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Duchy Of Masovia
Duchy of Masovia was a district principality and a fiefdom of the Kingdom of Poland, existing during the Middle Ages. The state was centered in Mazovia in the northeastern Kingdom of Poland, and during its existence, its capital was located in the Płock, Czersk and Warsaw. It was formed in 1138 from the territories of the Kingdom of Poland, following its fragmentation, that was started by the testament of Bolesław III Wrymouth. The country existed in the years: 1138–1275, 1294–1310, 1370–1381, and 1495–1526, between that time, going through fragmentations of its territory into smaller duchies and its unification. The states formed during its fragmentation were duchies of Kuyavia, Dobrzyń, Czersk, Płock, Warsaw, Rawa and Belz. In 1526, the country was incorporated into the Kingdom of Poland. History The lands of the Masovians east of the Vistula river had been conquered by the Piast duke Mieszko I of Poland (960–992) and formed a constituent part of his ''Civi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Language
Polish (Polish: ''język polski'', , ''polszczyzna'' or simply ''polski'', ) is a West Slavic language of the Lechitic group written in the Latin script. It is spoken primarily in Poland and serves as the native language of the Poles. In addition to being the official language of Poland, it is also used by the Polish diaspora. There are over 50 million Polish speakers around the world. It ranks as the sixth most-spoken among languages of the European Union. Polish is subdivided into regional dialects and maintains strict T–V distinction pronouns, honorifics, and various forms of formalities when addressing individuals. The traditional 32-letter Polish alphabet has nine additions (''ą'', ''ć'', ''ę'', ''ł'', ''ń'', ''ó'', ''ś'', ''ź'', ''ż'') to the letters of the basic 26-letter Latin alphabet, while removing three (x, q, v). Those three letters are at times included in an extended 35-letter alphabet, although they are not used in native words. The traditional ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warsaw
Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officially estimated at 1.86 million residents within a greater metropolitan area of 3.1 million residents, which makes Warsaw the 7th most-populous city in the European Union. The city area measures and comprises 18 districts, while the metropolitan area covers . Warsaw is an Alpha global city, a major cultural, political and economic hub, and the country's seat of government. Warsaw traces its origins to a small fishing town in Masovia. The city rose to prominence in the late 16th century, when Sigismund III decided to move the Polish capital and his royal court from Kraków. Warsaw served as the de facto capital of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1795, and subsequently as the seat of Napoleon's Duchy of Warsaw. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duchy Of Belz
Duchy of Belz or principality of Belz was a duchy, formed in the late 12th century in Kievan Rus. During its history the duchy was a constituent part of some other political entities such as the Kingdom of Rus, the Kingdom of Hungary, Duchy of Masovia when eventually in the late 14th century was incorporated into Poland becoming later the Bełz Voivodeship. History The duchy formed in 1170 because of the feudal fragmentation of Kievan Rus' ''Bełskie księstwo'' entry in ''S. Orgelbranda encyklopedja powszechna'', Volume 2, Wydawn. Towarzystwa Akcyjnego odlewni czcionek i drukarni S. Orgelbranda synów, 1898Google Print, p.298-299(public domain) Grzegorz Rąkowski, ''Przewodnik krajoznawczo-historyczny po Ukrainie Zachodniej: Ziemia lwowska'', Oficyna Wydawnicza "Rewasz", 2007, Google Print, p.172-174/ref> when the Volhynia region (centered at Volodymyr) was passed to Mstislav II of Kiev who later split it between his sons. Mstislav was married to Agnes of Poland and in a fierce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duchy Of Rawa
The Duchy of Rawa was a feudal district duchy in Masovia, centered on the Rawa Land. Its capital was Rawa. It existed during the High Middle Ages era, from 1313 to 1370, and from 1381 to 1442. The state was established in April 1313, in the partition of the Duchy of Płock, with duke Siemowit II of Masovia becoming its first leader.Janusz Grabowski, ''Dynastia Piastów Mazowieckich'', p. 62-63. It existed until 5 November 1370, when, under the rule of duke Siemowit III, duchies of Czersk, Rawa, and Warsaw were unified into the Duchy of Masovia.Anna Suprunik, ''Mazowsze Siemowitów'', p. 29. It was again reestablished in June 1381, in the partition of the Duchy of Masovia, with duke Siemowit IV as its first leader.Janusz Grabowski, ''Dynastia Piastów Mazowieckich'', p. 98.J. Krzyżaniakowa, J. Ochmański, ''Władysław II Jagiełło'', p. 315. It existed until 1488, when it got incorporated into the Duchy of Czersk.O. Balzer, ''Genealogia Piastów''. From 1310 to 1320, it was a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duchy Of Warsaw (district Principality)
The Duchy of Warsaw was a feudal district duchy in Masovia, centered on the Warsaw Land. Its capital was Warsaw. The state was established in 1310, in the partition of the Duchy of Masovia, with duke Siemowit II of Masovia becoming its first leader.Janusz Grabowski, ''Dynastia Piastów Mazowieckich'', p. 56. It existed until 5 November 1370, when, under the rule of duke Siemowit III, duchies of Czersk, Rawa, and Warsaw were unified into the Duchy of Masovia. It was again reestablished in June 1381, in the partition of the Duchy of Masovia, with duke Janusz I of Warsaw as its first leader. It existed until 1488, when it got incorporated into the Duchy of Czersk. From 1310 to 1320, it was a fiefdom within the Kingdom of Poland, and from 1320 to 1385, a fiefdom of the United Kingdom of Poland, and from 1386 to 1488, a fiefdom of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland. List of rulers First state * Siemowit II of Masovia (1310–1313) * Trojden I (1313–1341) * Siemowit III and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duchy Of Płock
The Duchy of Płock was a feudal district duchy in Masovia, centered on the Płock Land. Its capital was Płock. It existed in the High Middle Ages era, from 1275 to 1294, from 1310 to 1351, and from 1381 to 1462. History The country was established in 1275, in the partition of the Duchy of Masovia, with duke Bolesław II of Masovia becoming its ruler.Agnieszka Teterycz-Puzio, ''Bolesław II Mazowiecki'', p. 41-42. After his death, the duchy was unified with the Duchy of Czersk, forming the Duchy of Masovia, on 24 June 1294. The state was again reestablished in 1310, in the partition of Duchy of Masovia. In 1351, it was partitioned between the Kingdom of Poland, Duchy of Czersk, and Duchy of Warsaw.O. Balzer, ''Genealogia Piastów''.Jerzy Wyrozumski, ''Dzieje Polski piastowskiej (VIII w.-1370)''. It was again reestablished in June 1381, in the partition of the Duchy of Masovia, with duke Siemowit IV Siemowit IV (Ziemowit IV), also known as Siemowit IV the Younger (pl: ''Siemo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duchy Of Czersk
The Duchy of Czersk was a feudal district duchy in Masovia, centered on the Czersk Land. Its capital was Czersk. The country was established in 1275, in the partition of the Duchy of Masovia, with duke Konrad II becoming its ruler.Agnieszka Teterycz-Puzio, ''Piastowskie księżne regentki O utrzymanie władzy dla synów (koniec XII w. - początek XIV w.)'', p. 163-165. After his death,the duchy was unified with the Duchy of Płock, forming the Duchy of Masovia, on 24 June 1294. The state was again reestablished in 1310, with Trojden I, as its first ruler. It existed until 5 November 1370, when, under the rule of duke Siemowit III, duchies of Czersk, Rawa, and Warsaw were unified into the Duchy of Masovia. It was once again reestablished in 1471, from the part of the territories of the duchies of Płock and Warsaw. In 1488, it incorporated the Duchy of Warsaw, into its territory. It existed until 1495, when, with the incorporation of the Duchy of Płock into the Kingdom of Poland, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duchy Of Dobrzyń
A duchy, also called a dukedom, is a medieval In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the Post-classical, post-classical period of World history (field), global history. It began with t ... country, territory, fiefdom, fief, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess, a ruler hierarchically second to the king or Queen regnant, queen in Western European tradition. There once existed an important difference between "sovereign dukes" and dukes who were ordinary noblemen throughout Europe. Some historic duchies were sovereign in areas that would become part of nation-states only during the modern era, such as happened in Germany (once a federal empire) and Italy (previously a unified kingdom). In contrast, others were subordinate districts of those Kingdom (politics), kingdoms that had unified either partially or completely during the medieval era, such as France, Spain, Sicily, Na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duchy Of Kuyavia
The Duchy of Kuyavia was a district principality in the Central Europe, in the region of Kuyavia. Its capital was Inowrocław. It was formed in 1230 from the part of the Duchy of Masovia.Dariusz Karczewski, ''Książę Kazimierz Konradowiec i Kujawy jego czasów'', p. 9, 14. In 1231, duchies of Sieradz and Łęczyca, had been formed from the part of the state. The duchy existed until 1367 when it was partitioned between duchies of Inowrocław and Brześć Kujawski.Józef Śliwiński, ''Władysław Biały'' p. 21-22. Its only ruler was the duke Casimir I of Kuyavia of the Piast dynasty. List of rulers * Casimir I of Kuyavia Casimir I of Kuyavia ( pl, Kazimierz I kujawski) (c. 1211 – 14 December 1267) was a Polish prince and a member of the House of Piast. He was Duke of Kujawy after 1233, ruler over Ląd from 1239-1261, ruler over Wyszogród after 1242, Duke of S ... (1230–1267) Citations Notes References Bibliography *Dariusz Karczewski, ''Książę Kazimie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Testament Of Bolesław III Wrymouth
The last will and testament of the Piast duke Bolesław III Wrymouth of Poland, established rules for governance of the Polish kingdom by his four surviving sons after his death. By issuing it, Bolesław planned to guarantee that his heirs would not fight among themselves, and would preserve the unity of his lands under the Piast dynasty. However, he failed; soon after his death his sons fought each other, and Poland entered a period of fragmentation lasting about 200 years. Provisions Bolesław III issued the document around January 1115 (between the birth of his son Leszek and the rebellion of Skarbimir); it would be enacted upon his death in 1138.Norman Davies, ''God's Playground'', pages53accessed 7 January 2008 Bolesław divided the country into five principalities: * the Seniorate Province (or Duchy of Kraków), composed of western Lesser Poland, the eastern parts of Greater Poland, western Kuyavia and the lands of Sieradz, assigned to Bolesław's eldest son and future High ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fragmentation Of Poland
The period of rule by the Piast dynasty between the 10th and 14th centuries is the first major stage of the history of the Polish state. The dynasty was founded by a series of dukes listed by the chronicler Gall Anonymous in the early 12th century: Siemowit, Lestek and Siemomysł. It was Mieszko I, the son of Siemomysł, who is now considered the proper founder of the Polish state at about 960 AD. The ruling house then remained in power in the Polish lands until 1370. Mieszko converted to Christianity of the Western Latin Rite in an event known as the Baptism of Poland in 966, which established a major cultural boundary in Europe based on religion. He also completed a unification of the Lechitic tribal lands that was fundamental to the existence of the new country of Poland. Following the emergence of the Polish state, a series of rulers converted the population to Christianity, created a kingdom of Poland in 1025 and integrated Poland into the prevailing culture of Europe. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mazovia
Mazovia or Masovia ( pl, Mazowsze) is a historical region in mid-north-eastern Poland. It spans the North European Plain, roughly between Łódź and Białystok, with Warsaw being the unofficial capital and largest city. Throughout the centuries, Mazovia developed a separate sub-culture featuring diverse folk songs, architecture, dress and traditions different from those of other Poles. Historical Mazovia existed from the Middle Ages until the partitions of Poland and consisted of three voivodeships with the capitals in Warsaw, Płock and Rawa. The main city of the region was Płock, which was even capital of Poland from 1079 to 1138; however, in Early Modern Times Płock lost its importance to Warsaw, which became the capital of Poland. From 1138, Mazovia was governed by a separate branch of the Piast dynasty and when the last ruler of the independent Duchy of Mazovia died, it was fully incorporated to the Polish Crown in 1526. During the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth over ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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