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Elongase
Elongase is a generic term for an enzyme that catalyzes carbon chain extension of an organic molecule, especially a fatty acid In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an unbranched chain of an even number of carbon atoms, fr .... Elongases play a variety of roles in mammalian organisms, accounting for changes in tissue function, lipid regulation, and the overall physiology of an organism. List of Elongases * Very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-(acyl-carrier protein) dehydratase * Icosanoyl-CoA synthase References Enzymes {{Enzyme-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Icosanoyl-CoA Synthase
In enzymology, an icosanoyl-CoA synthase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :stearoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA + 2 NAD(P)H + 2 H+ \rightleftharpoons icosanoyl-CoA + CO2 + CoA + 2 NAD(P)+ + H2O The 5 substrates of this enzyme are stearoyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA, NADH, NADPH, and H+, whereas its 6 products are icosanoyl-CoA, CO2, CoA, NAD+, NADP+, and H2O. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. The systematic name A systematic name is a name given in a systematic way to one unique group, organism, object or chemical substance, out of a specific population or collection. Systematic names are usually part of a nomenclature. A semisystematic name or semitrivial ... of this enzyme class is stearoyl-CoA:malonyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (decarboxylating, oxoacyl- and enoyl-reducing). Other names in common use include acyl-CoA elongase, C18-CoA elongase, and stearoyl-CoA elongase. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-(acyl-carrier Protein) Dehydratase
Very-long-chain (3''R'')-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase (, ''PHS1 (gene)'', ''PAS2 (gene)'') is an enzyme with systematic name ''very-long-chain (3''R'')-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA hydro-lyase''. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction : a very-long-chain (3''R'')-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA \rightleftharpoons a very-long-chain ''trans''-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + H2O This is the third component of the elongase Elongase is a generic term for an enzyme that catalyzes carbon chain extension of an organic molecule, especially a fatty acid In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either .... References External links * {{Portal bar, Biology, border=no EC 4.2.1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enzyme
Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzyme catalysis in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. Metabolic pathways depend upon enzymes to catalyze individual steps. The study of enzymes is called ''enzymology'' and the field of pseudoenzyme analysis recognizes that during evolution, some enzymes have lost the ability to carry out biological catalysis, which is often reflected in their amino acid sequences and unusual 'pseudocatalytic' properties. Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Other biocatalysts are catalytic RNA molecules, called ribozymes. Enzymes' specificity comes from their unique three-dimensional structures. Like all catalysts, enzymes increase the reaction ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carbon Chain
In chemistry, catenation is the bonding of atoms of the same element into a series, called a ''chain''. A chain or a ring shape may be ''open'' if its ends are not bonded to each other (an open-chain compound), or ''closed'' if they are bonded in a ring (a cyclic compound). The words ''to catenate'' and ''catenation'' reflect the Latin root '' catena'', "chain". Carbon Catenation occurs most readily with carbon, which forms covalent bonds with other carbon atoms to form longer chains and structures. This is the reason for the presence of the vast number of organic compounds in nature. Carbon is most well known for its properties of catenation, with organic chemistry essentially being the study of catenated carbon structures (and known as catenae). Carbon chains in biochemistry combine any of various other elements, such as hydrogen, oxygen, and biometals, onto the backbone of carbon. However, carbon is by no means the only element capable of forming such catenae, and several o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fatty Acid
In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an unbranched chain of an even number of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28. Fatty acids are a major component of the lipids (up to 70% by weight) in some species such as microalgae but in some other organisms are not found in their standalone form, but instead exist as three main classes of esters: triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesteryl esters. In any of these forms, fatty acids are both important dietary sources of fuel for animals and important structural components for cells. History The concept of fatty acid (''acide gras'') was introduced in 1813 by Michel Eugène Chevreul, though he initially used some variant terms: ''graisse acide'' and ''acide huileux'' ("acid fat" and "oily acid"). Types of fatty acids Fatty acids are classified in many ways: by length, by saturation vs unsaturati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
