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Forese Donati
Forese Donati was an Italian nobleman born in Florence, associated with the Guelphs. He was the son of Simone di Forese and Tessa, and the brother of Corso and Piccarda Donati.Cellerino, L. (1992). Donati, Forese In "Dizionario Biografico". Retrieved March 28, 2021, from https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/forese-donati_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29/#:~:text=DONATI%2C%20Forese He was married to Nella Donati, and had one daughter, Ghita, with her. He was known as a childhood friend of Dante Alighieri. He died in 1296, in Firenze. In their youth, Forese and Dante exchanged a series of playful sonnets called ''tenzone'', which take the form of a series of exchanged insults. Role in the Works of Dante Alighieri Forese in Dante's ''Divine Comedy'' In Purgatorio 23 of the ''Divine Comedy,'' Dante encounters Forese on the sixth terrace of Purgatory, where the gluttonous are punished by being forced to starve for food and drink while passing past them, similar to the punishment of Tan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corso Donati
Corso Donati was a leader of the Black Guelph faction in 13th- and early 14th- century Florence. Bologna and Pistoia In the late thirteenth century, power in Florence and the other Tuscan cities was divided between the Podestà, an outsider who served as chief magistrate, and the guildmasters. Corso served as Podestà of Bologna in 1283 and 1288, and of Pistoia in 1289. In 1289, as captain of the people in Pistoia, he led a group of soldiers in a cavalry charge at the Battle of Campaldino, in which the Guelphs defeated the Ghibellines and cemented their control over Florence. Leader of the Black Guelphs In 1293, the merchants of Florence, led by Giano della Bella, prevented the nobility from taking the office of guildmaster. Corso led the noble faction which aligned with the working class against the merchants. In 1294 Corso was acquitted of killing a man in a fight; an angry mob came to della Bella seeking justice after the acquittal, but he sent them away whereupon they rioted a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piccarda
Piccarda Donati (Florence, mid-thirteenth century – Florence, end of the thirteenth century) was a medieval noblewoman and a religious woman from Florence, Italy. She appears as a character in Dante Alighieri's ''Divine Comedy''. Biography Piccarda was born into the Donati family, the prominent Florentine family leading the Black Guelph faction. She was the sister of Corso Donati, leader of the Black Guelphs, and Forese Donati, known for his friendship with Dante. It is also likely that Dante and Piccarda knew each other well. At a young age, Piccarda fled her home in order to become a nun. She joined the Order of Saint Clare (also known as the "Poor Clares") in the convent of Santa Maria di Monticelli, located in the vicinities of Florence. About a year later, Piccarda was forcibly removed from the monastery by Corso Donati, who forced her to marry Rossellino della Tosa for political interests, namely, to strengthen the alliance of the Donati with the Della Tosa family. S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nella Donati
Nella Donati (possibly also known as Giovanna or Giovannella) was a medieval noblewoman from Florence, Italy. She is primarily known because of Dante Alighieri's treatment of her relationship to her husband, Forese Donati, in the ''Divine Comedy'' and in a series of poems Dante exchanged with Forese. Biography Nella is associated with the Frescobaldi family. She was married to Forese Donati and they had one daughter named Ghita. In 1296, Forese died in Florence, and Nella became a widow. She has been described to be young at Forese's death. She is not known to have ever remarried.Diaz, S. E. (2011). ''Dietro a lo Sposo, SÍ La Sposa Piace: Marriage in Dante's 'Commedia (Doctoral dissertation, New York University, 2011). Ann Arbor, Michigan: ProQuest LLC. Nella is also associated with the Ghibellines, according to Dante's writings.Díaz, S. E. (2014). Contested Virilities: Constructing masculinity in Dante's Tenzone with Forese. ''Italian Culture,'' ''32''(1), 1-19. doi:10.1179/0 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dante Alighieri
Dante Alighieri (; – 14 September 1321), probably baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri and often referred to as Dante (, ), was an Italian poet, writer and philosopher. His ''Divine Comedy'', originally called (modern Italian: ''Commedia'') and later christened by Giovanni Boccaccio, is widely considered one of the most important poems of the Middle Ages and the greatest literary work in the Italian language. Dante is known for establishing the use of the vernacular in literature at a time when most poetry was written in Latin, which was accessible only to the most educated readers. His ''De vulgari eloquentia'' (''On Eloquence in the Vernacular'') was one of the first scholarly defenses of the vernacular. His use of the Florentine dialect for works such as '' The New Life'' (1295) and ''Divine Comedy'' helped establish the modern-day standardized Italian language. His work set a precedent that important Italian writers such as Petrarch and Boccaccio would later ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Divine Comedy
The ''Divine Comedy'' ( it, Divina Commedia ) is an Italian narrative poem by Dante Alighieri, begun 1308 and completed in around 1321, shortly before the author's death. It is widely considered the pre-eminent work in Italian literature and one of the greatest works of world literature. The poem's imaginative vision of the afterlife is representative of the medieval worldview as it existed in the Western Church by the 14th century. It helped establish the Tuscan language, in which it is written, as the standardized Italian language. It is divided into three parts: ''Inferno'', ''Purgatorio'', and '' Paradiso''. The narrative takes as its literal subject the state of the soul after death and presents an image of divine justice meted out as due punishment or reward, and describes Dante's travels through Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven. Allegorically, the poem represents the soul's journey towards God, beginning with the recognition and rejection of sin (''Inferno''), followed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tantalus
Tantalus ( grc, Τάνταλος ) was a Greek mythological figure, most famous for his punishment in Tartarus: he was made to stand in a pool of water beneath a fruit tree with low branches, with the fruit ever eluding his grasp, and the water always receding before he could take a drink. He was also called Atys. He was the father of Pelops, Niobe and Broteas, and was a son of Zeus and the nymph Plouto (mother of Tantalus), Plouto. Thus, like other heroes in Greek mythology such as Theseus (his great-great-grandson) and the Dioskouroi, Tantalus had both a hidden, divine parent and a mortal one. The Greeks used the proverb "Tantalean punishment" ( grc, Ταντάλειοι τιμωρίαι: ) in reference to those who have good things but are not permitted to enjoy them. His name and punishment are also the source of the English word ''tantalise'', referring to an object of desire that is out of reach. Etymology Plato in the ''Cratylus (dialogue), Cratylus''395e interprets ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Florence
Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico anno 2013, datISTAT/ref> Florence was a centre of medieval European trade and finance and one of the wealthiest cities of that era. It is considered by many academics to have been the birthplace of the Renaissance, becoming a major artistic, cultural, commercial, political, economic and financial center. During this time, Florence rose to a position of enormous influence in Italy, Europe, and beyond. Its turbulent political history includes periods of rule by the powerful Medici family and numerous religious and republican revolutions. From 1865 to 1871 the city served as the capital of the Kingdom of Italy (established in 1861). The Florentine dialect forms the base of Standard Italian and it became the language of culture throughout Ital ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Invective
Invective (from Middle English ''invectif'', or Old French and Late Latin ''invectus'') is abusive, reproachful, or venomous language used to express blame or censure; or, a form of rude expression or discourse intended to offend or hurt; vituperation, or deeply seated ill will, vitriol. The Latin adjective ''invectivus'' means 'scolding.' The genre of invective The "genre of invective" or "''vituperatio''" in Latin is a classical literary form used in Greek and Roman polemical verse as well as in prose. Its primary context is as rhetoric. The genre of ''vituperatio'' belongs to the ''genus demonstrativum'', which is composed of the elements of the praise and the blame. During the Roman Republic, personal invectives and character assassination were widely used as part of both forensic speeches and orations. Cicero made frequent use of the invective form against political foes such as Clodius, Catilina (in the Catalinarian speeches) or Mark Antony (Philippics). Common charges in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Church Fathers
The Church Fathers, Early Church Fathers, Christian Fathers, or Fathers of the Church were ancient and influential Christian theologians and writers who established the intellectual and doctrinal foundations of Christianity. The historical period in which they worked became known as the Patristic Era and spans approximately from the late 1st to mid-8th centuries, flourishing in particular during the 4th and 5th centuries, when Christianity was in the process of establishing itself as the state church of the Roman Empire. In traditional dogmatic theology, authors considered Church Fathers are treated as authoritative, and a somewhat restrictive definition is used. The academic field of patristics, the study of the Church Fathers, has extended the scope of the term, and there is no definitive list. Some, such as Origen and Tertullian, made major contributions to the development of later Christian theology, but certain elements of their teaching were later condemned. Great Fathe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Virgil
Publius Vergilius Maro (; traditional dates 15 October 7021 September 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil ( ) in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He composed three of the most famous poems in Latin literature: the ''Eclogues'' (or ''Bucolics''), the ''Georgics'', and the epic ''Aeneid''. A number of minor poems, collected in the ''Appendix Vergiliana'', were attributed to him in ancient times, but modern scholars consider his authorship of these poems as dubious. Virgil's work has had wide and deep influence on Western literature, most notably Dante's ''Divine Comedy'', in which Virgil appears as the author's guide through Hell and Purgatory. Virgil has been traditionally ranked as one of Rome's greatest poets. His ''Aeneid'' is also considered a national epic of ancient Rome, a title held since composition. Life and works Birth and biographical tradition Virgil's biographical tradition is thought to depend on a lost biography by the Roman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piccarda Donati
Piccarda Donati (Florence, mid-thirteenth century – Florence, end of the thirteenth century) was a medieval noblewoman and a religious woman from Florence, Italy. She appears as a character in Dante Alighieri's ''Divine Comedy''. Biography Piccarda was born into the Donati family, the prominent Florentine family leading the Black Guelph faction. She was the sister of Corso Donati, leader of the Black Guelphs, and Forese Donati, known for his friendship with Dante. It is also likely that Dante and Piccarda knew each other well. At a young age, Piccarda fled her home in order to become a nun. She joined the Order of Saint Clare (also known as the "Poor Clares") in the convent of Santa Maria di Monticelli, located in the vicinities of Florence. About a year later, Piccarda was forcibly removed from the monastery by Corso Donati, who forced her to marry Rossellino della Tosa for political interests, namely, to strengthen the alliance of the Donati with the Della Tosa family. S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dante
Dante Alighieri (; – 14 September 1321), probably baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri and often referred to as Dante (, ), was an Italian poet, writer and philosopher. His ''Divine Comedy'', originally called (modern Italian: ''Commedia'') and later christened by Giovanni Boccaccio, is widely considered one of the most important poems of the Middle Ages and the greatest literary work in the Italian language. Dante is known for establishing the use of the vernacular in literature at a time when most poetry was written in Latin, which was accessible only to the most educated readers. His ''De vulgari eloquentia'' (''On Eloquence in the Vernacular'') was one of the first scholarly defenses of the vernacular. His use of the Florentine dialect for works such as '' The New Life'' (1295) and ''Divine Comedy'' helped establish the modern-day standardized Italian language. His work set a precedent that important Italian writers such as Petrarch and Boccaccio would later ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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