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1934 Turkish Resettlement Law
The 1934 Resettlement Law (also known as Law no. 2510) was a policy adopted on 14 June 1934 by the Turkish government which set forth the basic principles of immigration. Joost Jongerden has written that the law constituted a policy of forcible assimilation of non-Turkish minorities through forced and collective resettlement. Background There were resettlement policies also at the end of the Ottoman Empire. From 1910 onwards the Ottoman Empire began to establish immigrant commissions that regulated the settlement of the immigrants coming from the Balkans. The immigrants from the Balkans were not allowed to exceed 10% of the local population.Jongerden (2007), pp. 178-179 Kurds who were resettled from Eastern Anatolia to the west, were also split up in groups not exceeding 300 people and tribe leaders were separated from their tribe. The Kurds should also not make up more than 5% of the local population they were resettled to. A previous settlement law from May 1926 (also known as Law ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mehmed Fuad Köprülü 1966-001
Mehmed (modern Turkish: Mehmet) is the most common Bosnian and Turkish form of the Arabic name Muhammad ( ar, محمد) (''Muhammed'' and ''Muhammet'' are also used, though considerably less) and gains its significance from being the name of Muhammad, the prophet of Islam. Originally the intermediary vowels in the Arabic ''Muhammad'' were completed with an ''e'' in adaptation to Turkish phonotactics, which spelled Mehemed and the name lost the central ''e'' over time Final devoicing of ''d'' to ''t'' is a regular process in Turkish. The prophet himself is referred to in Turkish using the archaic version, ''Muhammed''. The name Mehmet also often appears in derived compound names. The name is also prevalent in former Ottoman territories, particularly among Balkan Muslims in Albania, Bosnia and Kosovo. The name is also commonly used in Turkish culture in the form of Mehmetçik, meaning ''little Mehmet'', for unranked soldiers. Given name Mehmed *Mehmed I (1382–1421), Ottoman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1934 Thrace Pogroms
The 1934 Thrace pogroms ( tr, Trakya Olayları, "Thrace incidents" or "Thrace events", Judaeo-Spanish, Ladino: ''Furtuna/La Furtuna'', "Storm") refers to a series of violent attacks against History of the Jews in Turkey, Jewish citizens of Turkey in June and July 1934 in the Thrace region of Turkey. One of the main crucial factors behind the events was the 1934 Turkish Resettlement Law, Resettlement Law passed by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, Turkish Assembly on 14 June 1934. Background Some have argued that the acts were initiated by the articles which were written by Pan-Turkism, Pan-Turkist ideologists like Cevat Rıfat Atilhan and Faik Kurdoğlu in ''Millî İnkılâp'' Rifat Bali, ''1934 Trakya Olayları'', 2008 (National Revolution) magazine and Nihal Atsız in ''Orhun'' magazine. One researcher accepted Atilhan's role, but he argued that Atsız did not participate in such an act, because ''Orhun'' only contained two articles about Jews, and both of them were pub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish Nationalism
Turkish nationalism ( tr, Türk milliyetçiliği) is a political ideology that promotes and glorifies the Turkish people, as either a Turkey#Demographics, national, Turkish people, ethnic, or Turkish language, linguistic group. The term "ultranationalism" is often used to describe Turkish nationalism. History After the Historiography of the fall of the Ottoman Empire, fall of the Ottoman Empire, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk came to power. He introduced a language reform with the aim to "cleanse" the Turkish language of foreign influence. He also promoted the Sun Language Theory in Turkish political and educational circles from 1935. Turkish researchers at the time like Hüseyin Cahit Yalçın and Rıfat Osman Bey also came up with the idea that Early Sumerians were proto-Turks. Variants Ideologies associated with Turkish nationalism include Pan-Turkism or Turanism (a form of ethnic or racial essentialism or national mysticism), Turkish-Islamic synthesis (which combines Turkish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Discrimination In Turkey
In Turkey, racism and ethnic discrimination are present in its society and throughout its history, including institutional racism against non- Muslim and non- Sunni minorities. This appears mainly in the form of negative attitudes and actions by some people towards people who are not considered ethnically Turkic, notably Kurds, Armenians, Arabs, Assyrians, Greeks and Jews. In recent years, racism in Turkey has increased towards rather Middle Eastern nationals such as Syrian refugees, Afghan and Pakistani migrants. Overview Racism and discrimination in Turkey can be traced back to the Ottoman Empire. In the 1860s Some Ottoman Turkish intellectuals such as Ali Suavi stated that: #Turks are superior to other races in political, military and cultural aspects #The Turkish language surpasses the European languages in its richness and excellence #Turks constructed the Islamic civilization. In the 1920s and 1930s racism became an influential aspect in Turkish politics which count ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Varlık Vergisi
The Varlık Vergisi (, "wealth tax" or "capital tax") was a tax mostly levied on non-Muslim citizens in Turkey in 1942, with the stated aim of raising funds for the country's defense in case of an eventual entry into World War II. The underlying reason for the tax was to inflict financial ruin on the minority non-Muslim citizens of the country, end their prominence in the country's economy and transfer the assets of non-Muslims to the Muslim bourgeoisie. It was a discriminatory measure which taxed non-Muslims up to ten times more heavily and resulted in a significant amount of wealth and property being transferred to Muslims. Background The bill for the one-off tax was proposed by the Şükrü Saracoğlu government, and the act was adopted by the Turkish parliament on November 11, 1942. It was imposed on the fixed assets, such as landed estates, building owners, real estate brokers, businesses, and industrial enterprises of all citizens, but especially targeted the minorities. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Racism In Turkey
In Turkey, racism and ethnic discrimination are present in its society and throughout its history, including institutional racism against non- Muslim and non- Sunni minorities. This appears mainly in the form of negative attitudes and actions by some people towards people who are not considered ethnically Turkic, notably Kurds, Armenians, Arabs, Assyrians, Greeks and Jews. In recent years, racism in Turkey has increased towards rather Middle Eastern nationals such as Syrian refugees, Afghan and Pakistani migrants. Overview Racism and discrimination in Turkey can be traced back to the Ottoman Empire. In the 1860s Some Ottoman Turkish intellectuals such as Ali Suavi stated that: #Turks are superior to other races in political, military and cultural aspects #The Turkish language surpasses the European languages in its richness and excellence #Turks constructed the Islamic civilization. In the 1920s and 1930s racism became an influential aspect in Turkish politics which count ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citizen, Speak Turkish!
The Citizen, speak Turkish! ( tr, Vatandaş Türkçe konuş!) campaign was a Turkish government-funded initiative created by law students which aimed to put pressure on non-Turkish speakers to speak Turkish in public in the 1930s and onwards. In some municipalities, fines were given to those speaking in any language other than Turkish. The campaign has been considered by some authors as a significant contribution to Turkey's sociopolitical process of Turkification. Political background During the Ottoman Empire in 1911, the Committee of Union and Progress decided to employ the Turkish language in all the schools of the Empire, with the aim to denationalize all the non-Turkish communities and instil patriotism among Turks. The reformation of the state schooling system and of language by the compulsory use of demotic Turkish aimed for the linguistic homogenization of society. The standardization of the Turkish language aimed to sever the link with the Ottoman language and past in or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deportations Of Kurds
Deportation is the expulsion of a person or group of people from a place or country. The term ''expulsion'' is often used as a synonym for deportation, though expulsion is more often used in the context of international law, while deportation is more used in municipal law, national (municipal) law. Forced displacement or forced migration of an individual or a group may be caused by deportation, for example ethnic cleansing, and other reasons. A person who has been deported or is under sentence of deportation is called a ''deportee''. Definition Definitions of deportation apply equally to nationals and foreigners. Nonetheless, in the common usage the expulsion of foreign nationals is usually called deportation, whereas the expulsion of nationals is called extradition, banishment, exile, or penal transportation. For example, in the United States: "Strictly speaking, transportation, extradition, and deportation, although each has the effect of removing a person from the country, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internal Colonialism
Internal colonialism is the uneven effects of economic development on a regional basis, otherwise known as "uneven development" as a result of the exploitation of minority groups within a wider society which leads to political and economic inequalities between regions within a state. This is held to be similar to the relationship between a metropole and a colony, in colonialism proper. The phenomenon leads to the distinct separation of the dominant core from the periphery in an empire. Robert Blauner is regarded as the developer of the theory of internal colonialism. The term was coined to highlight the "blurred" lines between geographically close locations that are clearly different in terms of culture. Some other factors that separate the core from the periphery are language, religion, physical appearance, types and levels of technology, and sexual behavior. The cultural and integrative nature of internal colonialism is understood as a project of modernity and it has been explored ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republican Peoples Party
Republican can refer to: Political ideology * An advocate of a republic, a type of government that is not a monarchy or dictatorship, and is usually associated with the rule of law. ** Republicanism, the ideology in support of republics or against monarchy; the opposite of monarchism ***Republicanism in Australia ***Republicanism in Barbados ***Republicanism in Canada ***Republicanism in Ireland ***Republicanism in Morocco ***Republicanism in the Netherlands ***Republicanism in New Zealand ***Republicanism in Spain ***Republicanism in Sweden ***Republicanism in the United Kingdom ***Republicanism in the United States **Classical republicanism, republicanism as formulated in the Renaissance *A member of a Republican Party: **Republican Party (other) **Republican Party (United States), one of the two main parties in the U.S. **Fianna Fáil, a conservative political party in Ireland **The Republicans (France), the main centre-right political party in France **Republican Peopl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tunceli Province
Tunceli Province ( tr, Tunceli ili, ku, Parêzgeha Dêrsimê, Zazaki: ), formerly Dersim Province, is located in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. The least densely-populated province in Turkey, it was originally named ''Dersim Province'' (''Dersim vilayeti''), then demoted to a district (''Dersim kazası'') and incorporated into Elazığ Province in 1926. The province is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan and has a Kurdish majority. Moreover, it is the only province in Turkey with an Alevi majority. Geography The adjacent provinces are Erzincan to the north and west, Elazığ to the south, and Bingöl to the east. The province covers an area of and has a population of 76,699. Tunceli is traversed by the northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude. The Munzur Valley National Park is also situated in the province. Tunceli Province is a plateau characterized by its high, thickly forested mountain ranges. The historical region of Dersim, which largely corre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.JPG "Click for more on -> Deportations Of Kurds")
