Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 is an
enzyme
Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products. A ...
, in particular a
dual-specificity kinase
In biochemistry, a dual-specificity kinase () is a kinase that can act as both tyrosine kinase and serine/threonine kinase.
MEKs, involved in MAP pathways, are principal examples of dual-specificity kinases. Other common examples include:
* AD ...
, that in humans is encoded by the ''DYRK2''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba ...
.
DYRK2 belongs to a family of protein
kinase
In biochemistry, a kinase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate groups from high-energy, phosphate-donating molecules to specific substrates. This process is known as phosphorylation, where the high-energy ATP molecule don ...
s whose members are presumed to be involved in cellular growth and development. The family is defined by structural similarity of their kinase domains and their capability to
autophosphorylate on tyrosine residues. DYRK2 has demonstrated tyrosine autophosphorylation and catalyzed phosphorylation of
histone
In biology, histones are highly basic proteins abundant in lysine and arginine residues that are found in eukaryotic cell nuclei. They act as spools around which DNA winds to create structural units called nucleosomes. Nucleosomes in turn are wr ...
s H3 and H2B in vitro. Two
isoforms
A protein isoform, or "protein variant", is a member of a set of highly similar proteins that originate from a single gene or gene family and are the result of genetic differences. While many perform the same or similar biological roles, some isof ...
of DYRK2 have been isolated. The predominant isoform, isoform 1, lacks a 5' terminal insert.
See also
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DYRK1A
Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''DYRK1A'' gene. Alternative splicing of this gene generates several transcript variants differing from each other either in the 5' UTR or ...
References
Further reading
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EC 2.7.12
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