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Dual-specificity Kinase
In biochemistry, a dual-specificity kinase () is a kinase that can act as both tyrosine kinase and Serine/threonine-specific protein kinase, serine/threonine kinase. Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, MEKs, involved in Mitogen-activated protein kinases, MAP pathways, are principal examples of dual-specificity kinases. Other common examples include: * ADK1 (Arabidopsis dual specificity kinase 1) * CLK1, CLK2, CLK3 (gene), CLK3, CLK4 (gene), CLK4 * DSTYK * DYRK1A, DYRK1B, DYRK2, DYRK3, DYRK4 * Mps1p * TESK1, TESK2 * TTK (gene), TTK The List of enzymes, systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:protein phosphotransferase (Ser/Thr- and Tyr-phosphorylating). References * * * * * EC 2.7.12 Enzymes of unknown structure {{2.7-enzyme-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biochemistry
Biochemistry or biological chemistry is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. A sub-discipline of both chemistry and biology, biochemistry may be divided into three fields: structural biology, enzymology and metabolism. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become successful at explaining living processes through these three disciplines. Almost all areas of the life sciences are being uncovered and developed through biochemical methodology and research. Voet (2005), p. 3. Biochemistry focuses on understanding the chemical basis which allows biological molecules to give rise to the processes that occur within living cells and between cells,Karp (2009), p. 2. in turn relating greatly to the understanding of tissues and organs, as well as organism structure and function.Miller (2012). p. 62. Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, which is the study of the molecular mechanisms of biological phenomena.As ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DYRK1A
Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''DYRK1A'' gene. Alternative splicing of this gene generates several transcript variants differing from each other either in the 5' UTR or in the 3' coding region. These variants encode at least five different isoforms. Function DYRK1A is a member of the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK) family. This member contains a nuclear targeting signal sequence, a protein kinase domain, a leucine zipper motif, and a highly conservative 13-consecutive-histidine repeat. It catalyzes its autophosphorylation on serine/threonine and tyrosine residues. It may play a significant role in a signaling pathway regulating cell proliferation and may be involved in brain development. This gene is a homolog of ''Drosophila'' mnb (minibrain) gene. Dyrk1a has also been shown to modulate plasma homocysteine level in a mouse model of overexpression. Clinical signi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Enzymes
This article lists enzymes by their classification in the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology's Enzyme Commission (EC) numbering system. * List of EC numbers (EC 5) * List of EC numbers (EC 6) :Oxidoreductases (EC 1) (Oxidoreductase) *Dehydrogenase * Luciferase *DMSO reductase :EC 1.1 (act on the CH-OH group of donors) * :EC 1.1.1 (with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor) ** Alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD) ** Alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP) **Homoserine dehydrogenase ** Aminopropanol oxidoreductase **Diacetyl reductase **Glycerol dehydrogenase **Propanediol-phosphate dehydrogenase ** glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) ** D-xylulose reductase **L-xylulose reductase **Lactate dehydrogenase **Malate dehydrogenase **Isocitrate dehydrogenase ** HMG-CoA reductase * :EC 1.1.2 (with a cytochrome as acceptor) * :EC 1.1.3 (with oxygen as acceptor) **Glucose oxidase **L-gulonolactone oxidase **Thiamine oxidase **Xanthine oxidase * :EC 1.1.4 (with a disul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TTK (gene)
Dual specificity protein kinase TTK also known as Mps1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''TTK'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{Portal bar, Biology, border=no EC 2.7.11 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TESK2
Dual specificity testis-specific protein kinase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''TESK2'' gene. Function This gene product is a serine/threonine protein kinase that contains an N-terminal protein kinase domain that is structurally similar to the kinase domains of testis-specific protein kinase-1 and the LIM motif-containing protein kinases (LIMKs). Its overall structure is most related to the former, indicating that it belongs to the TESK subgroup of the LIMK/TESK family of protein kinases. This gene is predominantly expressed in testis and prostate. The developmental expression pattern of the rat gene in testis suggests an important role for this gene in meiotic stages and/or early stages of spermiogenesis Spermiogenesis is the final stage of spermatogenesis, during which the spermatids develop into mature spermatozoon, spermatozoa. At the beginning of the stage, the spermatid is a more or less circular cell containing a cell nucleus, nucleus, Golg .... ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TESK1
Dual specificity testis-specific protein kinase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''TESK1'' gene. Function This gene product is a serine/threonine protein kinase that contains an N-terminal protein kinase domain and a C-terminal proline-rich domain. Its protein kinase domain is most closely related to those of the LIM motif-containing protein kinases (LIMKs). The encoded protein can phosphorylate myelin basic protein and histone in vitro. The testicular germ cell-specific expression and developmental pattern of expression of the mouse gene suggests that this gene plays an important role at and after the meiotic phase of spermatogenesis. Interactions TESK1 has been shown to interact with YWHAB and SPRY4 Protein sprouty homolog 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SPRY4'' gene. Function SPRY4 is an inhibitor of the receptor-transduced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. It is positioned upstream of RAS (see .... Refere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DYRK3
Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''DYRK3'' gene. This gene product belongs to the DYRK family of dual-specificity protein kinases that catalyze autophosphorylation on serine/ threonine and tyrosine residues. The members of this family share structural similarity, however, differ in their substrate specificity, suggesting their involvement in different cellular functions. The encoded protein has been shown to autophosphorylate on tyrosine residue and catalyze phosphorylation of histones H3 and H2B in vitro. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. See also *DYRK1A * DYRK1B *DYRK2 Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 is an enzyme, in particular a dual-specificity kinase, that in humans is encoded by the ''DYRK2'' gene. DYRK2 belongs to a family of protein kinases whose members are presumed to be invo ... References Further rea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DYRK2
Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 is an enzyme, in particular a dual-specificity kinase, that in humans is encoded by the ''DYRK2'' gene. DYRK2 belongs to a family of protein kinases whose members are presumed to be involved in cellular growth and development. The family is defined by structural similarity of their kinase domains and their capability to autophosphorylate on tyrosine residues. DYRK2 has demonstrated tyrosine autophosphorylation and catalyzed phosphorylation of histones H3 and H2B in vitro. Two isoforms of DYRK2 have been isolated. The predominant isoform, isoform 1, lacks a 5' terminal insert. See also *DYRK1A Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''DYRK1A'' gene. Alternative splicing of this gene generates several transcript variants differing from each other either in the 5' UTR or ... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * EC 2.7.12 {{gene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DYRK1B
Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1B is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''DYRK1B'' gene. Function DYRK1B is a member of the DYRK family of protein kinases. DYRK1B contains a bipartite nuclear localization signal and is found mainly in muscle and testis. The protein is proposed to be involved in the regulation of nuclear functions. Three isoforms of DYRK1B have been identified differing in the presence of two alternatively spliced exons within the catalytic domain. Interactions DYRK1B has been shown to interact with: * PCBD1 and * RANBP9. Clinical significance One lone missense mutation in Dyrk1B gene (R102C) was found associated with an autosomal dominant early onset Coronary Artery Disease, juvenile-onset truncal obesity, severe hypertension, and type II diabetes mellitus - seen in subjects from a nomadic group in Iran. See also *DYRK1A *DYRK2 Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 is an enzyme, in partic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
