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Dharanindra
Dharanindra or commonly known as King Indra was the ruler of the Sailendra dynasty who was the Emperor of Mataram in Central Java and Srivijaya in South Sumatera. Dharanindra was the successor of Panangkaran, he ruled the kingdom in the period 775—800. He was mentioned as a great conqueror and credited for Sailendra's overseas campaign. He was mentioned in Kelurak inscription (dated 782) in his formal reign name Sri Sanggrama Dhananjaya. In this inscription he was hailed as ''Wairiwarawiramardana'' or "the slayer of courageous enemies". The similar title also found in Ligor B inscription discovered in Southern Thailand Malay Peninsula; ''Sarwwarimadawimathana'', which suggest it referred to the same person. Dharanindra seems to be a warlike character, as he embarked on military naval expedition overseas and has brought Sailendras' control on Ligor in Malay Peninsula. After conquering and taking Ligor back from Water Chenla, he also launched raids against Champa in 774 and 770, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mataram Kingdom
The Mataram Kingdom (, jv, ꦩꦠꦫꦩ꧀, ) was a Javanese people, Javanese Hinduism, Hindu–Buddhism, Buddhist kingdom that flourished between the 8th and 11th centuries. It was based in Central Java, and later in East Java. Established by King Sri Sanjaya, Sanjaya, the kingdom was ruled by the Shailendra dynasty and Ishana dynasty. During most of its history the kingdom seems have relied heavily on agriculture, especially extensive rice farming, and later also benefited from maritime trade. According to foreign sources and archaeological findings, the kingdom seems to have been well populated and quite prosperous. The kingdom developed a complex society, had a well developed culture, and achieved a degree of sophistication and refined civilisation. In the period between the late 8th century and the mid-9th century, the kingdom saw the blossoming of classical Javanese art and architecture reflected in the rapid growth of Candi of Indonesia, temple construction. Temples d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Srivijaya
Srivijaya ( id, Sriwijaya) was a Buddhist thalassocratic empire based on the island of Sumatra (in modern-day Indonesia), which influenced much of Southeast Asia. Srivijaya was an important centre for the expansion of Buddhism from the 7th to the 12th century AD. Srivijaya was the first polity to dominate much of western Maritime Southeast Asia. Due to its location, the Srivijaya developed complex technology utilizing maritime resources. In addition, its economy became progressively reliant on the booming trade in the region, thus transforming it into a prestige goods-based economy. The earliest reference to it dates from the 7th century. A Tang dynasty Chinese monk, Yijing, wrote that he visited Srivijaya in year 671 for six months. The earliest known inscription in which the name Srivijaya appears also dates from the 7th century in the Kedukan Bukit inscription found near Palembang, Sumatra, dated 16 June 682. Between the late 7th and early 11th century, Srivijaya rose t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sailendra
The Shailendra dynasty (, derived from Sanskrit combined words ''Śaila'' and ''Indra'', meaning "King of the Mountain", also spelled Sailendra, Syailendra or Selendra) was the name of a notable Indianised dynasty that emerged in 8th-century Java, whose reign signified a cultural renaissance in the region. The Shailendras were active promoters of Mahayana Buddhism with the glimpses of Hinduism, and covered the Kedu Plain of Central Java with Buddhist monuments, one of which is the colossal stupa of Borobudur, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Shailendras are considered to have been a thalassocracy and ruled vast swathes of maritime Southeast Asia, however they also relied on agricultural pursuits, by way of intensive rice cultivation on the Kedu Plain of Central Java. The dynasty appeared to be the ruling family of both the Mataram Kingdom of Central Java, for some period, and the Srivijaya Kingdom in Sumatra. The inscriptions created by Shailendras use three languages; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samaragrawira
Sri Maharaja Samaragrawira or also known as Rakai Warak was a ruler of the Mataram Kingdom of Central Java from approximately 800 to 819. This name is found in the list of kings of Mataram in the Mantyasih inscription. One theory put forward by historian Slamet Muljana suggests that the original name is Samaragrawira, the father of Balaputradewa, King of Srivijaya. References * Marwati Poesponegoro & Nugroho Notosusanto. 1990. ''Sejarah Nasional Indonesia Jilid II''. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka * Slamet Muljana Slamet is an Indonesian name that may refer to ;Given name *Slamet Abdul Sjukur (1935–2015), Indonesian composer * Slamet Gundono (1966–2014), Indonesian puppeteer and artist * Slamet Nurcahyono (born 1983), Indonesian footballer * Slamet Rahard .... 2006. ''Sriwijaya'' (terbitan ulang 1960). Yogyakarta: LKIS {{Indonesia-stub Indonesian Buddhist monarchs Javanese monarchs Mataram Kingdom 9th-century Indonesian people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ngawen
Ngawen (known locally as Candi Ngawen) is an 8th-century Buddhist temple compound in Magelang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Located in Ngawen village, Muntilan sub-district, to the east of Mendut temple or to the south of Muntilan town center. Ngawen temple compound consists of five temples, however today only one is successfully reconstructed. Ngawen is thought to be connected with the other three Buddhist temples nearby — Mendut, Pawon and Borobudur — all of which were built during the Sailendra dynasty (8th–9th centuries). According to the satellite map observation, the four temples; Borobudur, Pawon, Mendut and Ngawen are actually forming a straight line spanning west to east slightly tilted northeast with eastern end pointing to the peak of Mount Merapi. From the detail and style of its carving, this temple is estimated to be slightly older than Borobudur. The temple is notable for its exquisite statues of rampant lions on each corners of the temples. Since ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mendut
Mendut is a ninth-century Buddhist temple, located in Mendut village, Mungkid sub-district, Magelang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The temple is located about three kilometres east from Borobudur. Mendut, Borobudur and Pawon, all of which are Buddhist temples, are located in one straight line. There is a mutual religious relationship between the three temples, although the exact ritual process is unknown. History Built around early ninth century AD, Mendut is the oldest of the three temples including Pawon and Borobudur. The Karangtengah inscription, the temple was built and finished during the reign of King Indra of Sailendra dynasty. The inscription dated 824 AD mentioned that King Indra of Sailendra has built a sacred building named ''Venuvana'' which means "bamboo forest". Dutch archaeologist JG de Casparis has connected the temple mentioned in Karangtengah inscription with Mendut temple. In 1836 it was discovered as a ruins covered with bushes. The restoration of this ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sewu
Sewu ( jv, ꦱꦺꦮꦸ, Sèwu) is an eighth century Mahayana Buddhist temple located 800 metres north of Prambanan in Central Java, Indonesia. The word for a Hindu or Buddhist temple in Indonesian is "candi," hence the common name is "Candi Sewu." Candi Sewu is the second largest Buddhist temple complex in Indonesia; Borobudur is the largest. Sewu predates nearby " Loro Jonggrang" temple at Prambanan. Although the complex consists of 249 temples, this Javanese name translates to 'a thousand temples,' which originated from popular local folklore ( The Legend of Loro Jonggrang). Archaeologists believe the original name for the temple compound to be Manjusrigrha. History Construction According to the Kelurak inscription (dated from 782 CE) and the Manjusrigrha inscription (dated from 792 CE), which were discovered in 1960, the original name of the temple complex was probably "Manjusri grha" (The House of Manjusri). Manjusri is a Bodhisattva from Mahayana Buddhist teachings that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shailendra Dynasty
The Shailendra dynasty (, derived from Sanskrit combined words ''Śaila'' and ''Indra'', meaning "King of the Mountain", also spelled Sailendra, Syailendra or Selendra) was the name of a notable Indianised dynasty that emerged in 8th-century Java, whose reign signified a cultural renaissance in the region. The Shailendras were active promoters of Mahayana Buddhism with the glimpses of Hinduism, and covered the Kedu Plain of Central Java with Buddhist Candi of Indonesia, monuments, one of which is the colossal stupa of Borobudur, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Shailendras are considered to have been a thalassocracy and ruled vast swathes of maritime Southeast Asia, however they also relied on agricultural pursuits, by way of intensive rice cultivation on the Kedu Plain of Central Java. The dynasty appeared to be the ruling family of both the Mataram Kingdom of Central Java, for some period, and the Srivijaya Kingdom in Sumatra. The inscriptions created by Shailendras u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kelurak Inscription
The Kelurak inscription is an inscription dated 704 Saka (782 CE), written in Sanskrit with Pranagari script, discovered near Lumbung temple in Kelurak village, Central Java, Indonesia. Lumbung temple is a bit north of Prambanan temple in Yogyakarta. The writings on the inscription were discovered in poor condition with several parts being unclear and unreadable, as a result historians could only translate the main information of the inscription. Contents The inscription mentioned the construction of a sacred buddhist building to house the ''Manjusri'' statue that contains the wisdom of Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha; the same trinity as Brahma, Vishnu and Maheshvara. The construction of this sacred building was ordered by King Indra, revered in his official name ''Sri Sanggramadhananjaya''. The reference to Hindu gods in this Buddhist temple signify the Tantrayana—Vajrayana buddhism influence. The temple dedicated to Manjusri is identified as Sewu temple, located not far north ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ligor Inscription
Ligor inscription is an 8th-century stone stele or inscription discovered in Ligor, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Southern Thailand Malay Peninsula. This inscription was written and carved on two sides, the first part is called Ligor A inscription, or also known as Viang Sa inscription, while on the other side is called the Ligor B inscription written in Kawi script dated 775 CE. The Ligor B inscription was probably written by Mahārāja dyāḥ Pañcapaṇa kariyāna Paṇaṃkaraṇa (Panangkaran), king of Shailendra dynasty. This inscription was connected to the kingdom of Srivijaya and the Shailendra dynasty. Interpretation Ligor A inscription tell about a Srivijayan king named Dharmasetu, the king of kings in the world, who built the ''Trisamaya caitya'' for ''Kajara''. While the Ligor B inscription, dated 775 CE, written in Kawi script, contains the information about a king named ''Visnu'' who holds the title Sri Maharaja, from '' Śailendravamśa (Wangsa Syailendra)'' hailed as '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ligor
Nakhon Si Thammarat Municipality ( th, เทศบาลนครนครศรีธรรมราช, ; from Pali ''Nagara Sri Dhammaraja'') is a municipality (''thesaban nakhon'') in Southern Thailand, capital of Nakhon Si Thammarat province and Mueang Nakhon Si Thammarat district. It is about south of Bangkok, on the east coast of the Malay Peninsula. The city was the administrative center of southern Thailand during most of its history. Originally a coastal city, silting moved the coastline away from the city. The city has a much larger north to south extension than west to east, which dates back to its original location on a flood-save dune. The modern city centre on the train station is north of Old Town. As of 2019, the city had a population of 102,152. Toponymy Thai honorific ''Sri'' or ''Si'' is from Sanskrit Sri; , from Dharma; , from Raja. ''Dhammaraja'' means "righteous ruler", an important Theravada concept. History Nakhon Si Thammarat is one of the oldes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chenla
Chenla or Zhenla (; km, ចេនឡា, ; vi, Chân Lạp) is the Chinese designation for the successor polity of the kingdom of Funan preceding the Khmer Empire that existed from around the late sixth to the early ninth century in Indochina. The name was still used in the 13th century by the Chinese envoy Zhou Daguan, author of ''The Customs of Cambodia''. It appears on the Mao Kun map. However, modern historiography applies the name exclusively to the period from the late 6th to the early ninth century. This period is also known as Pre-Angkorian. It is dubious if "Chenla" ever existed as a unitary kingdom or if this is a misconception by Chinese chronists. Most modern historians assert that "Chenla" was in fact just a series of loose and temporary confederations of principalities. Etymology "Chenla" or "Zhenla" was the name given in Chinese accounts of an entity that sent tributes to Chinese emperors. The word "Chenla" or "Zhenla" and likewise ''Funan'' are unknown in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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