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First Inspectorate-General (Turkey)
The First Inspectorate-General () refers to a former regional administrative area in Turkey. The First Inspectorate-General span over the provinces Hakkâri, Siirt, Şırnak, Mardin, Şanlıurfa, Bitlis, Elazığ and Van. Background After the suppression of the Sheikh Said revolt in spring 1925, Kemal Atatürk established the Reform Council for the East () which prepared the Report for Reform in the East () which encouraged the creation of Inspectorates-Generals (, UMs) in the areas comprising a majority Kurdish population. History The First Inspectorate-General was created on the 1 January 1928 and based on the Law 1164, passed in June 1927. The headquarters of the Inspectorate General was to be in the city of DiyarbakırCagaptay (2006), p.23 and İbrahim Tali Öngören was appointed its Inspector-General. He had extended authority over military, juridical and civilian matters. An infrastructure program including railways, schools, and a land reform was elaborated for t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
İbrahim Tali Öngören
İbrahim Tali Öngören (1875–1952) was a Turkish military officer and politician. Education and early life He attended the medical academy of the Ottoman military and during the Turco-Italian war he was deployed to Tripolitania where he met Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) in 1911. While preparation towards World War I were met, he was assigned the Deputy Chief of the Health Department of the Ottoman Army in 1914. He was promoted to Colonel in June 1915. As such he served in Çanakkale and Sedd el Bahr, later he stationed in the city of Diyarbakır where he met Atatürk again in 1916. He was shortly assigned as the Medical Inspector to the Ottoman Army in the Caucasus but upon his return to Istanbul, he became the Inspector for the Ottoman soldiers in treatment in the German Empire. In Germany he attended a medical congress on infectious illnesses, representing the Ottoman Empire. He became an adherent to the Kemalist ideology, was one of the military officers who supported Mustafa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democrat Party (Turkey, 1946–1961)
The Democrat Party ( Turkish: ''Demokrat Parti'', DP for short) was a centre-right political party in Turkey, and the country's third legal opposition party, after the Liberal Republican Party (Serbest Cumhuriyet Fırkası) established by Ali Fethi Okyar in 1930, and the National Development Party (Milli Kalkınma Partisi) established by Nuri Demirağ in 1945. Founded and led by Celâl Bayar and Adnan Menderes, it was the first of the opposition parties to rise to power, de-seating the Republican People's Party (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi) during the national elections of 1950 and ending Turkey's one party era. The party ″facilitated the resurgence of Islam, especially at the popular level, in Turkey″. History The events and outcome of World War II played a large role in the emergence of the Democrat Party. A condemnation of fascism coincided with the defeat of the Axis Powers, and President İsmet İnönü realized that if he did not invite opposition against the CHP, Turkey ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fevzi Çakmak
Mustafa Fevzi Çakmak (12 January 1876 – 10 April 1950) was a Turkish field marshal ('' Mareşal'') and politician. He served as the Chief of General Staff from 1918 and 1919 and later the Minister of War of the Ottoman Empire in 1920. He later joined the provisional Government of the Grand National Assembly and became the Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of National Defense and later as the Prime Minister of Turkey from 1921 to 1922. He was the second Chief of the General Staff of the provisional Ankara Government and the first Chief of the General Staff of the Republic of Turkey. Graduating from the War College as a Staff Captain and assigned to the 4th Department of the General Staff, Mustafa Fevzi participated in numerous battles during the prolonged downfall of the Ottoman Empire, such as the First Balkan War and the Battle of Monastir. He was engaged as the Commander of the V Corps throughout the defence of Gallipoli, during which his younger brother was killed in the B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kemalism
Kemalism ( tr, Kemalizm, also archaically ''Kamâlizm''), also known as Atatürkism ( tr, Atatürkçülük, Atatürkçü düşünce), or The Six Arrows ( tr, Altı Ok), is the founding official ideology of the Republic of Turkey.Eric J. Zurcher, Turkey: A Modern History. New York, J.B. Tauris & Co ltd. page 181 Kemalism, as it was implemented by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, was defined by sweeping political, social, cultural and religious reforms designed to separate the new Turkish state from its Ottoman predecessor and embrace a Western-style modernized lifestyle,Cleveland, William L., and Martin P. Bunton. ''A History of the Modern Middle East''. Boulder: Westview, 2013. including the establishment of secularism/laicism (french: laïcité), state support of the sciences, free education, and many more. Most of those were first introduced to and implemented in Turkey during Atatürk's presidency through his reforms. Many of the root ideas of Kemalism began during the late Ottoma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1934 Turkish Resettlement Law
The 1934 Resettlement Law (also known as Law no. 2510) was a policy adopted on 14 June 1934 by the Turkish government which set forth the basic principles of immigration. Joost Jongerden has written that the law constituted a policy of forcible assimilation of non-Turkish minorities through forced and collective resettlement. Background There were resettlement policies also at the end of the Ottoman Empire. From 1910 onwards the Ottoman Empire began to establish immigrant commissions that regulated the settlement of the immigrants coming from the Balkans. The immigrants from the Balkans were not allowed to exceed 10% of the local population.Jongerden (2007), pp. 178-179 Kurds who were resettled from Eastern Anatolia to the west, were also split up in groups not exceeding 300 people and tribe leaders were separated from their tribe. The Kurds should also not make up more than 5% of the local population they were resettled to. A previous settlement law from May 1926 (also known as Law ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
İsmet İnönü
Mustafa İsmet İnönü (; 24 September 1884 – 25 December 1973) was a Turkish army officer and statesman of Kurdish descent, who served as the second President of Turkey from 11 November 1938 to 22 May 1950, and its Prime Minister three times: from 1923 to 1924, 1925 to 1937, and 1961 to 1965. İnönü is acknowledged by many as Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's right-hand man, with their friendship going back to the Gallipoli campaign. In the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922, he served as the first Chief of the General Staff ( tr, Erkân-ı Harbiye-i Umumiye Reis Vekili) from 1922 to 1924 for the regular Turkish army, during which he commanded the forces of the battles of First and Second İnönü. Mustafa Kemal bestowed İsmet with the surname İnönü, where the battles took place, when the 1934 Surname Law was adopted. He was also chief negotiator in the Mudanya and Lausanne conferences for the Ankara government, successfully negotiating away the Sevre treaty for the Trea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of The Interior (Turkey)
The Ministry of Interior or Ministry of the Interior or Interior Ministry ( tr, İçişleri Bakanlığı lit. Ministry of Internal Affairs) is a government ministry of the Republic of Turkey, responsible for interior security affairs in Turkey. The current Minister of the Interior is Süleyman Soylu, after the resignation of his predecessor Efkan Ala in August 2016. Functions The ministry is responsible for disaster and emergency management, immigration, inspection of local government, gendarmerie and coast guard (in peacetime), and police. The ministry helps to combat human trafficking, smuggling and bootleg alcohol. Alleged interference in politics Although forming a new political party is a constitutional right, the Interior Ministry allegedly blocked the Green Party from standing in the general election due by June 2023. Ministers of the Internal Affairs See also * Ministry of the Interior (Ottoman Empire) References External links * *https://twitte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Şükrü Kaya
Şükrü Kaya (1883 – 10 January 1959) was a Turkish people, Turkish civil servant and politician, who served as government minister, Minister of Interior and List of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Turkey, Minister of Foreign affairs in several governments. Biography Born in İstanköy (Kos), part of the Dodecanese in the then Ottoman Empire, he finished Galatasaray High School before he graduated from Law School in 1908. He did his graduate work in Paris, France. He worked as inspector of treasury for the Empire. At the start of World War I, Şükrü was appointed the Director of Settlement of Tribes and Migrants. The Director of Settlement of Tribes and Migrants was mainly tasked with managing the Armenian deportations during the Armenian genocide. In September 1915, he was transferred to Aleppo, an important location along the deportation route into the Syrian desert. While the Armenian Genocide was underway, Şükrü was tasked to administrate the concentration ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viranşehir
Viranşehir ( ku, Wêranşar) is a market town serving a cotton-growing area of Şanlıurfa Province, in southeastern Turkey, 93 km east of the city Şanlıurfa and 53 km north-west of Ceylanpınar at the Syrian border. In Late Antiquity, it was known as Constantina or Constantia ( el, Κωνσταντίνη) by the Romans and Byzantines, and Tella by the local Assyrian/Syriac population. History According to the Byzantine historian John Malalas, the city was built by the Roman Emperor Constantine I on the site of former Maximianopolis, which had been destroyed by a Persian attack and an earthquake. During the next two centuries, it was an important location in the Roman/Byzantine Near East, playing a crucial role in the Roman–Persian Wars of the 6th century as the seat of the ''dux Mesopotamiae'' (363–540). It was also a bishopric, suffragan of Edessa. Jacob Baradaeus was born near the city and was a monk in a nearby monastery. The city was captured by the Ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Derik, Turkey
Derik ( ku, Dêrika Çiyayê Mazî) is a town in the Derik District in Mardin Province of Turkey. The town had a population of 18,942 in 2021. Government In the local elections of April 10 Mülkiye Esmez from the Peoples' Democratic Party was elected mayor. But on 15 November 2019 she was detained and a day later dismissed from her post as mayor and the District Governor Hakan Kafkas was appointed as trustee instead. History The town is first mentioned in the late 14th century, however a Roman fort indicates that the area has been inhabited for longer. Prior to the Assyrian and Armenian genocide, Assyrians and Armenians formed the majority in the district. The Armenian population of the county continued to form the majority even up until the 1930s, when systematic state persecution forced many to emigrate. One family continues to live here, and they maintain the old Armenian Church. The Armenian Apostolic Church in Derik is only one out of six in Anatolian Turkey that operates ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siverek
Siverek (from hy, Սեւավերակ, lit=black ruins, translit=Sevaverag, ku, Sêwreg) is a city and district in the south-east of Turkey, in Şanlıurfa Province. Population 107,634 (city); 247,000 (district) (2000 census). Siverek is in Şanlıurfa province but closer geographically to the large city of Diyarbakır (approx 83 km). History Siverek was historically known in medieval Arabic as Hisn ar-Ran, which was corrupted into Greek Chasanara ( gr, Χασαναρᾶ) as found in the Escorial Taktikon. The town came under Byzantine control sometime after 956 and by the early 970s had become the seat of a strategos. In the Ottoman Empire period Siverek was within the Diyarbekir vilayet, and it had several Christian settlements. Climate Siverek has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: ''Csa''). Politics In common with other districts of Şanlıurfa, business and politics in Siverek are strongly influenced, even controlled, by a powerful c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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