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Zoosporia
Opisthosporidia is a superphylum of intracellular parasites with amoeboid vegetative stage, defined as a common group of eukaryotic groups Microsporidia, Cryptomycota (also known as Rozellida, Rozellomycota, or Rozellosporidia) and Aphelidea. They have been considered to represent a monophyletic lineage with shared ecological and structural features, being a sister clade of the Fungi. Together with the Fungi they represent a sister clade of the Cristidiscoidea, together forming the Holomycota. Several other basal groups of the freshwater, marine and soil-inhabiting Holomycota were identified in recent studies, as the 'basal clone group 1' (BCG1=NCLC1), 'basal clone group 2' (BCG2), 'basal marine group' (NAMAKO-37), 'basal group GS01', the inner relationships of Opisthosporidia were clarified and their monophyly questioned: Cryptomycota and Microsporidia were proposed to join the phylum Rozellomycota, while Aphelidea were considered as a separate, though related phylum and all t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungus
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''true f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungi
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eumycota
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''true f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sporoblast
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Rozellomyceta
Cryptomycota ('hidden fungi'), Rozellida, or Rozellomycota are a clade of micro-organisms that are either fungi or a sister group to fungi. They differ from classical fungi in that they lack chitinous cell walls at any trophic stage in their lifecycle, as reported by Jones and colleagues in 2011. Despite their unconventional feeding habits, chitin has been observed in the inner layer of resting spores, and in immature resting spores for some species of ''Rozella'', as indicated with calcofluor-white stain as well as the presence of a fungal-specific chitin synthase gene. Rozellida were first detected as DNA sequences retrieved from a freshwater laboratory enclosure. Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences formed a unique terminal clade of then unknown affiliation provisionally called after the first clone in the clade: LKM11. The only formally described genus in the clade is ''Rozella'', which was previously considered a chytrid. The existence of related organisms was known f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuclearia Sp Nikko
''Nuclearia'' is a nucleariid Nucleariida is a group of amoebae with filose pseudopods, known mostly from soils and freshwater. They are distinguished from the superficially similar vampyrellids mainly by having mitochondria with discoid cristae, in the absence of superfi ... genus. Species include: * Species ?'' Astrodisculus affinis'' Schouteden 1905 * Species ?'' Astrodisculus araneiformis'' Schewiakoff 1893 * Species ?'' Astrodisculus laciniatus'' Penard 1904 'Chlamydaster lacinatus'' (Penard 1904) Rainer 1968* Species ?'' Astrodisculus marinus'' Kufferath 1952 * Species ?'' Astrodisculus minutus'' Greeff 1869 * Species ?'' Heliophrys variabilis'' * Species ?'' Nuclearina similis'' * Species ?'' N. amphizonellae'' Penard 1917 * Species ?'' N. conspicua'' West 1903 * Species ?'' N. delicatula'' Cienkowsky 1865 * Species ?'' N. lohmanni'' Kufferath 1952 * Species ?'' N. pseudotenelloides'' * Species '' N. flavescens'' (Greef 1869) Patterson 1984 'Astrodisculus flavescen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nucleariid
Nucleariida is a group of amoebae with filose pseudopods, known mostly from soils and freshwater. They are distinguished from the superficially similar vampyrellids mainly by having mitochondria with discoid cristae, in the absence of superficial granules, and in the way they consume food. Classification Molecular studies indicate that nucleariids are closely related to fungi. and more distantly to the lineage that gave rise to choanoflagellates and metazoa opisthokonts, the group which includes animals, fungi. Some use a broad definition of Opisthokonta to include all of these organisms with flattened mitochondrial cristae. The genera ''Rabdiophrys'', ''Pinaciophora'', and ''Pompholyxophrys'', freshwater forms with hollow siliceous scales or spines, were included in Nucleariida by some. This was disputed by Smith and Chao who placed them in the Rhizaria. Their affinity with the nucleariids has been confirmed. Historically, nucleariids were included among the heliozoa as the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fonticulida
''Fonticula'' is a genus of cellular slime mold which forms a fruiting body in a volcano shape. As long ago as 1979 it has been known to not have a close relationship with either the Dictyosteliida or the Acrasidae, the two well-established groups of cellular slime molds. In 1979, ''Fonticula'' was made a new genus of its own due to the unique characteristics of its fruiting body, with only one species: ''Fonticula alba''. The life cycle of ''Fonticula alba'' alternates between an amoeboid vegetative stage and aggregative fruiting stage. The fruiting body of the genus has a unique shape, as its sorocarp resembles a volcano and sorus looks like a ball of hot lava emerging from that volcano. Molecular phylogenies have found alignments in genes of ''Fonticula alba'' to subgroups in Opisthokonta. A 2009 study has found that ''Fonticula'' is the sister taxa to ''Nuclearia'', thus making it related to the kingdom Fungi. ''Fonticula'', ''Nuclearia'', and Fungi have been united into th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protist
A protist () is any eukaryotic organism (that is, an organism whose cells contain a cell nucleus) that is not an animal, plant, or fungus. While it is likely that protists share a common ancestor (the last eukaryotic common ancestor), the exclusion of other eukaryotes means that protists do not form a natural group, or clade. Therefore, some protists may be more closely related to animals, plants, or fungi than they are to other protists. However, like the groups ''algae'', ''invertebrates'', and '' protozoans'', the biological category ''protist'' is used for convenience. Others classify any unicellular eukaryotic microorganism as a protist. The study of protists is termed protistology. History The classification of a third kingdom separate from animals and plants was first proposed by John Hogg in 1860 as the kingdom Protoctista; in 1866 Ernst Haeckel also proposed a third kingdom Protista as "the kingdom of primitive forms". Originally these also included prokaryotes, b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monotypic
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispecific" or "monospecific" is sometimes preferred. In botanical nomenclature, a monotypic genus is a genus in the special case where a genus and a single species are simultaneously described. In contrast, an oligotypic taxon contains more than one but only a very few subordinate taxa. Examples Just as the term ''monotypic'' is used to describe a taxon including only one subdivision, the contained taxon can also be referred to as monotypic within the higher-level taxon, e.g. a genus monotypic within a family. Some examples of monotypic groups are: Plants * In the order Amborellales, there is only one family, Amborellaceae and there is only one genus, '' Amborella'', and in this genus there is only one species, namely ''Amborella trichopoda. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aphelidiomycota
Aphelida is a phylum of Fungi that appears to be the sister to true fungi. Taxonomy * Phylum Aphelidiomycota Tedersoo 2018 phelida Karpov, Aleoshin & Mikhailov 2014ref> ** Class Aphelidiomycetes Tedersoo 2018 phelidea Gromov 2000*** Order Aphelidiales Tedersoo et al. 2018 nowiki/>Aphelidida Gromov 2000 non Cavalier-Smith 2012">Aphelidida.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Aphelidida">nowiki/>Aphelidida Gromov 2000 non Cavalier-Smith 2012**** Family Aphelididae Gromov 2000 [Amoeboaphelidiidae Cavalier-Smith 2012] ***** Genus ''Amoeboaphelidium'' Scherffel 1925 emend. Karpov 2014 *****Genus ''Paraphelidium'' Karpov, Moreira & Lopez-Garcia 2017 *****Genus '' Pseudaphelidium'' Schweikert & Schnepf 1996 ***** Genus ''Aphelidium ''Aphelidium'' species are endoparasites of freshwater green algae. ''Aphelidium'' belongs to the phylum Aphelida, and is part of the Opisthosporidia, a sister clade to Fungi.Karpov, S. A., Mamkaeva, M. A., Aleoshin, V. V., Nassonova, E., Lilje ...'' Zopf 1885 emend. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
