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Ernesto Miranda
Ernesto Arturo Miranda (March 9, 1941 – January 31, 1976) was an American criminal and laborer whose conviction on kidnapping, rape, and armed robbery charges based on his confession under police interrogation was set aside in the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case ''Miranda v. Arizona'', which ruled that criminal suspects must be informed of their right against self-incrimination and their right to consult with an attorney before being questioned by police. This warning is known as a ''Miranda'' warning. After the Supreme Court decision invalidated Miranda's initial conviction, the state of Arizona tried him again. At the second trial, with his confession excluded from evidence, he was convicted. He was sentenced to 20–30 years in prison. Biography Early life Ernesto Arturo Miranda was born in Mesa, Arizona on March 9, 1941. Miranda began getting in trouble when he was in grade school. Shortly after his mother died his father remarried. Miranda and his father didn't get alo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mesa, Arizona
Mesa ( ) is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, Maricopa County, in the U.S. state of Arizona. It is the most populous city in the East Valley (Phoenix metropolitan area), East Valley section of the Phoenix Metropolitan Area. It is bordered by Tempe, Arizona, Tempe on the west, the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community on the north, Chandler, Arizona, Chandler and Gilbert, Arizona, Gilbert on the south along with Queen Creek, Arizona, Queen Creek, and Apache Junction on the east. Mesa is the third-largest city in Arizona after Phoenix, Arizona, Phoenix and Tucson, Arizona, Tucson, the List of United States cities by population, 37th-largest city in the US, and the largest city that is not a county seat. The city is home to 504,258 people as of 2020 according to the Census Bureau, which makes it more populous than Minneapolis, St. Louis, and Miami. Mesa has been described as "America's most Conservatism in the United States, conservative city". More than 40,000 students are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pauper
Pauperism (Lat. ''pauper'', poor) is poverty or generally the state of being poor, or particularly the condition of being a "pauper", i.e. receiving relief administered under the English Poor Laws. From this, pauperism can also be more generally the state of being supported at public expense, within or outside of almshouses, and still more generally, of dependence for any considerable period on charitable assistance, public or private. In this sense pauperism is to be distinguished from poverty. Under the English Poor Laws, a person to be relieved must be a destitute person, and the moment he had been relieved he became a pauper, and as such incurred certain civil disabilities. Statistics dealing with the state of pauperism in this sense convey not the amount of destitution actually prevalent, but the particulars of people in receipt of poor law relief. The 1830s brought to Europe great economic hardships. The late 19th century saw a tremendous rise in the populations of all t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Right To Silence
The right to silence is a legal principle which guarantees any individual the right to refuse to answer questions from law enforcement officers or court officials. It is a legal right recognized, explicitly or by convention, in many of the world's legal systems. The right covers a number of issues centered on the right of the accused or the defendant to refuse to comment or provide an answer when questioned, either prior to or during legal proceedings in a court of law. This can be the right to avoid self-incrimination or the right to remain silent when questioned. The right may include the provision that adverse inferences cannot be made by the judge or jury regarding the refusal by a defendant to answer questions before or during a trial, hearing or any other legal proceeding. This right constitutes only a small part of the defendant's rights as a whole. The origin of the right to silence is attributed to Sir Edward Coke's challenge to the ecclesiastical courts and their ''ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Earl Warren
Earl Warren (March 19, 1891 – July 9, 1974) was an American attorney, politician, and jurist who served as the 14th Chief Justice of the United States from 1953 to 1969. The Warren Court presided over a major shift in American constitutional jurisprudence, which has been recognized by many as a " Constitutional Revolution" in the liberal direction, with Warren writing the majority opinions in landmark cases such as ''Brown v. Board of Education'' (1954), ''Reynolds v. Sims'' (1964), ''Miranda v. Arizona'' (1966) and '' Loving v. Virginia'' (1967). Warren also led the Warren Commission, a presidential commission that investigated the 1963 assassination of President John F. Kennedy. He also served as Governor of California from 1943 to 1953, and is the last chief justice to have served in an elected office before nomination to the Supreme Court. Warren is generally considered to be one of the most influential Supreme Court justices and political leaders in the history of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NAACP
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is a civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909 as an interracial endeavor to advance justice for African Americans by a group including W. E. B. Du Bois, Mary White Ovington, Moorfield Storey and Ida B. Wells. Leaders of the organization included Thurgood Marshall and Roy Wilkins. Its mission in the 21st century is "to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate race-based discrimination". National NAACP initiatives include political lobbying, publicity efforts and litigation strategies developed by its legal team. The group enlarged its mission in the late 20th century by considering issues such as police misconduct, the status of black foreign refugees and questions of economic development. Its name, retained in accordance with tradition, uses the once common term ''colored people,'' referring to those with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall (July 2, 1908 – January 24, 1993) was an American civil rights lawyer and jurist who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1967 until 1991. He was the Supreme Court's first African-American justice. Prior to his judicial service, he was an attorney who fought for civil rights, leading the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund. Marshall coordinated the assault on racial segregation in schools. He won 29 of the 32 civil rights cases he argued before the Supreme Court, culminating in the Court's landmark 1954 decision in ''Brown v. Board of Education'', which rejected the separate but equal doctrine and held segregation in public education to be unconstitutional. President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed Marshall to the Supreme Court in 1967. A staunch liberal, he frequently dissented as the Court became increasingly conservative. Born in Baltimore, Maryland, Marshall attended Lincoln University and the Howard Universi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fifth Amendment To The United States Constitution
The Fifth Amendment (Amendment V) to the United States Constitution addresses criminal procedure and other aspects of the Constitution. It was ratified, along with nine other articles, in 1791 as part of the Bill of Rights. The Fifth Amendment applies to every level of the government, including the federal, state, and local levels, in regard to a US citizen or resident of the US. The Supreme Court furthered the protections of this amendment through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. One provision of the Fifth Amendment requires that felonies be tried only upon indictment by a grand jury. Another provision, the Double Jeopardy Clause, provides the right of defendants to be tried only once in federal court for the same offense. The self-incrimination clause provides various protections against self-incrimination, including the right of an individual not to serve as a witness in a criminal case in which they are the defendant. "Pleading the Fifth" is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fourteenth Amendment To The United States Constitution
The Fourteenth Amendment (Amendment XIV) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments. Often considered as one of the most consequential amendments, it addresses citizenship rights and equal protection under the law and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War. The amendment was bitterly contested, particularly by the states of the defeated Confederacy, which were forced to ratify it in order to regain representation in Congress. The amendment, particularly its first section, is one of the most litigated parts of the Constitution, forming the basis for landmark Supreme Court decisions such as ''Brown v. Board of Education'' (1954) regarding racial segregation, ''Roe v. Wade'' (1973) regarding abortion ( overturned in 2022), ''Bush v. Gore'' (2000) regarding the 2000 presidential election, and ''Obergefell v. Hodges'' (2015) regarding same-sex marriage. The amendment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sixth Amendment To The United States Constitution
The Sixth Amendment (Amendment VI) to the United States Constitution sets forth rights related to criminal prosecutions. It was ratified in 1791 as part of the United States Bill of Rights. The Supreme Court has applied the protections of this amendment to the states through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Sixth Amendment grants criminal defendants the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury consisting of jurors from the state and district in which the crime was alleged to have been committed. Under the impartial jury requirement, jurors must be unbiased, and the jury must consist of a representative cross-section of the community. The right to a jury applies only to offenses in which the penalty is imprisonment for longer than six months. In ''Barker v. Wingo'', the Supreme Court articulated a balancing test to determine whether a defendant's right to a speedy trial had been violated. It has additionally held that the requirement of a pu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Escobedo V
Escobedo may refer to: Places * , Cantabria, Spain * General Escobedo, Nuevo León, Mexico * Escobedo, Coahuila, Mexico * Empalme Escobedo, Guanajuato, Mexico * Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico * San Juanito de Escobedo (municipality), Jalisco, Mexico * Tanquián de Escobedo, San Luis Potosí, Mexico * Tultitlán de Mariano Escobedo, México State, Mexico * Mariano Escobedo, Veracruz, Mexico * Monte Escobedo, Zacatecas, Mexico People with the surname * Anna Escobedo Cabral (born 1959), the 42nd Treasurer of the United States * Bartolomé de Escobedo (c. 1500 - 1563), Spanish composer * Carlos Escobedo, the founder of Spanish alternative rock band Savia * Cleto Escobedo III, the founder of Cleto and the Cletones, the house band on ''Jimmy Kimmel Live!'' * Eduardo Escobedo (born 1984), Mexican professional boxer and WBC Silver Super Featherweight Champion * Ernesto Escobedo (born 1996), American tennis player * Helen Escobedo (c. 1934 - 2010), Mexican sculptor and installati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lewis & Roca
Lewis Roca Rothgerber Christie is a U.S. law firm with approximately 300 attorneys across ten offices in Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, and New Mexico. Its administrative offices are located in Phoenix, where it was founded in 1950 as Lewis & Roca. In 2015, ''The American Lawyer'' magazine ranked the firm number 179 in its annual Top 200 U.S. law firms list. It is one of the top five law firms in Arizona The firm has handled pro bono cases including Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966), in which partners John P. Frank, John Flynn and others represented Ernesto Miranda in the landmark US Supreme Court case, giving rise to "Miranda Rights." Practice areas The firm represents clients across a range of practice areas, managed through primary practice groups for litigation, intellectual property, business transactions, gaming law, and regulatory and government relations. The firm’s largest practice group, litigation, includes lawyers in areas including religious institut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lewis Roca Rothgerber Christie
Lewis Roca Rothgerber Christie is a U.S. law firm with approximately 300 attorneys across ten offices in Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, and New Mexico. Its administrative offices are located in Phoenix, where it was founded in 1950 as Lewis & Roca. In 2015, ''The American Lawyer'' magazine ranked the firm number 179 in its annual Top 200 U.S. law firms list. It is one of the top five law firms in Arizona The firm has handled pro bono cases including Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966), in which partners John P. Frank, John Flynn and others represented Ernesto Miranda in the landmark US Supreme Court case, giving rise to "Miranda Rights." Practice areas The firm represents clients across a range of practice areas, managed through primary practice groups for litigation, intellectual property, business transactions, gaming law, and regulatory and government relations. The firm’s largest practice group, litigation, includes lawyers in areas including religious institut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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