|
Entoloma Rhodopolium
''Entoloma rhodopolium'', commonly known as the wood pinkgill, is a poisonous mushroom found in Europe and Asia. In fact, it is one of the three most commonly implicated fungi in cases of mushroom poisoning in Japan (Other two are ''Omphalotus japonicus'' and '' Tricholoma ustale''). ''E. rhodopolium'' is often mistaken for edible mushroom, '' E. sarcopum''. Symptoms are predominantly gastrointestinal in nature, though muscarine, muscaridine, and choline Choline is an essential nutrient for humans and many other animals. Choline occurs as a cation that forms various salts (X− in the depicted formula is an undefined counteranion). Humans are capable of some ''de novo synthesis'' of choline but re ... have been isolated as toxic agents. The taxonomy of this species is currently unclear, with several different forms identified in North America, and questions over whether the European and North American fungi are even the same species. ''Entoloma'' is a genus of pink spored fung ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elias Magnus Fries
Elias Magnus Fries (15 August 1794 – 8 February 1878) was a Swedish mycologist and botanist. Career Fries was born at Femsjö (Hylte Municipality), Småland, the son of the pastor there. He attended school in Växjö. He acquired an extensive knowledge of flowering plants from his father. In 1811 Fries entered Lund University where he obtained a doctorate in 1814. In the same year he was appointed an associate professorship in botany. He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and in 1824, became a full professor. In 1834 he became Borgström professor (Swed. ''Borgströmianska professuren'', a chair endowed by Erik Eriksson Borgström, 1708–1770) in applied economics at Uppsala University. The position was changed to "professor of botany and applied economics" in 1851. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1849. That year he was also appointed director of the Uppsala University Botanica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. Comprising the westernmost peninsulas of Eurasia, it shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with both Africa and Asia. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south and Asia to the east. Europe is commonly considered to be Boundaries between the continents of Earth#Asia and Europe, separated from Asia by the drainage divide, watershed of the Ural Mountains, the Ural (river), Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Greater Caucasus, the Black Sea and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. "Europe" (pp. 68–69); "Asia" (pp. 90–91): "A commonly accepted division between Asia and E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asia
Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area of , about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8.7% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Its 4.7 billion people constitute roughly 60% of the world's population. In general terms, Asia is bounded on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Indian Ocean, and on the north by the Arctic Ocean. The border of Asia with Europe is a historical and cultural construct, as there is no clear physical and geographical separation between them. It is somewhat arbitrary and has moved since its first conception in classical antiquity. The division of Eurasia into two continents reflects East–West cultural, linguistic, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north toward the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, and Taiwan in the south. Japan is a part of the Ring of Fire, and spans Japanese archipelago, an archipelago of List of islands of Japan, 6852 islands covering ; the five main islands are Hokkaido, Honshu (the "mainland"), Shikoku, Kyushu, and Okinawa Island, Okinawa. Tokyo is the Capital of Japan, nation's capital and largest city, followed by Yokohama, Osaka, Nagoya, Sapporo, Fukuoka, Kobe, and Kyoto. Japan is the List of countries and dependencies by population, eleventh most populous country in the world, as well as one of the List of countries and dependencies by population density, most densely populated and Urbanization by country, urbanized. About three-fourths of Geography of Japan, the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Omphalotus Japonicus
''Omphalotus japonicus'', commonly known as the tsukiyotake , is an orange to brown-colored gilled mushroom native to Japan and Eastern Asia. It is a member of the cosmopolitan genus ''Omphalotus'', the members of which have bioluminescent fruit bodies which glow in darkness. A 2004 molecular study shows it to be most closely related to a clade composed of ''Omphalotus nidiformis'' of Australia, ''Omphalotus olivascens'' of Western North America and ''Omphalotus olearius'' of Europe. ''Omphalotus japonicus'' is poisonous, its consumption results in acute nausea and vomiting for several hours. It is often confused with edible fungi and mistakenly consumed in Japan. Taxonomy Inoko first described this fungus as ''Pleurotus noctilucens'' in 1889, however the name proved invalid as the binomial had already been used for another species. Given the name ''Pleurotus japonicus'' by Seiichi Kawamura in 1915, it was given the name ''Lampteromyces japonicus'' by Rolf Singer in 1947, until ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tricholoma Ustale
''Tricholoma ustale'', commonly known as the burnt knight, is a species of mushroom in the large genus ''Tricholoma''. It is found in Asia, Europe, and North America, though those from North America may represent one or more different species. Taxonomy Elias Magnus Fries described the fungus in 1818 as ''Agaricus ustalis''. Paul Kummer gave it its current name in 1871 upon transferring it to the genus ''Tricholoma''. Lucien Quélet's ''Gyrodon ustale'', published in 1886, is a synonym. Marcel Bon described the variety ''rufoaurantiacum'' from France in 1984. Within the genus ''Tricholoma'', ''T. ustale'' is classified in the section ''Albobrunnea'' of the subgenus ''Tricholoma''. The species name is from the Latin ''ustalis'' "burnt" and relates to the colour of the mushroom. It is commonly known as the "burnt knight". In Japan, the mushroom is known as ''Kakishimeji'' ( Kaki-shimeji). Description The mushroom has a bell-shape to conical or convex cap that measures in di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entoloma Sarcopum
''Entoloma'' is a large genus of terrestrial pink-gilled mushrooms, with about 1,000 species. Most have a drab appearance, pink gills which are attached to the stem, a smooth thick cap, and angular spores. Many entolomas are saprobic but some are mycorrhizal. The best-known member of the genus is the livid agaric (''Entoloma sinuatum''), responsible for a number of poisonings over the years in Europe and North America, and ''Entoloma rhodopolium'' in Japan. Some southern hemisphere species such as ''Entoloma rodwayi'' and ''Entoloma viridomarginatum'' from Australia, and ''Entoloma hochstetteri'' from New Zealand, are very colourful, with caps of unusual shades of green and blue-green. Most entolomas are dull shades of olive, brown, or grey. Etymology The part '' ἐντός'' means "within, inside". The part "loma" is a noun-forming element derived from Greek '' λῶμ(α)'', "fringe, hem" and used in the botanical taxonomy for naming plants distinguished by having a fring ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muscarine
Muscarine, L-(+)-muscarine, or muscarin is a natural product found in certain mushrooms, particularly in ''Inocybe'' and ''Clitocybe'' species, such as the deadly '' C. dealbata''. Mushrooms in the genera ''Entoloma'' and ''Mycena'' have also been found to contain levels of muscarine which can be dangerous if ingested. Muscarine has been found in harmless trace amounts in ''Boletus'', ''Hygrocybe'', ''Lactarius'' and ''Russula''. Trace concentrations of muscarine are also found in ''Amanita muscaria'', though the pharmacologically more relevant compound from this mushroom is the Z-drug-like alkaloid muscimol. ''A. muscaria'' fruitbodies contain a variable dose of muscarine, usually around 0.0003% fresh weight. This is very low and toxicity symptoms occur very rarely. ''Inocybe'' and ''Clitocybe'' contain muscarine concentrations up to 1.6%. Muscarine is a nonselective agonist of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. History The name ''muscarine'' derives from that o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Choline
Choline is an essential nutrient for humans and many other animals. Choline occurs as a cation that forms various salts (X− in the depicted formula is an undefined counteranion). Humans are capable of some ''de novo synthesis'' of choline but require additional choline in the diet to maintain health. Dietary requirements can be met by choline per se or in the form of choline phospholipids, such as phosphatidylcholine. Choline is not formally classified as a vitamin despite being an essential nutrient with an amino acid–like structure and metabolism. In most animals, choline phospholipids are necessary components in cell membranes, in the membranes of cell organelles, and in very low-density lipoproteins. Choline is required to produce acetylcholine – a neurotransmitter – and ''S''-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a universal methyl donor. Upon methylation SAM is transformed into homocysteine. Symptomatic choline deficiency causes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and muscle dama ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Entoloma Species
__NOTOC__ #A, A #B, B #C, C #D, D #E, E #F, F #G, G #H, H #I, I #J, J #K, K #L, L #M, M #N, N #O, O #P, P #Q, Q #R, R #S, S #T, T #U, U #V, V #U, U #W, W #X, X #Y, Y #Z, Z This is an incomplete list of species in the genus ''Entoloma''. According to a standard reference book, the genus contains about 1000 species. Many species formerly classification (biology), classified in the genera ''Rhodocybe'', ''Clitopilus'', ''Richoniella'', and ''Rhodogaster'' were formally transferred to ''Entoloma'' as a result of molecular phylogenetics, molecular analysis published in 2009. A *''Entoloma abbreviatipes'' (Largent) Noordel. & Co-David *''Entoloma aberrans'' E.Horak *''Entoloma abnorme'' (Peck) Noordel. * ''Entoloma abortivum'' (Berkeley & M.A.Curtis) Donk *''Entoloma accline'' (Britzelm.) Sacc. *''Entoloma accola'' (Britzelm.) Sacc. *''Entoloma aciculocystis'' (Romagn. & Gilles) Noordel. & Co-David *''Entoloma acidophilum'' Arnolds & Noordel. *''Entoloma acuferum'' (Romagn. & ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poisonous Fungi
This is a compendium of poisonous fungi. See also mushroom poisoning. List of toxic mushroom species ''There are poisonous fungus species listed below.'' List of suspicious mushroom species See also *List of deadly fungi *List of poisonous animals *List of poisonous plants *Mushroom poisoning * Mycotoxicology *Mycotoxin A mycotoxin (from the Greek μύκης , "fungus" and τοξίνη , "toxin") is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by organisms of kingdom Fungi and is capable of causing disease and death in both humans and other animals. The term 'mycotoxin' ... References External links *{{commons category-inline poisonous fungi, List of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.svg "Click for more on -> Europe")
