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Filasterea
Filasterea is a proposed basal Filozoan clade that includes ''Ministeria'' and ''Capsaspora''. It is a sister clade to the Choanozoa in which the Choanoflagellatea and Animals appeared. Originally proposed by Shalchian-Tabrizi et al. in 2008, based on a phylogenomic analysis with dozens of genes. Filasterea was found to be the sister-group to the clade composed of Metazoa and Choanoflagellata within the Opisthokonta, a finding that has been further corroborated with additional, more taxon-rich, phylogenetic analyses. Etymology From Latin ''filum'' meaning "thread" and Greek ''aster'' meaning "star", it indicates the main morphological features shared by all their integrants: small, rounded amoeboids with a mononucleated cellular body, covered in long and radiating cell protrusions known as filopodia. These filopodia may be involved in substrate adhesion and capture of prey. Applications There are currently cultures from two filasterean species: ''Capsaspora owczarzaki'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministeria Vibrans
''Ministeria vibrans'' is a bacterivorous amoeba with filopodia that was originally described to be suspended by a flagellum-like stalk attached to the substrate. Molecular and experimental work later on demonstrated the stalk is indeed a flagellar apparatus. The amoeboid protist ''Ministeria vibrans'' occupies a key position to understand animal origins. It is a member of the Filasterea, that is the sister-group to Choanoflagellatea and Metazoa Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals consume organic material, breathe oxygen, are able to move, can reproduce sexually, and go through an ontogenetic stage in .... Two Ministeria amoebae species have been reported so far, both of them from coastal marine water samples: ''M. vibrans'' and ''M. marisola''. However, there is currently only one culture available, that of ''Ministeria vibrans.'' The life cycle of ''Ministeria'' remains unknown. Microvill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capsasporidae
''Capsaspora'' is a monotypic genus containing the single species ''Capsaspora owczarzaki. C. owczarzaki'' is a single-celled eukaryote that occupies a key phylogenetic position in our understanding of the origin of animal multicellularity, as one of the closest unicellular relatives to animals. It is, together with ''Ministeria vibrans'', a member of the Filasterea clade (see “Taxonomy” below). This amoeboid protist has been pivotal to unravel the nature of the unicellular ancestor of animals, which has been proved to be much more complex than previously thought. Description ''C. owczarzaki'' was originally described as an amoeba-like “symbiont” of the fresh-water snail ''Biomphalaria glabrata''. The amoebae were obtained from the haemolymph of snails originally sampled in Puerto Rico. ''C. owczarzaki''’s life cycle comprises 3 different stages with three different cell types, which was reported only recently. Under culture conditions, ''C. owczarzaki’''s filopodial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capsaspora
''Capsaspora'' is a monotypic genus containing the single species ''Capsaspora owczarzaki. C. owczarzaki'' is a single-celled eukaryote that occupies a key phylogenetic position in our understanding of the origin of animal multicellularity, as one of the closest unicellular relatives to animals. It is, together with ''Ministeria vibrans'', a member of the Filasterea clade (see “Taxonomy” below). This amoeboid protist has been pivotal to unravel the nature of the unicellular ancestor of animals, which has been proved to be much more complex than previously thought. Description ''C. owczarzaki'' was originally described as an amoeba-like “symbiont” of the fresh-water snail ''Biomphalaria glabrata''. The amoebae were obtained from the haemolymph of snails originally sampled in Puerto Rico. ''C. owczarzaki''’s life cycle comprises 3 different stages with three different cell types, which was reported only recently. Under culture conditions, ''C. owczarzaki’''s filopodial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capsaspora Owczarzaki
''Capsaspora'' is a monotypic genus containing the single species ''Capsaspora owczarzaki. C. owczarzaki'' is a single-celled eukaryote that occupies a key phylogenetic position in our understanding of the origin of animal multicellularity, as one of the closest unicellular relatives to animals. It is, together with ''Ministeria vibrans'', a member of the Filasterea clade (see “Taxonomy” below). This amoeboid protist has been pivotal to unravel the nature of the unicellular ancestor of animals, which has been proved to be much more complex than previously thought. Description ''C. owczarzaki'' was originally described as an amoeba-like “symbiont” of the fresh-water snail ''Biomphalaria glabrata''. The amoebae were obtained from the haemolymph of snails originally sampled in Puerto Rico. ''C. owczarzaki''’s life cycle comprises 3 different stages with three different cell types, which was reported only recently. Under culture conditions, ''C. owczarzaki’''s filopodial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministeria Marisola
''Ministeria'' is a genus of Filasterea. The species can be found in the North Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the "Old World" of Africa, Europe an ... and in British waters. References ''Ministeria''at WoRMS Filasterea Eukaryote genera {{Holozoa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministeriidae
''Ministeria'' is a genus of Filasterea. The species can be found in the North Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the "Old World" of Africa, Europe an ... and in British waters. References ''Ministeria''at WoRMS Filasterea Eukaryote genera {{Holozoa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministeria
''Ministeria'' is a genus of Filasterea. The species can be found in the North Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the "Old World" of Africa, Europe an ... and in British waters. References ''Ministeria''at WoRMS Filasterea Eukaryote genera {{Holozoa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Filozoa
The Filozoa are a monophyletic grouping within the Opisthokonta. They include animals and their nearest unicellular relatives (those organisms which are more closely related to animals than to fungi or Mesomycetozoa). Three groups are currently assigned to the clade Filozoa: * Group Filasterea - recently erected to house the genera ''Ministeria'' and ''Capsaspora'' * Group Choanoflagellatea - collared flagellates * Kingdom Animalia - the animals proper Etymology From Latin ''filum'' meaning "thread" and Greek ''zōion'' meaning "animal". Phylogeny A phylogenetic tree of Filozoa and its most closely related clades: Characteristics The ancestral opisthokont cell is assumed to have possessed slender filose (thread-like) projections or 'tentacles'. In some opisthokonts (Mesomycetozoa and ''Corallochytrium'') these were lost. They are retained in Filozoa, where they are simple and non-tapering, with a rigid core of actin bundles (contrasting with the flexible, tapering and br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holozoa
Holozoa is a group of organisms that includes animals and their closest single-celled relatives, but excludes fungi. ''Holozoa'' is also an old name for the tunicate genus ''Distaplia''.'' Because Holozoa is a clade including all organisms more closely related to animals than to fungi, some authors prefer it to recognizing paraphyletic groups that mostly consists of Holozoa minus animals. Perhaps the best-known holozoans, apart from animals, are the choanoflagellates, which strongly resemble the collar cells of sponges, and so were theorized to be related to sponges even in the 19th century. ''Proterospongia'' is an example of a colonial choanoflagellate that may shed light on the origin of sponges. The affinities of the other single-celled holozoans only began to be recognized in the 1990s. The sub-classification Ichthyosporea or Mesomycetozoea contains a number of mostly parasitic species. The amoeboid genera ''Ministeria'' and ''Capsaspora'' may be united in a group call ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cristidiscoidea
Cristidiscoidea or Nucleariae is a proposed basal holomycota clade in which Fonticula and Nucleariida emerged, as sister of the fungi. Since it is close to the divergence between the main lineages of fungi and animals, the study of Cristidiscoidea can provide crucial information on the divergent lifestyles of these groups and the evolution of opisthokonts and slime mold multicellularity. The holomycota tree is following Tedersoo et al. Classification * Class Cristidiscoidea Cavalier-Smith 1998 ** Order Fonticulida Cavalier-Smith 1993 *** Family Fonticulidae Worley, Raper & Hohl 1979 **** Genus ''Fonticula'' Worley, Raper & Hohl 1979 **** Genus '' Parvularia'' López-Escardó 2017 ***** Species '' P. atlantis'' López-Escardó 2017 ** Order Nucleariida Cavalier-Smith 1993 *** Family Nucleariidae Cann & Page 1979 **** Genus ''Nuclearia ''Nuclearia'' is a nucleariid Nucleariida is a group of amoebae with filose pseudopods, known mostly from soils and freshwater. They ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opisthosporidia
Opisthosporidia is a superphylum of intracellular parasites with amoeboid vegetative stage, defined as a common group of eukaryotic groups Microsporidia, Cryptomycota (also known as Rozellida, Rozellomycota, or Rozellosporidia) and Aphelidea. They have been considered to represent a monophyletic lineage with shared ecological and structural features, being a sister clade of the Fungi. Together with the Fungi they represent a sister clade of the Cristidiscoidea, together forming the Holomycota. Several other basal groups of the freshwater, marine and soil-inhabiting Holomycota were identified in recent studies, as the 'basal clone group 1' (BCG1=NCLC1), 'basal clone group 2' (BCG2), 'basal marine group' (NAMAKO-37), 'basal group GS01', the inner relationships of Opisthosporidia were clarified and their monophyly questioned: Cryptomycota and Microsporidia were proposed to join the phylum Rozellomycota, while Aphelidea were considered as a separate, though related phylum and all t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zoosporia
Opisthosporidia is a superphylum of intracellular parasites with amoeboid vegetative stage, defined as a common group of eukaryotic groups Microsporidia, Cryptomycota (also known as Rozellida, Rozellomycota, or Rozellosporidia) and Aphelidea. They have been considered to represent a monophyletic lineage with shared ecological and structural features, being a sister clade of the Fungi. Together with the Fungi they represent a sister clade of the Cristidiscoidea, together forming the Holomycota. Several other basal groups of the freshwater, marine and soil-inhabiting Holomycota were identified in recent studies, as the 'basal clone group 1' (BCG1=NCLC1), 'basal clone group 2' (BCG2), 'basal marine group' (NAMAKO-37), 'basal group GS01', the inner relationships of Opisthosporidia were clarified and their monophyly questioned: Cryptomycota and Microsporidia were proposed to join the phylum Rozellomycota, while Aphelidea were considered as a separate, though related phylum and all t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
