Francis Karl Alter
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Francis Karl Alter
Francis Karl Alter (german: Franz Karl Alter) (1749–1804), a Jesuit, born in Silesia, and professor of Greek at Vienna, was an editor of the Greek text of the New Testament.Bruce M. Metzger, Bart D. Ehrman, "The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration", ''Oxford University Press'', 2005, p. 168. His edition was different from those of Mill, Wettstein, and Griesbach, because he used only the manuscripts housed at the Imperial Library at Vienna. S. P. Tregelles, ''The Printed Text of the Greek New Testament'', London 1854, p. 692. It was the first edition of the Greek New Testament that contained evidence from Slavic manuscripts themselves, as opposed to Christian Frederick Matthaei's editions (1803-7), also claimed (by Bruce Metzger) to be the first to contain evidence from the Slavic version of the New Testament. Alter used twelve manuscripts of the Gospels ( U, 3, 76, 77, 108, 123, 124, 125, 219, 220, 224, 225), six of the Acts (3, 43a, ...
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Anton Wachsmann Franz Carl Alter
Anton may refer to: People *Anton (given name), including a list of people with the given name *Anton (surname) Places *Anton Municipality, Bulgaria **Anton, Sofia Province, a village *Antón District, Panama **Antón, a town and capital of the district *Anton, Colorado, an unincorporated town *Anton, Texas, a city *Anton, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community *River Anton, Hampshire, United Kingdom Other uses *Case Anton, codename for the German and Italian occupation of Vichy France in 1942 *Anton (computer), a highly parallel supercomputer for molecular dynamics simulations * ''Anton'' (1973 film), a Norwegian film * ''Anton'' (2008 film), an Irish film *Anton Cup The Anton Cup is the championship trophy of the Swedish junior hockey league, J20 SuperElit. The trophy was donated by Anton Johansson, chairman of the Swedish Ice Hockey Association between 1924 and 1948, in 1952, as an award for Sweden's top-rank ...
, the championship trophy of the Swedish junior hockey ...
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Gospel
Gospel originally meant the Christian message ("the gospel"), but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was set out. In this sense a gospel can be defined as a loose-knit, episodic narrative of the words and deeds of Jesus, culminating in his trial and death and concluding with various reports of his post-resurrection appearances. Modern scholars are cautious of relying on the gospels uncritically, but nevertheless, they provide a good idea of the public career of Jesus, and critical study can attempt to distinguish the original ideas of Jesus from those of the later authors. The four canonical gospels were probably written between AD 66 and 110. All four were anonymous (with the modern names added in the 2nd century), almost certainly none were by eyewitnesses, and all are the end-products of long oral and written transmission. Mark was the first to be written, using a variety of sources. The authors of Matthew and Luke both independently ...
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Acts Of The Apostles
The Acts of the Apostles ( grc-koi, Πράξεις Ἀποστόλων, ''Práxeis Apostólōn''; la, Actūs Apostolōrum) is the fifth book of the New Testament; it tells of the founding of the Christian Church and the spread of its message to the Roman Empire. It gives an account of the ministry and activity of Christ's apostles in Jerusalem and other regions, after Christ's death, resurrection, and ascension. Acts and the Gospel of Luke make up a two-part work, Luke–Acts, by the same anonymous author. It is usually dated to around 80–90 AD, although some scholars suggest 90–110. The first part, the Gospel of Luke, tells how God fulfilled his plan for the world's salvation through the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth. Acts continues the story of Christianity in the 1st century, beginning with the ascension of Jesus to Heaven. The early chapters, set in Jerusalem, describe the Day of Pentecost (the coming of the Holy Spirit) and the growth of the ...
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Minuscule 225
Minuscule 225 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 1210 ( Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1192.K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, "Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments", ''Walter de Gruyter'', Berlin, New York 1994, p. 60. It was adapted for liturgical use. Description The codex contains a complete text of the four Gospels, on 171 parchment leaves (size ). The text is written in one column per page, 29 lines per page. It contains pictures, lectionary markings at the margin, lessons, synaxaria, and Menologion. The Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53-8:11) is placed after John 7:36. Text The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. According to Hermann von Soden it represents the Antiocheian commentated text. Kurt Aland did not placed it in any Category. According to the Claremont Profile Method it has mixed Byzantine tex ...
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Minuscule 224
Minuscule 224 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 1212 ( Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 12th century.K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, "Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments", ''Walter de Gruyter'', Berlin, New York 1994, p. 60. It has marginalia. Description The codex contains only the text of the Gospel of Matthew, on 97 parchment leaves (size ). The text is written in one column per page, 19 lines per page. The text is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numbers are given at the margin, and the (''titles of chapters'') at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the Ammonian Sections, but without references to the Eusebian Canons. It contains the table of the (''table of contents'') before the Gospel, lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical reading), synaxaria, Menologion, and subscriptions at the ...
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Minuscule 220
Minuscule 220 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 457 ( Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 13th century.K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, "Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments", ''Walter de Gruyter'', Berlin, New York 1994, p. 60. It has complex contents. It has marginalia. Description The codex contains a complete text of the four Gospels, on 303 parchment leaves (size ). It is written in one column per page, 22 lines per page, in very small letters. The text is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numbers are given at the margin, and the (''titles of chapters'') at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the Ammonian Sections (in Mark 234, last numbered section in 16:10), references to the Eusebian Canons are absent. It contains lectionary markings at the margin for liturgical reading, and synaxaria. Text T ...
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Minuscule 219
Minuscule 219 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 385 ( Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 13th century.K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, "Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments", ''Walter de Gruyter'', Berlin, New York 1994, p. 60. It has marginalia. Description The codex contains a complete text of the four Gospels, on 232 parchment leaves (size ). It is written in one column per page, 21 lines per page. The text is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numbers are given at the margin, and the (''titles of chapters'') at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the Ammonian Sections (in Mark 233, 16:8), with references to the Eusebian Canons (written below Ammonian Section numbers). It contains the lists of the (''tables of contents'') before each Gospel, and subscriptions at the end of each Gospel. Text The Gr ...
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Minuscule 125
Minuscule 125 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 1028 ( Von Soden numbering). It is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on a parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century.K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, ''Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments'', Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York 1994, p. 54. The manuscript has survived in complete condition. It has with full marginalia (completed by a later hand). Description The manuscript contains the text of the four Gospels on 306 parchment leaves (). The text is written in one column per page, 23 lines per page. The capital letters are written in colour. The text is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numbers are given at the margin of the text, and their (''titles of chapters'') at the top of the pages. There is also another division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections (Mark 234), with references to the Eusebian Canons (written belo ...
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Minuscule 124
Minuscule 124 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 1211 ( Von Soden numbering), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament Gospels, on 188 thick parchment leaves (21.7 by 18.8 cm). The manuscript has been palaeographically assigned to the 11th century. It has marginalia and liturgical matter. The manuscript is cited in editions of the Novum Testamentum Graece. Description The codex contains the text of the four Gospels. The text is written in two columns per page, 25-28 lines per page.K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, ''Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments'', Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York 1994, p. 54. The initial letters are written in red and blue. It was corrected by the first hand. The text is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numbers are given at the margin, with their (''titles of chapters'') at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections with refe ...
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Minuscule 123
Minuscule 123 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 174 ( Von Soden numbering), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on a parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. It has complex contents with some marginalia. Description The codex contains a complete text of the four Gospels on 328 thick parchment leaves (). The text is written in one column per page, 18 lines per page. The text is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their (''titles of chapters'') at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections (in Mark 241 – 16:20), but without references to the Eusebian Canons. It contains the Epistula ad Carpianum, the Eusebian Canon tables, Prolegomena, tables of the (''tables of contents'') before each Gospel, pictures, and subscriptions at the end of each Gospel. Text The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type ...
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Minuscule 108
Minuscule 108 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), A144 ( Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 11th century.K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, "Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments", ''Walter de Gruyter'', Berlin, New York 1994, p. 53. It has complex contents with some marginalia. Description The codex contains a complete text of the four Gospels with a commentary on 426 parchment leaves (). The text is written stichometrically in one column per page. The initial letters in gold. The text is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numbers are given at the margin, with the (''titles of chapters'') at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the Ammonian Sections (in Mark 233 sections, the last in 16:8), with references to the Eusebian Canons. It contains the Epistula ad Carpianum, Eusebian Canon tables, prolegomena, li ...
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Minuscule 77
Minuscule 77 (in the Biblical manuscript#Gregory-Aland, Gregory-Aland numbering), A143 (Biblical manuscript#Von Soden, von Soden), is a Greek language, Greek Lower case, minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeography, Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century.K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, "Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments", ''Walter de Gruyter'', Berlin, New York 1994, p. 51. It has complex contents and full marginalia. Description The codex contains a complete text of the four Gospels with a commentary on 302 leaves (size ). The parchment is thin. The biblical text written in 21 lines per page, the text of commentary in 54 lines per page. It is written in very neat minuscule letters. The initial letters are in colour. The text is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numbers are given at the margin, and the (''titles of chapters'') at the top of the pages. There is also ...
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