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Fuke-shū
or Fuke Zen was, according to the legend, a distinct and ephemeral derivative school of Zen Buddhism that originated as an offshoot of the Rinzai school during the nation's feudal era, lasting from the 13th century until the late 19th century. There are however no historical records to support this. Fuke-shū traced its philosophical roots to the eccentric Zen master Puhua (J. ''Fuke''), as well as similarities and correspondences with the early Linji school, one of the Five Houses of Chan, and previous Chan Buddhism traditions, particularly Huineng's "Sudden Enlightenment", in Tang China. The connection to the Zen master Puhua has not been established in historical records, except for a text that was published in 1795 but is most likely a made-up story in order to institutionalize the monks of the Fuke sect. Fuke monastics or ''komusō'' were noted for playing the shakuhachi as a form of meditation known as suizen ("blowing meditation"), an innovation from the earlier zaz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kokū Nishimura
was a master shakuhachi player, teacher, and craftsman. Like his teacher, Kyochiku Tani, Nishimura became a ''komusō'' (a mendicant shakuhachi player). Nishimura wandered Japan as a mendicant for ten years. Kyochiku Tani was trained in the Fuke sect. After the sect's abolition in 1871, he continued the tradition of shakuhachi playing as a spiritual practice. The early 20th century saw a revival of the shakuhachi as a secular instrument for ensembles. Amateur shakuhachi flautists formed secular orchestras. Nishimura, however, played an antiquated shakuhachi with no plaster added to the bore. He also favoured long instruments. He decided to call this flute style ''kyotaku'' in order to differentiate it from the shorter, modern shakuhachi tuned to D minor pentatonic. The name ''kyotaku'' comes from the legend of the foundation of the Fuke sect described in ''Kyotaku denki kokuji kai''. Nishimura's son, Koryū, continued the study and teaching of kyotaku in Kumamoto. Nishimura ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puhua
Zhenzhou Puhua (Chinese: traditional: 鎮州普化, simplified: 普化, pinyin: ''Zhenzhou Pǔhuà''; Japanese: ''Jinshu Fuke'', honorifically ''Fuke Zenji'' (lit. "Zen master Fuke")—allegedly ca. 770–840 ''or'' 860), also called P'u-k'o, and best known by his Japanese name, Fuke, was a Chinese Chán (Zen) master, monk-priest, wanderer and eccentric, mentioned in the ''Record of Linji'' (J. ''Rinzai-roku'' 臨剤録). Fuke was used to create a legend for the komusō samurai-monks that appeared in Edo-period Japan. They used their self-named Fuke Zen to establish a constructed connection to Japanese Rinzai Zen Buddhism in the 17th or 18th century. The legend is written in the ''Kyotaku Denki'' (虚鐸伝記), first published in 1795 together with a "Japanese Translation" of the "original" in literary Chinese (''kanbun''). The original text may have been written in the middle of the 17th century, but there are no historic texts to support this. For the komusō (虚無僧) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suizen
''Suizen'' (吹禅) (“blowing Zen”) is a Zen practice consisting of playing the traditional Japanese shakuhachi bamboo flute as a means of attaining self-realization.''The Annals of the International Shakuhachi Society'', Volume 1. Ed. Dan E Mayers .d., c. 1996? Christopher Blasdel, “The Shakuhachi: Aesthetics of a single tone,” p. 13. Suizen was traditionally practiced by the Komusō (“monks of emptiness”), the Zen Buddhist monks of the Fuke sect of Japan who flourished during the Edo period (1600 to 1868). Instrumental music is rare in all Buddhist practice where instruments usually accompany ritual chants if they are used at all. With ''suizen'', the playing of the shakuhachi as a spiritual exercise is at the core of the religious practice, making it unique in the world of Buddhism. The practice of ''suizen'' may be understood in the context of both ancient Buddhist and Chinese classics which exerted a profound influence on Japanese music, which used awareness of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Komusō
The (also romanized or ) were a group of Japanese mendicant monks of the Fuke school of Zen Buddhism who flourished during the Edo period (1603–1867). were characterized by a straw basket (a sedge or reed hood known as a ) worn on the head, manifesting the absence of specific ego but also useful for traveling incognito. They were also known for playing solo pieces on the (a type of bamboo flute). These pieces, called ("fundamental pieces"), were played during a meditative practice called , in return for alms, as a method of attaining enlightenment, and as a healing modality. During the Meiji period (1868–1912), the Japanese government formally abolished the Fuke sect. Documentation of the musical repertoire of the performers survived, and it has been revived in the 21st century. History According to a legend dating from 1795, a Japanese priest returned from China in the middle of the 13th century and purportedly brought the with him, though this is considered t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Watazumi Doso
Roshi (November 20, 1911 - December 14, 1992) was a master of the end-blown Japanese bamboo flute. He studied Rinzai school, Rinzai Zen, attaining the title of rōshi. Born as Tanaka Masaru, he was also known as Tanaka Fumon, Itcho Fumon, Watazumi Fumon, and Watazumi Shuso. Watazumi played unlacquered instruments that he referred to as hotchiku, in contrast with the modern shakuhachi, stressing that to truly understand nature and oneself, one had to use an instrument of the most raw and natural origin. From this grew what he called ''Watazumidō'' "Way of Watazumi". In addition to hotchiku, Watazumi used the jō for exercise, invigoration, and training. Quotations * "It's fine that you are all deep into music. But there's something deeper and if you would go deeper, if you go to the source of where the music is being made, you'll find something even more interesting. At the source, everyone's individual music is made. If you ask what the deep place is, it's your own life and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linji School
The Línjì school () is a school of Chan Buddhism named after Linji Yixuan (d. 866). It took prominence in Song China (960–1279), spread to Japan as the Rinzai school and influenced the nine mountain schools of Korean Seon. History Song dynasty Before the Song dynasty, the Linji school was rather obscure and very little is known about its early history. Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period (907–960/979 CE) The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period () (907–960/979 CE) was an era of political upheaval between the fall of the Tang dynasty and the founding of the Song. During this period, five dynasties quickly succeeded one another in the north, and more than twelve independent states were established, of which only ten are traditionally listed. This division into various regions and kingdoms led to a diversification of Chan factions, reflected in the Five Houses of Chán. The Fayan school was especially influential in the Southern Tang (937-975) and Wuyue (907-978). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A Begging Criminal-J
A, or a, is the first letter and the first vowel of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''a'' (pronounced ), plural ''aes''. It is similar in shape to the Ancient Greek letter alpha, from which it derives. The uppercase version consists of the two slanting sides of a triangle, crossed in the middle by a horizontal bar. The lowercase version can be written in two forms: the double-storey a and single-storey ɑ. The latter is commonly used in handwriting and fonts based on it, especially fonts intended to be read by children, and is also found in italic type. In English grammar, " a", and its variant " an", are indefinite articles. History The earliest certain ancestor of "A" is aleph (also written 'aleph), the first letter of the Phoenician alphabet, which consisted entirely of consonants (for that reason, it is also called an abjad to distinguish it fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sutra
''Sutra'' ( sa, सूत्र, translit=sūtra, translit-std=IAST, translation=string, thread)Monier Williams, ''Sanskrit English Dictionary'', Oxford University Press, Entry fo''sutra'' page 1241 in Indian literary traditions refers to an aphorism or a collection of aphorisms in the form of a manual or, more broadly, a condensed manual or text. Sutras are a genre of ancient and medieval Indian texts found in Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. In Hinduism, sutras are a distinct type of literary composition, a compilation of short aphoristic statements.Gavin Flood (1996), ''An Introduction to Hinduism'', Cambridge University Press, , pages 54–55 Each sutra is any short rule, like a theorem distilled into few words or syllables, around which teachings of ritual, philosophy, grammar, or any field of knowledge can be woven. The oldest sutras of Hinduism are found in the Brahmana and Aranyaka layers of the Vedas. Every school of Hindu philosophy, Vedic guides for rites of passage, v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buddhist Texts
Buddhist texts are those religious texts which belong to the Buddhist tradition. The earliest Buddhist texts were not committed to writing until some centuries after the death of Gautama Buddha. The oldest surviving Buddhist manuscripts are the Gandhāran Buddhist texts, found in Afghanistan and written in Gāndhārī, they date from the first century BCE to the third century CE. The first Buddhist texts were initially passed on orally by Buddhist monastics, but were later written down and composed as manuscripts in various Indo-Aryan languages (such as Pāli, Gāndhārī, and Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit) and collected into various Buddhist Canons. These were then translated into other languages such as Buddhist Chinese (''fójiào hànyǔ'' 佛教漢語) and Classical Tibetan as Buddhism spread outside of India. Buddhist texts can be categorized in a number of ways. The Western terms "scripture" and "canonical" are applied to Buddhism in inconsistent ways by West ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Honkyoku
''Honkyoku'' (本曲, "original pieces") are the pieces of shakuhachi music collected in the 18th century by a Komuso of the Japanese Fuke sect Kinko Kurosawa. It was believed that these pieces were played by the members of the Fuke Sect. The Fuke sect was a Japanese sect of masterless samurai (Ronins) self called komusō "Lay Monks of the Non-Dual & None-ness". According to Japanologist Torsten Olafsson ''"Having become masterless samurai in a time of peace and having had to join the growing groups of flute-playing beggars to survive, like the komosō:, those rōnin did no longer enjoyed the privileges and relative security of belonging to any ordinary families, or households, that could be inspected, approved, and registered every year under the new "Danka System", as a result in 1640 they organized themselves as sincere members of some kind of a "new" native Buddhist movement that played the shakuhachi' It is believed that after the crushing of the revolt of ronins around Sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kokutai-ji
, originally , is one of fourteen autonomous branches of the Rinzai school of Japanese Zen, founded in 1300 by the monk Jiun Myoi in Toyama, Japan. In 1327 Emperor Go-Daigo gave the temple the name Kokutai-ji, and Jiun Myoi became Seisen Zenji.Head Temples Kokutai-ji was once also a temple of the Fuke sect (as many Rinzai monasteries in Japan once were), and housed komusō. Rinzai monks and priests still dress and practice ''suizen'' as komusō during memorial ceremonies in remembrance of Jiun Myoi. See also *Buddhism in Japan * For an explanation of terms concerning Japanese Buddhism, Japanese Buddhist art, and Japanese Buddhist temple architecture, see the Glossary of Japanese Buddhism This is the glossary of Japanese Buddhism, including major terms the casual (or brand-new) reader might find useful in understanding articles on the subject. Words followed by an asterisk (*) are illustrated by an image in one of the photo galle .... Notes References * Buddhist te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyoto
Kyoto (; Japanese: , ''Kyōto'' ), officially , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in Japan. Located in the Kansai region on the island of Honshu, Kyoto forms a part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kobe. , the city had a population of 1.46 million. The city is the cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area known as Greater Kyoto, a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) home to a census-estimated 3.8 million people. Kyoto is one of the oldest municipalities in Japan, having been chosen in 794 as the new seat of Japan's imperial court by Emperor Kanmu. The original city, named Heian-kyō, was arranged in accordance with traditional Chinese feng shui following the model of the ancient Chinese capital of Chang'an/Luoyang. The emperors of Japan ruled from Kyoto in the following eleven centuries until 1869. It was the scene of several key events of the Muromachi period, Sengoku period, and the Boshin War, such as the Ōnin War, the Ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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