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Fiery Cross (clipper)
''Fiery Cross'' was a famous British tea clipper which sailed in the Great Tea Race of 1866. She was the first ship home in the tea seasons of 1861, 1862, 1863, and 1865. She was the second tea clipper of this name; the first ''Fiery Cross'', built in 1855, had the same owner and designer and was also built in Liverpool. This earlier ship was lost on the then-uncharted Fiery Cross Reef in the China Sea on 4 March 1860 (the crew reached land safely in her boats). The new ship was already being built and so took on the name of her predecessor. Tea trade From 1860 to 1875, the ship sailed in the tea trade between London and Chinese ports like Hong Kong, Fuzhou, Canton, and Shanghai. Great Tea Race of 1866 Laden with close to a million pounds of tea, ''Fiery Cross'' raced nine other ships from China to England in The Great Tea Race of 1866. ''Fiery Cross'' arrived fourth, in "the closest run ever recorded". The first five ships, ''Taiping'', ''Ariel'', ''Serica'', ''Fiery C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barque
A barque, barc, or bark is a type of sailing ship, sailing vessel with three or more mast (sailing), masts having the fore- and mainmasts Square rig, rigged square and only the mizzen (the aftmost mast) Fore-and-aft rig, rigged fore and aft. Sometimes, the mizzen is only partly fore-and-aft rigged, bearing a square-rigged sail above. Etymology The word "barque" entered English via the French term, which in turn came from the Latin language, Latin ''barca'' by way of Occitan language, Occitan, Catalan language, Catalan, Spanish, or Italian. The Latin ''barca'' may stem from Celtic language, Celtic ''barc'' (per Rudolf Thurneysen, Thurneysen) or Greek ''baris'' (per Friedrich Christian Diez, Diez), a term for an Egyptian boat. The ''Oxford English Dictionary'', however, considers the latter improbable. The word ''barc'' appears to have come from Celtic languages. The form adopted by English, perhaps from Irish language, Irish, was "bark", while that adopted by Latin as ''barca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain, which lies in the North Atlantic, and includes over 100 smaller islands, such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight. The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Paleolithic period, but takes its name from the Angles, a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula, who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in the 10th century and has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century. The English language, the Anglican Church, and Engli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victorian-era Merchant Ships Of The United Kingdom
In the history of the United Kingdom and the British Empire, the Victorian era was the period of Queen Victoria's reign, from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901. The era followed the Georgian period and preceded the Edwardian period, and its later half overlaps with the first part of the ''Belle Époque'' era of Continental Europe. There was a strong religious drive for higher moral standards led by the nonconformist churches, such as the Methodists and the evangelical wing of the established Church of England. Ideologically, the Victorian era witnessed resistance to the rationalism that defined the Georgian period, and an increasing turn towards romanticism and even mysticism in religion, social values, and arts. This era saw a staggering amount of technological innovations that proved key to Britain's power and prosperity. Doctors started moving away from tradition and mysticism towards a science-based approach; medicine advanced thanks to the adoption ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ships Built On The River Clyde
A ship is a large watercraft that travels the world's oceans and other sufficiently deep Sea lane, waterways, carrying cargo or passengers, or in support of specialized missions, such as defense, research, and fishing. Ships are generally distinguished from boats, based on size, shape, load capacity, and purpose. Ships have supported exploration, trade, Naval warfare, warfare, Human migration, migration, colonization, and science. After the 15th century, Columbian Exchange, new crops that had come from and to the Americas via the European seafarers significantly contributed to world population growth. Ship transport is responsible for the largest portion of world commerce. The word ''ship'' has meant, depending on the era and the context, either just a large vessel or specifically a Full-rigged ship, ship-rigged sailing ship with three or more masts, each of which is Square rig, square-rigged. As of 2016, there were more than 49,000 merchant ships, totaling almost 1.8 billion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Individual Sailing Vessels
An individual is that which exists as a distinct entity. Individuality (or self-hood) is the state or quality of being an individual; particularly (in the case of humans) of being a person unique from other people and possessing one's own needs or goals, rights and responsibilities. The concept of an individual features in diverse fields, including biology, law, and philosophy. Etymology From the 15th century and earlier (and also today within the fields of statistics and metaphysics) ''individual'' meant " indivisible", typically describing any numerically singular thing, but sometimes meaning "a person". From the 17th century on, ''individual'' has indicated separateness, as in individualism. Law Although individuality and individualism are commonly considered to mature with age/time and experience/wealth, a sane adult human being is usually considered by the state as an "individual person" in law, even if the person denies individual culpability ("I followed instru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tea Clippers
Tea is an aromatic beverage prepared by pouring hot or boiling water over cured or fresh leaves of '' Camellia sinensis'', an evergreen shrub native to East Asia which probably originated in the borderlands of southwestern China and northern Myanmar. Tea is also rarely made from the leaves of ''Camellia taliensis''. After plain water, tea is the most widely consumed drink in the world. There are many different types of tea; some have a cooling, slightly bitter, and astringent flavour, while others have vastly different profiles that include sweet, nutty, floral, or grassy notes. Tea has a stimulating effect in humans primarily due to its caffeine content. An early credible record of tea drinking dates to the third century AD, in a medical text written by Chinese physician Hua Tuo. It was popularised as a recreational drink during the Chinese Tang dynasty, and tea drinking subsequently spread to other East Asian countries. Portuguese priests and merchants introduced it to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Topsail
A topsail ("tops'l") is a sail set above another sail; on square-rigged vessels further sails may be set above topsails. Square rig On a square rigged vessel, a topsail is a typically trapezoidal shaped sail rigged above the course sail and below the topgallant sail where carried ,on any mast (i.e., a fully rigged ship would have a foremast topsail, a mainmast topsail, and a mizzen topsail). A full rigged ship will have either single or double (i.e, "split" upper and lower) topsails on all masts, the single or lower topsail being the second sail above the deck and the upper topsail where so rigged being the third. Although described as a "square" sail, a topsail on a full rigged ship refers not to the sail's shape but to it and its yard being rigged square (i.e., at a right angle) to the vessel's keel rather than in line with it (in which case it would be called a fore-and-aft rig or a fore-and-aft rigged sail) ; a square rigged topsail is nearly always trapezoidal in shape ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beaufort Scale
The Beaufort scale is an empirical measure that relates wind speed to observed conditions at sea or on land. Its full name is the Beaufort wind force scale. History The scale was devised in 1805 by the Irish hydrographer Francis Beaufort (later Rear Admiral), a Royal Navy officer, while serving on . The scale that carries Beaufort's name had a long and complex evolution from the previous work of others (including Daniel Defoe the century before) to when Beaufort was Hydrographer of the Navy in the 1830s, when it was adopted officially and first used during the voyage of HMS ''Beagle'' under Captain Robert FitzRoy, who was later to set up the first Meteorological Office (Met Office) in Britain giving regular weather forecasts. In the 18th century, naval officers made regular weather observations, but there was no standard scale and so they could be very subjective – one man's "stiff breeze" might be another's "soft breeze". Beaufort succeeded in standardising the sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lahloo (clipper)
''Lahloo'' was a British tea clipper known for winning the Tea Race of 1870, and finishing second in the Tea Race of 1871. She sailed from Fuzhou to London with over a million pounds (500 tons) of tea in 1868. Construction ''Lahloo'' was of the same class and sharpness as ''Ariel'', "with more deadrise and tumblehome and a slightly fuller run".She was designed by William Steele, had a composite hull, and carried Cunningham's roller-reefing topsails. Voyages * Fuzhou to London **101 days, 1868 **101 days, 1869 (via the "Eastern Passage" out of the China Sea) **111 days, 1871 *London to Shanghai **98 days (95 days pilot to pilot), 1869 Won the Tea Race of 1870 "The race of 1870 from Foo-chow to London was won by the Lahloo in 97 days, the other vessels being: the ''Windhover'', 100 days; ''Sir Launcelot'', 102 days; Leander, 103 days; ''Thermopylae'', 106 days." Finished second in the Tea Race of 1871 "In 1871 the ''Titania'' won in 93 days; the ''Lahloo'', 111 days, fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taitsing
''Taitsing'' was a famous British tea clipper. Tea Clipper Taitsing ''Taitsing'' was a full-rigged, composite-built clipper ship, measuring in length, with a beam of and a draught of . She was built in 1865 by Charles Connell & Co, Glasgow, Scotland, for Findlay & Longmuir, Greenock, Scotland. The ship sailed from London to Chinese ports like Amoy, Hong Kong, Wusong, Fuzhou, and Shanghai. She also travelled from Fuzhou to New York in 1874. In 1876 the ship was sold to James Findlay of Greenock. She was sold to John Willis & Son obert D. Willisof London in 1879. The Great Tea Race of 1866 Laden with just over a million pounds (453,600 kg) of tea, ''Taitsing'', under the command of Captain Nutsford, raced nine other ships from China to England in The Great Tea Race of 1866. The first five ships – ''Taiping'', ''Ariel'', ''Serica'', ''Fiery Cross'', and ''Taitsing'' – finished the 14,000- nautical-mile (25,930-km) race within three days of each other. ''T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serica (clipper)
The ''Serica'' was a clipper built in 1863 by Robert Steele & Co., at Greenock on the south bank of the Clyde, Scotland, for James Findlay. She was the last-but-one wooden clipper built by Steele before the yard went over to building composite clippers. Winner of 1864 Tea Race ''Serica'' is Latin for " China"—the ship was built expressly for the China tea trade. ''Serica'' participated in the annual "tea races" to bring the new season's crop to London; she won in 1864. In 1865 she was the leading ship off Beachy Head, but failed to get a tug to take her on to London, so was beaten by 12 hours by ''Fiery Cross''. In The Great Tea Race of 1866, she came in third, by a matter of hours. Sailing performance According to Basil Lubbock, the tea clippers ''Serica'', '' Fiery Cross'', ''Lahloo'' and '' Taeping'' performed at their best in light breezes, as they were all rigged with single topsails. Loss of the ship On her final voyage under Capt. George Innes, she left Hong Ko ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ariel (clipper)
''Ariel'' was a clipper ship famous for making fast voyages between China and England in the late 1860s. She is most famous for almost winning The Great Tea Race of 1866, an unofficial race between Fuzhou, China and London with the first tea crop of the 1866 season. Description ''Ariel'' was a full-rigged ship of 853 tons net register, measuring x 33.9 feet x . She was built in 1865 by Robert Steele & Company, Greenock for Shaw, Lowther & Maxton of London. Like the majority of tea clippers launched after 1864, she was composite built, of timber planking over iron frames. Great Tea Race of 1866 A premium was paid for the first consignment of tea to reach London in each season. The clipper ''Fiery Cross'' left Fuzhou on 29 May and ''Ariel'', '' Taeping'' and ''Serica'' on the 30th. On 6 September '' Taeping'' docked twenty minutes ahead of ''Ariel'', and about two hours ahead of ''Serica''. ''Fiery Cross'' and ''Taitsing'' arrived two days later. After 99 days and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
