying cavalry) shifted the momentum in favor of the Adalites. The army of Imam Ahmad prevailed, and were in control of the field at the end of the battle. Both sides suffered heavy casualties. Despite this success, and despite his desire to capture and hold the Emperor's palace at Badeqe, Imam Ahmad, in part also to appease his restive men, withdrew from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
