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Electricity Sector In Macau
The electricity sector in Macau ranges from generation, transmission, distribution and sales of electricity in Macau, China. Regulator Electricity sector in Macau is regulated by its electric power utility company Companhia de Electricidade de Macau (CEM), established in 1972 during the Portuguese rule. Generation Electricity generation in Macau CEM's generation facility consists of two power stations, which are located on Coloane Island: Coloane A Power Station (CCA) and Coloane B Power Station (CCB). Together, CEM has a total installed capacity of 407.8 MW. The predominant types of generation technology deployed are the low speed diesel generator using heavy fuel oil for CCA and the combined cycle gas turbine using natural gas for CCB. Electricity import from Mainland China In 2012, CEM produced 376 GWh to supply 8% of Macau's 4,344 GWh gross energy demand, while the remaining 3,968 MW (92%) was imported from Mainland China through Guangdong Power Grid under C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Companhia De Electricidade De Macau
Companhia de Electricidade de Macau – CEM, S.A. known simply as CEM or is a private public utility company with a sole concession to transmit, distribute, sell high, medium and low voltage of electricity in Macau. Besides, CEM owns an installed generation capacity of 408 MW. History From 1906 to 1972, the electricity supply service was managed by the "Macao Electric Lighting Company Ltd." (now Melco International Development), which had its headquarters in British Hong Kong. In 1972, due to non-fulfilment of its concession contract with the former Portuguese administration, the company was replaced by CEM. CEM was restructured with the former Portuguese administration's support in 1982. In 1985, CEM signed the 25-year concession contract. It has since scored achievements in the areas of cost-effectiveness and technology. In November 2010, the Government of Macau and CEM signed the Power Supply Contract Extension for 15 years. The new contract terms came into effect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heavy Fuel Oil
Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) is a category of fuel oils of a tar-like consistency. Also known as bunker fuel, or residual fuel oil, HFO is the result or remnant from the distillation and cracking process of petroleum. For this reason, HFO is contaminated with several different compounds including aromatics, sulfur and nitrogen, making emissions upon combustion more polluting compared to other fuel oils. HFO is predominantly used as a fuel source for marine vessel propulsion due to its relatively low cost compared to cleaner fuel sources such as distillates. The use and carriage of HFO on-board vessels presents several environmental concerns, namely the risk of oil spill and the emission of toxic compounds and particulates including black carbon. Presently, the use of HFOs is banned as a fuel source for ships travelling in the Antarctic as part of the International Maritime Organization's (IMO) International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code). For similar reasons, an HF ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ilha Verde
Ilha Verde, also known by its Cantonese name Cing-zau and Mandarin name Qingzhou, is an area in the northwest of Macau Peninsula, Macau that forms part of the Our Lady Fatima Parish. It is a former island—known in English as Verde or Green Island—to the west of the Macau Isthmus. It was settled by Jesuits. Ilha Verde was connected to the Macau Peninsula in 1895 when a causeway (now Avenida do Conselheiro Borja) was built. Since then reclamation projects around the island took place and now it is annexed to be a part of Macau Peninsula. Colina da Ilha Verde is a hill comprising much of Ilha Verde. The hill is tall, the sixth tallest in Macau. The government built barracks on the hill in 1865 and much of the island was of military area for decades, due to it being close to the Chinese border. The area used to be a crab-catching place but ceased to be upon the completion of the Ilha Verde cement factory in 1887. Education University of Saint Joseph has its main campu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macau Light Rail Transit
, image = Metro Ligeiro de Macau logo.svg , imagesize = 234px , locale = Macau , transit_type = Automated guideway transit , lines = 1 , stations = 11 , ridership = , website = , began_operation = 10 December 2019 (Taipa Line) , operation_will_start = , operator = MTR (Macau), 100% owned subsidiary of MTR Corporation Limited , vehicles = , system_length = , track_gauge = N/A - rubber-tired wheels , el = , map = , map_state = , alt = Macau Light Rail Transit Logo , caption = Macau Light Rail Transit Logo , owner = Macao Light Rapid Transit Corporation, Limited , area served = Initial Operation: Taipa and Cotai , line_number = , start = Ocean , end = Taipa Ferry Terminal , annual_ridership = , chief_executive = , character = , weekly_ridership = The Macau Light Rapid Transit (MLRT, zh, 澳門輕軌系統; pt, Metro Ligeiro de Macau, MLM) is a mass transit system in Macau and is also the first railway system in Macau. The first phase of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guangdong
Guangdong (, ), alternatively romanized as Canton or Kwangtung, is a coastal province in South China on the north shore of the South China Sea. The capital of the province is Guangzhou. With a population of 126.01 million (as of 2020) across a total area of about , Guangdong is the most populous province of China and the 15th-largest by area as well as the second-most populous country subdivision in the world (after Uttar Pradesh in India). Its economy is larger than that of any other province in the nation and the fifth largest sub-national economy in the world with a GDP (nominal) of 1.95 trillion USD (12.4 trillion CNY) in 2021. The Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, a Chinese megalopolis, is a core for high technology, manufacturing and foreign trade. Located in this zone are two of the four top Chinese cities and the top two Chinese prefecture-level cities by GDP; Guangzhou, the capital of the province, and Shenzhen, the first special economic zone in the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electrical Grid
An electrical grid is an interconnected network for electricity delivery from producers to consumers. Electrical grids vary in size and can cover whole countries or continents. It consists of:Kaplan, S. M. (2009). Smart Grid. Electrical Power Transmission: Background and Policy Issues. The Capital.Net, Government Series. Pp. 1-42. * power stations: often located near energy and away from heavily populated areas * electrical substations to step voltage up or down * electric power transmission to carry power long distances * electric power distribution to individual customers, where voltage is stepped down again to the required service voltage(s). Grids are nearly always synchronous, meaning all distribution areas operate with three phase alternating current (AC) frequencies synchronized (so that voltage swings occur at almost the same time). This allows transmission of AC power throughout the area, connecting a large number of electricity generators and consumers and poten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Korea
South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and sharing a land border with North Korea. Its western border is formed by the Yellow Sea, while its eastern border is defined by the Sea of Japan. South Korea claims to be the sole legitimate government of the entire peninsula and adjacent islands. It has a population of 51.75 million, of which roughly half live in the Seoul Capital Area, the fourth most populous metropolitan area in the world. Other major cities include Incheon, Busan, and Daegu. The Korean Peninsula was inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period. Its first kingdom was noted in Chinese records in the early 7th century BCE. Following the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea into Silla and Balhae in the late 7th century, Korea was ruled by the Goryeo dynasty (918–1392) and the Joseon dynasty (1392–1897). The succeeding Korean Empire (1897–1910) was an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine Minor Outlying Islands, and 326 Indian reservations. The United States is also in free association with three Pacific Island sovereign states: the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau. It is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area. It shares land borders with Canada to its north and with Mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the Bahamas, Cuba, Russia, and other nations. With a population of over 333 million, it is the most populous country in the Americas and the third most populous in the world. The national capital of the United States is Washington, D.C. and its most populous city and principal financial center is New York City. Paleo-Americ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. Comprising the westernmost peninsulas of Eurasia, it shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with both Africa and Asia. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south and Asia to the east. Europe is commonly considered to be separated from Asia by the watershed of the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Greater Caucasus, the Black Sea and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. "Europe" (pp. 68–69); "Asia" (pp. 90–91): "A commonly accepted division between Asia and Europe ... is formed by the Ural Mountains, Ural River, Caspian Sea, Caucasus Mountains, and the Black Sea wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Low Voltage
In electrical engineering, low voltage is a relative term, the definition varying by context. Different definitions are used in electric power transmission and distribution, compared with electronics design. electrical safety codes define "low voltage" circuits that are exempt from the protection required at higher voltages. These definitions vary by country and specific codes or regulations. IEC Definition May depend on the applicable standard used. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard IEC 61140:2016 defines Low voltage as 0 to 1000 V AC RMS or 0 to 1500 V DC Other standards such as IEC 60038 defines ''supply system low voltage'' as voltage in the range 50 to 1000 V AC or 120 to 1500 V DC in ''IEC Standard Voltages'' which defines power distribution system voltages around the world. In electrical power systems ''low voltage'' most commonly refers to the mains voltages as used by domestic and light industrial and commercial consu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
High Voltage
High voltage electricity refers to electrical potential large enough to cause injury or damage. In certain industries, ''high voltage'' refers to voltage above a certain threshold. Equipment and conductors that carry high voltage warrant special safety requirements and procedures. High voltage is used in electrical power distribution, in cathode ray tubes, to generate X-rays and particle beams, to produce electrical arcs, for ignition, in photomultiplier tubes, and in high-power amplifier vacuum tubes, as well as other industrial, military and scientific applications. Definition The numerical definition of depends on context. Two factors considered in classifying a voltage as high voltage are the possibility of causing a spark in air, and the danger of electric shock by contact or proximity. The International Electrotechnical Commission and its national counterparts ( IET, IEEE, VDE, etc.) define ''high voltage'' as above 1000 V for alternating current, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electrical Substation
A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions. Between the generating station and consumer, electric power may flow through several substations at different voltage levels. A substation may include transformers to change voltage levels between high transmission voltages and lower distribution voltages, or at the interconnection of two different transmission voltages. They are a common component of the infrastructure, for instance there are 55,000 substations in the United States. Substations may be owned and operated by an electrical utility, or may be owned by a large industrial or commercial customer. Generally substations are unattended, relying on SCADA for remote supervision and control. The word ''substation'' comes from the days before the distribution system became a grid. As central generation stations beca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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